高考英语一轮复习 Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦.docx
《高考英语一轮复习 Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语一轮复习 Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦.docx(45页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语一轮复习Unit9Unit10知识要点聚焦
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit9—Unit10知识要点聚焦
1.至点词汇
单词:
content,access,advise,alternative,poverty,violence,stressequality,affect,responsibility,defend,unfair,worldwide,harmony,frightening,threat,uneasy,unpleasant,upset,terrify,spot,dirt,flee,urge,protection,severely,heart,steady,unbelievable
短语:
takeaction,inharmonywith,wipeout,put,anendto,athand,knockabout,allofasudden,goup,onend,atadistance,drawone’sattention(to),calm(sb)down,1ivethrough,asthough/asif
2.重点句型
betodosth.
advisesb.(not)todosth.
3.交际用语
themore…themore
What,sup?
单词短语考点精释
1.livethrough活过(某一时期);经历过
Itwassaidthathehadlittlechancetolivethroughthenight.
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
2.flee短语
Fleeforone’slife逃生
Fleeforrefuge避难
Fleefromreality逃离现实
Fleefromresponsibility逃脱责任
Fleeindisorder仓皇而逃
辨析runaway/escape/flee
runaway逃跑,跑掉
Hewasafraidandrunaway.
escape指“逃脱、逃离(眼前存在的灾难或危险等)”,强调动作
的结果,常与from搭配,表示“逃离某地”。
Heescapedfromtheenemy’sprison.
Henarrowlyescapedbeingdrowned.
flee常用作书面语,指因惧怕而仓促逃走,或逃脱危险、追踪等,着重动作本身,其结果可能走脱,或未走脱,平可直接接宾语或接from+宾语,表示“逃离某地”:
Theyallfled(from)theburningship.
3.spotn.现场;斑点;地点
ashadyunderatree树下的阴影
aspotonone’sclothes(hat,face,hand)衣服(帽子、脸、手)上的污点
aspotonpaper纸上的污迹
onthespot在现场
withoutaspotonone'sreputation良好的声誉
4.辨析affect/influence/effect/infect
以人作宾语时,affect表示感染、感动之意;influence指无形的、长期积累的影响力,能决定受影响人的心智:
Hisspeechaffectedtheaudiencedeeply.
Hewasinfluencedbyhisbiologyteachertotakeupthestudyofmedicine.
这两个词也可以用于对外来刺激或行为作出反应的事物,此时,affect用于有形的物质力量,而influence则用于无形的抽象力量:
Thedroughtaffectedtheharvest.
Thewholecountryisbeinginfluencedbythegovernment’slatestdecision.
另外,affect也用于指不良的影响。
例如:
Thousandsofpeoplewereaffectedbytheflood.
effect主要作名词用,指效果;作动词用时,常用作正式的书面语,指克服困难完成了某一行动:
Onlythreewarprisonerseffectedtheirescape.
infect指“染上(细菌、疾病)”等、也指不良或好的影响,指某物或某人的身体、情绪、行为等不自觉地受到外界因素的影响常与with连用:
Thewoundwasinfectedwithdiseasegerms.
5.accessto进入的方法或道路;能接近;了解;使用
Thereisnoaccesstothehousefromthemainroad.
Studentsneedeasyaccesstobooks.
Onlyafewpeoplehaveaccesstothefullfactsofthecase.
Youcaneasilygainaccesstohim.
辨析access/entrance
access是正式用语,指从一处通向另一处的通道。
用作比喻意义时,指接近某事物或某人的机会或方法:
Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodybooks.
Heisamanofdifficultaccess.
entrance是普通用语,指建筑物的出人口处,也用于比喻意义:
Theycametotheentrancetotherailwaystation.
Hehaspassedtheschoolentranceexamination.
6.wipevt.擦,擦干
Wipeaway擦掉;
Wipeoff把……从……擦掉,擦掉;
Wipeover擦一遍;
Wipeout擦干净;消灭;使……精疲力竭
Shewipedawaythesweatfromherbrowwiththebackofherhand.
Shewipedthemarksoffthetable.
Makesurethetable-topiswipedoverbeforeyouputtheclothon.
Wealwayswipethebottlesoutbeforereturningthemtothemilkman.
Theheathadwipedusout.
7.contentn.内容,里面的东西vt.使满足adj.满足的、高兴的
Thecontentsofabook目录
Contentsb.Withsth.
Becontenttodosth.
