高考英语一轮复习 Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦.docx

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高考英语一轮复习 Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦.docx

高考英语一轮复习Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit9—Unit10知识要点聚焦

1.至点词汇

单词:

content,access,advise,alternative,poverty,violence,stressequality,affect,responsibility,defend,unfair,worldwide,harmony,frightening,threat,uneasy,unpleasant,upset,terrify,spot,dirt,flee,urge,protection,severely,heart,steady,unbelievable

短语:

takeaction,inharmonywith,wipeout,put,anendto,athand,knockabout,allofasudden,goup,onend,atadistance,drawone’sattention(to),calm(sb)down,1ivethrough,asthough/asif

2.重点句型

betodosth.

advisesb.(not)todosth.

3.交际用语

themore…themore

What,sup?

单词短语考点精释

1.livethrough活过(某一时期);经历过

Itwassaidthathehadlittlechancetolivethroughthenight.

Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.

2.flee短语

Fleeforone’slife逃生

Fleeforrefuge避难

Fleefromreality逃离现实

Fleefromresponsibility逃脱责任

Fleeindisorder仓皇而逃

 

辨析runaway/escape/flee

runaway逃跑,跑掉

Hewasafraidandrunaway.

escape指“逃脱、逃离(眼前存在的灾难或危险等)”,强调动作

的结果,常与from搭配,表示“逃离某地”。

Heescapedfromtheenemy’sprison.

Henarrowlyescapedbeingdrowned.

flee常用作书面语,指因惧怕而仓促逃走,或逃脱危险、追踪等,着重动作本身,其结果可能走脱,或未走脱,平可直接接宾语或接from+宾语,表示“逃离某地”:

Theyallfled(from)theburningship.

3.spotn.现场;斑点;地点

ashadyunderatree树下的阴影

aspotonone’sclothes(hat,face,hand)衣服(帽子、脸、手)上的污点

aspotonpaper纸上的污迹

onthespot在现场

withoutaspotonone'sreputation良好的声誉

4.辨析affect/influence/effect/infect

以人作宾语时,affect表示感染、感动之意;influence指无形的、长期积累的影响力,能决定受影响人的心智:

Hisspeechaffectedtheaudiencedeeply.

Hewasinfluencedbyhisbiologyteachertotakeupthestudyofmedicine.

这两个词也可以用于对外来刺激或行为作出反应的事物,此时,affect用于有形的物质力量,而influence则用于无形的抽象力量:

Thedroughtaffectedtheharvest.

Thewholecountryisbeinginfluencedbythegovernment’slatestdecision.

另外,affect也用于指不良的影响。

例如:

Thousandsofpeoplewereaffectedbytheflood.

effect主要作名词用,指效果;作动词用时,常用作正式的书面语,指克服困难完成了某一行动:

Onlythreewarprisonerseffectedtheirescape.

infect指“染上(细菌、疾病)”等、也指不良或好的影响,指某物或某人的身体、情绪、行为等不自觉地受到外界因素的影响常与with连用:

Thewoundwasinfectedwithdiseasegerms.

5.accessto进入的方法或道路;能接近;了解;使用

Thereisnoaccesstothehousefromthemainroad.

Studentsneedeasyaccesstobooks.

Onlyafewpeoplehaveaccesstothefullfactsofthecase.

Youcaneasilygainaccesstohim.

辨析access/entrance

access是正式用语,指从一处通向另一处的通道。

用作比喻意义时,指接近某事物或某人的机会或方法:

Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodybooks.

Heisamanofdifficultaccess.

entrance是普通用语,指建筑物的出人口处,也用于比喻意义:

Theycametotheentrancetotherailwaystation.

Hehaspassedtheschoolentranceexamination.

6.wipevt.擦,擦干

Wipeaway擦掉;

Wipeoff把……从……擦掉,擦掉;

Wipeover擦一遍;

Wipeout擦干净;消灭;使……精疲力竭

Shewipedawaythesweatfromherbrowwiththebackofherhand.

Shewipedthemarksoffthetable.

Makesurethetable-topiswipedoverbeforeyouputtheclothon.

Wealwayswipethebottlesoutbeforereturningthemtothemilkman.

Theheathadwipedusout.

7.contentn.内容,里面的东西vt.使满足adj.满足的、高兴的

Thecontentsofabook目录

Contentsb.Withsth.

Becontenttodosth.

Becontentwithsth.

