语法情态动词学生版.docx
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语法情态动词学生版
语法-情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的能力、义务、必要、猜测等语气或情感。
情态动词必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,无人称和数的变化。
其使用要点如下:
一、情态动词考点解析
can,could和beableto的用法
1.can和could表示“能,会”,有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态,在将来时和完成时中必须用beableto。
表“能力”时can与beableto换用。
例如:
Canyoutype?
=Areyouabletotype?
We’llbeabletogetyouajobsoon.
(在将来时中不可用can)
Hehasbeenabletofinishtheworkontime.
(在完成时中不可用can)
2.“can/could+havedone”
表“本能够做某事而没有做”。
例如:
Youcouldhavebeenmorecareful.
你本能够更细心的。
3.“can’t/couldn’t+havedone”表“不可能做了某事”。
例如:
Withoutyourhelp,Ican’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.
没有你的帮助,我不可能取得这么大的进步。
must和haveto的用法
1.must和haveto都表示“必须,不得不”。
must强调主观性;haveto强调客观需要。
must只用于一般现在时,而haveto有更多的时态形式。
例如:
Imustlearnanotherlanguage.
(主观想法:
我想要)
Ihavetolearnanotherlanguage.
(客观需要:
我不得不)
It’llhavetobefinishedintwodays.
(haveto用于将来时中)
Hehashadtoreconsiderhisposition.
(haveto用于现在完成时)
2.两者的否定意义不同:
mustn’t表示“禁止;不可以”,而don’thaveto表示“不必”,意思相当needn’t。
例如:
Youmustn’tgo.你决不可以去。
Youdon’thavetogo.你不必去。
3.“mustbe+形容词或名词”表示对现在情况的肯定推测和判断;否定的推测用can’t。
例如:
Whathesaidmustbetrue.
他说的一定是真的。
Whathesaidcan’tbetrue.他说的不可能是真的。
ThismustbeJim’spen.这一定是吉姆的笔。
4.“must+havedone”表示对过去情况的肯定推测;“can’t/couldn’t+havedone”则表示对过去情况的否定推测。
例如:
Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地面很湿,昨晚一定下过雨。
Hecan’tfindhiskey.Hemusthaveleftitinthecar.
他找不到钥匙了一定是丢在车上了。
Hecan’thavefinishedtheworkinsuchashorttime.
他不可能在这么短的时间内完成了这份工作。
should和oughtto的用法
1.两者都表示“应该”,但should语气比oughtto重,在日常交际中多用should,表一般的忠告。
oughtto否定形式为oughtnotto。
Yououghttorespecttheold.你应该尊重老人。
Yououghtnottotellhimaboutit.你不应该告诉他那件事。
2.“should/oughtto+havedone”表示“过去本应该做某事而没有做”;否定式“shouldn’t/oughtnotto+havedone”表“本不该做某事却做了”。
例如:
Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.
我本应早点完成这项工作。
Hiswifeisselfish.Heoughtn’ttohavemarriedher.
他的妻子很自私,他本不该娶她的。
dare作情态动词和行为动词的用法
1.dare作情态动词主要用在否定句和疑问句中,其否定式是“darenot+动词原形”表“敢;竟敢”。
例如:
Shedarenotspeakinpublic.
她不敢在公众面前讲话。
Howdareyoudosuchathing?
你怎敢做这样的事?
2.dare作为行为动词时,肯定式为“daretodosth.”,to可以省略;其否定式为“don’tdare(to)do/doesn’tdare(to)do/didn’tdare(to)do”。
例如:
Shedares(to)swiminthatriver.她敢于在那条河里游泳。
Idon’tdare(to)speakofit.我不敢说那件事。
need作情态动词和行为动词的用法
1.need作情态动词,常用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定式为“needn’t+动词原形”。
例如:
2.Youneedn’tdoanythinghere.
3.你在这里什么也不要做。
Youneedn’tgoifyoudon’twantto.
你不想去就不必去。
Youneedn’tdoitatonce,needyou?
你不必马上做,是吗?
2.need作行为动词,其否定式为“don’tneedtodo…”。
后面接动词不定式,表主动;接动名词表被动。
例如:
Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
Ineedtotellthemthenews.