Becontentwithsth.
Ialwaysreadthecontentsofabookfirstofall.
Johncontentedhimselfwithoneglassofwine.
IamquitecontenttoremainwhereIamnow.
I’mperfectlycontentwithmypresentsalary.
8.responsibleadj.负责任的;可靠的(for)responsibilityn.责任;职责;义务
Theclassshouldchoosearesponsiblepupiltotakecareofitsmoney.
Youareinmycarenow.I’mresponsibleforyou.
Iwilltaketheresponsibilityof/fordoingit.
Ididitonmyownresponsibility.
辨析duty/responsibility
duty指“道义上的责任”,比较强调自觉性,和作为一种义务的永恒性,是不可数名词:
Everycitizenhasthedutyofdefendinghiscountry.
responsibility强调“职责,”含有在法律上对后果负责的意味,是不可数名词:
Herefusedallresponsibilityfortemistake.
在指具体“职务、任务”时,两词有时可以通用,这时它们是可数名词:
Bothofficersandmenhavedischargedtheirresponsibilities(duties).
9.take短语
takeaction采取行动
takemeasures采取措施
takesteps采取步骤
10:
辨析action/act
Action偏重于抽象的“行动,活动”;往往占用较长时间,包括不同的步骤和许多动作。
act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,具有单一性和完满性。
action往往指进行中的行为,act往往指完成了的行为。
action可数与不可数均可,act多作可数名词。
Hisactionsdonotagreewithhiswords.
Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
Thatwasanactofkindness.
Theyoungmandidanotherfoolishact.
11.辨析defend/guard/protect
defend是普通用语,用在军事上,指,防御;保卫”,用于非军事意义时,指“保护;辩护”。
defend常见的搭配为:
todefend
sb/sthagainst/from...例如:
Theirdutyistodefendthecountryagainstitsenemy.
Everychildmustlearntodefendhimselffromtheaggressionofotherchildren.
guard指“守卫;监视;戒备”,通常侧重指警惕性非常高地防范或戒备潜在的危险。
宾语后面可跟介词against或from;表示保护某人或某物免受某种威胁等,也可用作不及物动词,后面直接跟against,表示防范、防止某事的发生。
例如:
Severaldogsguardthehouseagainststrangers.
Alltheprisonersarecloselyguarded.
protect侧重表示提供各种保护手段或设施,以防遭受危险或伤害,或防御风雨八寒冬、烈日。
疾病等的侵袭:
Atthesametimewearetakingmeasurestoprotectwildliferesources.
12.inharmony(with)与……和谐相处;和……一致outofharmonywith与……不和谐;和……不一致
Helivesinharmonywithhisneighbors.
Histastesarein`harmonywithmine.
Themusicisoutofharmonywithhistastes.
13.alternativeadj二者任择其一的n.二者之间的选择,二者选一;……的替换物
Wehavetwoalternativecourses,surrenderordeath
Youhavesthealternativeofridingorwalking.
Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccepttheoffer.
14.advisev.劝告;出主意;建议
advisedoing
advisesb.(not)todosth.
advisesb.againststh/doingsth.
advisesb.thatsb,(should)dosth.
Headvisedwaitingtillthepropertime.
Iadvisedhim(hot)todoitnow.
Iadvisedhimagainstdoingitnow.
Iadvised(him)thathe(should)doitnow.
Whoisthebestmantoadvisemeonthequestion.
Thedoctoradvisedapleterest.
Hewasadvisedagainstwrong.
15.putanend/astopto:
结束,制止
Theteacher'singputanendtothefightingamongthestudents.
Besuretoputastoptothesethings.
end短语
bring…toanend使……终止etoanend完毕,结束
makeanendof把……,终止make(both)endsmeet量入为出drawtoanend结束,完成keepone’s精神饱满地对待
gain/achieveone'send达到目的
attheendof在末尾;结束bytheendof到……末
intheend终于;归根到底onend竖着;连接地
16.observevt.观察;注意到;评论;遵守;庆祝
Observen.
Observesb.Dosth.
Observesb.Doing
Observethat从句
Heobservedthingscarefullyandnevertakeanythingforgranted.
Iobservedhergoout.
Heobservedamantryingtoforcethedoor.
Heobservedthatthehouseseemedtobetoosmall.
Ihavelittletoobserveonwhathasbeensaid.
Theserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.
DoyouobserveChristmasDayinJapan?