 

Ialwaysreadthecontentsofabookfirstofall.

Johncontentedhimselfwithoneglassofwine.

IamquitecontenttoremainwhereIamnow.

I’mperfectlycontentwithmypresentsalary.

8.responsibleadj.负责任的;可靠的(for)responsibilityn.责任;职责;义务

Theclassshouldchoosearesponsiblepupiltotakecareofitsmoney.

Youareinmycarenow.I’mresponsibleforyou.

Iwilltaketheresponsibilityof/fordoingit.

Ididitonmyownresponsibility.

辨析duty/responsibility

duty指“道义上的责任”,比较强调自觉性,和作为一种义务的永恒性,是不可数名词:

Everycitizenhasthedutyofdefendinghiscountry.

responsibility强调“职责,”含有在法律上对后果负责的意味,是不可数名词:

Herefusedallresponsibilityfortemistake.

在指具体“职务、任务”时,两词有时可以通用,这时它们是可数名词:

Bothofficersandmenhavedischargedtheirresponsibilities(duties).

9.take短语

takeaction采取行动

takemeasures采取措施

takesteps采取步骤

10:

辨析action/act

Action偏重于抽象的“行动,活动”;往往占用较长时间,包括不同的步骤和许多动作。

act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,具有单一性和完满性。

action往往指进行中的行为,act往往指完成了的行为。

action可数与不可数均可,act多作可数名词。

Hisactionsdonotagreewithhiswords.

Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

Thatwasanactofkindness.

Theyoungmandidanotherfoolishact.

11.辨析defend/guard/protect

defend是普通用语,用在军事上,指,防御;保卫”,用于非军事意义时,指“保护;辩护”。

defend常见的搭配为:

todefend

sb/sthagainst/from...例如:

Theirdutyistodefendthecountryagainstitsenemy.

Everychildmustlearntodefendhimselffromtheaggressionofotherchildren.

guard指“守卫;监视;戒备”,通常侧重指警惕性非常高地防范或戒备潜在的危险。

宾语后面可跟介词against或from;表示保护某人或某物免受某种威胁等,也可用作不及物动词,后面直接跟against,表示防范、防止某事的发生。

例如:

Severaldogsguardthehouseagainststrangers.

Alltheprisonersarecloselyguarded.

protect侧重表示提供各种保护手段或设施,以防遭受危险或伤害,或防御风雨八寒冬、烈日。

疾病等的侵袭:

Atthesametimewearetakingmeasurestoprotectwildliferesources.

12.inharmony(with)与……和谐相处;和……一致outofharmonywith与……不和谐;和……不一致

Helivesinharmonywithhisneighbors.

Histastesarein`harmonywithmine.

Themusicisoutofharmonywithhistastes.

13.alternativeadj二者任择其一的n.二者之间的选择,二者选一;……的替换物

Wehavetwoalternativecourses,surrenderordeath

Youhavesthealternativeofridingorwalking.

Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccepttheoffer.

14.advisev.劝告;出主意;建议

advisedoing

advisesb.(not)todosth.

advisesb.againststh/doingsth.

advisesb.thatsb,(should)dosth.

Headvisedwaitingtillthepropertime.

Iadvisedhim(hot)todoitnow.

Iadvisedhimagainstdoingitnow.

Iadvised(him)thathe(should)doitnow.

Whoisthebestmantoadvisemeonthequestion.

Thedoctoradvisedapleterest.

Hewasadvisedagainstwrong.

15.putanend/astopto:

结束,制止

Theteacher'singputanendtothefightingamongthestudents.

Besuretoputastoptothesethings.

end短语

bring…toanend使……终止etoanend完毕,结束

makeanendof把……,终止make(both)endsmeet量入为出drawtoanend结束,完成keepone’s精神饱满地对待

gain/achieveone'send达到目的

attheendof在末尾;结束bytheendof到……末

intheend终于;归根到底onend竖着;连接地

16.observevt.观察;注意到;评论;遵守;庆祝

Observen.

Observesb.Dosth.

Observesb.Doing

Observethat从句

 

Heobservedthingscarefullyandnevertakeanythingforgranted.

Iobservedhergoout.

Heobservedamantryingtoforcethedoor.

Heobservedthatthehouseseemedtobetoosmall.

Ihavelittletoobserveonwhathasbeensaid.

Theserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.

DoyouobserveChristmasDayinJapan?