17.frightenvt.使惊恐,吓唬
Befrightenedby被……吓坏(一跳)
Befrightenedat(一时)对……感到惊恐
Befrightenedof(长时间)对……感到害怕
Frightensb.Into/outofdoingsth.吓得某人做/不做某事
Befrightenedtodosth.害怕做某事
Befrightenedwithsth.对……害怕
Frightensb.Todeath把某人吓坏
Iwasfrightenedbyalargedogthatday.
Somepeoplearefrightenedofthunder,otherpeoplearefrightenedofsnakes.
Shewasfrightenedintosigningtheagreement.
Shewasveryfrightenedtolookdownfromthetopfloorofthebuilding.
Shewasfrightenedtodeathwhensheheardthenews.
Frighteningadj.令人惊恐的;frightenedadj,受到惊恐的
Hespokeinafrighteningmanner.
Shethrewusaquickfrightenedglance.
辨析frighten/scare/terrify
frighten是普通用语,含义最广,往往指由某种原因突然产生的恐惧感,也可指某种心理负担:
Ashoutfrightenedtheboysaway.
care指一般的惊吓、吓唬:
`Ignorehim,he'sjusttryingtoscareus.
Terrify语气最强,常指使之处于恐惧之中或吓得六神无主,通常侧重指无法自控的心理状态:
Theboywasterrifiedoutofhiswitsatthehissingsnake.
18.hand短语.
Athand在手边,在跟前
Byhand手工做的;送来的
Onhand在手边,手头有(事做)、现有
inhand手头有,掌握住,进行中
Whenhewrites,healwayskeepsadictionaryathand.
Thepostofficeiscloseathand.
Myshoesweremadebyhand.
Ihaveagreatdealofimportantworkonhand.
Theworkisinhandandwillsoonbepleted.
Thesituationiswellinhand.
19.asif/though好像;似乎
asif/though是从属连词,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
在使用时应注意:
asif/though引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实,而且如果是主观的想像或夸大性的比喻时,谓语动词通常用虚拟语气。
例如:
HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.
常与feel,seem,look连用,等于连词that,其主语一般是it;如果表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性,谓语动词通常用陈述语气。
例如:
Wehavemissedthebus.Itlooksasifwewillhavetowalk.
20.courage短语
Calmcourage沉着勇敢
Coolcourage镇定勇敢
Developcourage培养勇气
Dutchcourage酒后之勇
Ironcourage钢铁般的勇气
Unshakencourage不可动摇的勇气
Courageinthefaceofdanger临危不惧
Gaincourage得到勇气
高考样题例释
1.(xx年上海春季)TimewillwhetherI`madetherightchoiceornot.
A.seeB.sayC.knowD.tell
【解析】答案为D。
tell意为“断定”符合题意:
时间将会断定我作出了正确的选择。
2.(xx年上海)AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,.
A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped
B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare
C.themorelifeyouareequippedfor
D.youareequippedthemoreforlife
【解析】答案为B。
从所提供语境themoreyoulearn,并结合所给选项可确定此处考查“the形容词/副词比较级+陈述句,the+形容词/副词的比较级+陈述句”句型,、意为“越……,越……”。
题意:
我以为教育是有关学习的事情,你学得越多,对生活的准备就越充分。
3.(xx年上海)Alicetrustsyou:
onlyyoucanhertogiveupthefoolishidea.
A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.persuade
【解析】答案为D。
句意为“惟有你能说服她放弃这愚蠢的想法”,persuadesb.todosth”劝某人做某事”,其他单词搭配不对。
单选高考模拟
1.—Whydidyourefusetoacceptsuchapositioninthedepartmentstore?
—BecauseI1ikethat.
A.lessthanothersB.betterthanothers
C.bestofallD.leastofall
2.Youcan’trunamileintwominutes.
A.possibleB.likelyC.perhapsD.maybe
3.Ireallywonderhehaspostedmemanypackagesweworkedtogether.
A.how;afterB.why;when
C.why;sinceD.when;before
4.—Judgingfromnumberofthecars,therearenotmanypeopleintheclub.
一Ithinkso.Peoplewouldratherstayathomeinsuchbadweather.
A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;a
5.Itwasanewspaperofanewtype,hadneverbeforeexistedinthehistoryofthelabourmovement.
A.whatB.suchasC.thatD.it
6.—Ifailedagain.IwishIharder.
—Butyou.
A.hadworked;hadn’tB.worked;do