17.frightenvt.使惊恐,吓唬

Befrightenedby被……吓坏(一跳)

Befrightenedat(一时)对……感到惊恐

Befrightenedof(长时间)对……感到害怕

Frightensb.Into/outofdoingsth.吓得某人做/不做某事

Befrightenedtodosth.害怕做某事

Befrightenedwithsth.对……害怕

Frightensb.Todeath把某人吓坏

 

Iwasfrightenedbyalargedogthatday.

Somepeoplearefrightenedofthunder,otherpeoplearefrightenedofsnakes.

Shewasfrightenedintosigningtheagreement.

Shewasveryfrightenedtolookdownfromthetopfloorofthebuilding.

Shewasfrightenedtodeathwhensheheardthenews.

Frighteningadj.令人惊恐的;frightenedadj,受到惊恐的

Hespokeinafrighteningmanner.

Shethrewusaquickfrightenedglance.

辨析frighten/scare/terrify

frighten是普通用语,含义最广,往往指由某种原因突然产生的恐惧感,也可指某种心理负担:

Ashoutfrightenedtheboysaway.

care指一般的惊吓、吓唬:

`Ignorehim,he'sjusttryingtoscareus.

Terrify语气最强,常指使之处于恐惧之中或吓得六神无主,通常侧重指无法自控的心理状态:

Theboywasterrifiedoutofhiswitsatthehissingsnake.

18.hand短语.

Athand在手边,在跟前

Byhand手工做的;送来的

Onhand在手边,手头有(事做)、现有

inhand手头有,掌握住,进行中

Whenhewrites,healwayskeepsadictionaryathand.

Thepostofficeiscloseathand.

Myshoesweremadebyhand.

Ihaveagreatdealofimportantworkonhand.

Theworkisinhandandwillsoonbepleted.

Thesituationiswellinhand.

19.asif/though好像;似乎

asif/though是从属连词,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。

在使用时应注意:

asif/though引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实,而且如果是主观的想像或夸大性的比喻时,谓语动词通常用虚拟语气。

例如:

HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.

常与feel,seem,look连用,等于连词that,其主语一般是it;如果表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性,谓语动词通常用陈述语气。

例如:

Wehavemissedthebus.Itlooksasifwewillhavetowalk.

20.courage短语

Calmcourage沉着勇敢

Coolcourage镇定勇敢

Developcourage培养勇气

Dutchcourage酒后之勇

Ironcourage钢铁般的勇气

Unshakencourage不可动摇的勇气

Courageinthefaceofdanger临危不惧

Gaincourage得到勇气

 

高考样题例释

1.(xx年上海春季)TimewillwhetherI`madetherightchoiceornot.

A.seeB.sayC.knowD.tell

【解析】答案为D。

tell意为“断定”符合题意:

时间将会断定我作出了正确的选择。

2.(xx年上海)AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,.

A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped

B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare

C.themorelifeyouareequippedfor

D.youareequippedthemoreforlife

【解析】答案为B。

从所提供语境themoreyoulearn,并结合所给选项可确定此处考查“the形容词/副词比较级+陈述句,the+形容词/副词的比较级+陈述句”句型,、意为“越……,越……”。

题意:

我以为教育是有关学习的事情,你学得越多,对生活的准备就越充分。

3.(xx年上海)Alicetrustsyou:

onlyyoucanhertogiveupthefoolishidea.

A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.persuade

【解析】答案为D。

句意为“惟有你能说服她放弃这愚蠢的想法”,persuadesb.todosth”劝某人做某事”,其他单词搭配不对。

单选高考模拟

1.—Whydidyourefusetoacceptsuchapositioninthedepartmentstore?

—BecauseI1ikethat.

A.lessthanothersB.betterthanothers

C.bestofallD.leastofall

2.Youcan’trunamileintwominutes.

A.possibleB.likelyC.perhapsD.maybe

3.Ireallywonderhehaspostedmemanypackagesweworkedtogether.

A.how;afterB.why;when

C.why;sinceD.when;before

4.—Judgingfromnumberofthecars,therearenotmanypeopleintheclub.

一Ithinkso.Peoplewouldratherstayathomeinsuchbadweather.

A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;a

5.Itwasanewspaperofanewtype,hadneverbeforeexistedinthehistoryofthelabourmovement.

A.whatB.suchasC.thatD.it

6.—Ifailedagain.IwishIharder.

—Butyou.

A.hadworked;hadn’tB.worked;do

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