我需要告诉他们这个消息。
Thistableneedspainting.=Thistableneedstobepainted.这张桌子需要刷新。
情态动词的完成时和进行时
1.情态动词的完成时
must+havedone(一定做了……)
推测过去情况的肯定发生了。
may/might+havedone(也许做了……)
推测过去情况也许发生了。
can/could+havedone(本能够做了……)
本能够做却没做。
can’t/couldn’t+havedone(不可能做了……)
推测过去情况不可能发生。
should/oughtto+havedone(本该做了……)
过去本应该发生的而未发生。
shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+havedone(本不该做了……)
过去本不应该发生的而发生了。
needn’t+havedone(本不必做了……)
本不必做的事却做了。
2.情态动词的进行时
mustbedoing一定在做某事。
maybedoing可能在做某事。
can’tbedoing不可能在做某事。
shouldn’tbedoing不应该在做某事
公外真题解析
1.You___mebecauseIdidn’tsaythat.(2002-29)
A.mustmisunderstandB.mustbeunderstanding
C.musthaveunderstoodD.hadtomisunderstand
2.Withouthiswisemother,he_____suchasuccessfulscientist.
A.wouldnotbecomeB.shouldnothavebecome
C.maynothavebecomeD.couldnothavebecome
3.Goandgetsomewater,_____?
(2003)
A.don’tyouB.shallyouC.can’tyouD.won’tyou
4.I___alittleearlier,but1metafriendofmineontheway.(2006-23)
A.shouldarriveB.wouldbearriving
C.couldhavearrivedD.arrived
5.Ididn'tseehimatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.He___it.(2006-42)
A.mustn’tattendB.can'thaveattended
C.wouldn’thaveattendedD.needn'thaveattended
6.You____mebecauseIdidn’tsaythat.(2007)
A.mustunderstandB.mustbeunderstanding
C.musthaveunderstoodD.hadtomisunderstand
7.I'mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam.You____haveworkedharder.(2008-21)
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.ought
8.You___nothaveseenheryesterday,forshewasabroad.(2009-12)
A.mustB.shouldC.couldD.would
9.Hemusthavestayeduplatelastnight,______he?
(2011)
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.hasn’tD.didn’t
10.Let’sputthemattertothevoteandnotwasteourtimearguingaboutit,______?
(2012)
A.shallweB.canweC.mayID.willyou
11.I’msorrythathe_____insuchpoorhealth.(2013)
A.areB.shallbeC.wereD.shouldbe
1-5CDDCB6-11CACDAD
专业情态动词真题:
1.Ifyou____seeXiaoLiinBeijing,pleaselethimgivemeacall.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall
2.Thiskindofworkishardanddangerous.Butyouwouldbecomerich____.
A.wouldyousucceedB.oughtyoutosucceed
C.mightyousucceedD.shouldyousucceed
3.Fathersaidsuchathing____tohappenyesterday.
A.oughttobenotallowedB.oughtnottobeallowed
C.oughttobeallowednotD.notoughttobeallowed
4.Ididn’tseehimatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.He____it.
A.mustn’tattendB.can’thaveattended
C.wouldn’thaveattendedD.needn’thaveattended
5.____youfindyourselfinaconditionofbeingtroubledorworriedaboutsometrifles,pleasecultivateahobby.
A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.May
6.Heusedto____inthecountryside.
A.belivingB.liveC.livingD.havinglived
7.Johndidverywellintheexam.He____veryhardallthesedays.
A.wouldhaveworkedB.wouldworkC.mustworkD.musthaveworked
8.Iwishtocallonyoutonight,____?
A.haveIB.mayIC.don’tID.wouldI
9.Searchfindingshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe__havedoneduringtheday.(2007)
A.mayB.shouldC.couldD.must
10.Don’tforgettowalkthedogwhileIamaway,___?
A.willyouB.doyouC.shallyouD.canyou
11.Butforthefavorableweather,we_____insuchagoodharvest.(2008)
A.can’tgetB.couldn’tgetC.couldn’thavegotD.couldhavegot
12.Withoutcomputers,we____thetremendousmedicaladvancementinthefewdecades.(2009)
A.wouldnotmakeB.willnothavemade
C.couldnotmakeD.couldn’thavemade
13.Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe_____duringtheday.(2010)
A.musthavedoneB.wouldhavedone
C.shouldhavedoneD.mayhavedone
14.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’t’you?
”(2013)
“No,office,I____.Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”
A.couldn’thavebeenB.maynothavebeen
C.didn’tneedtobeD.needn’thavebeen
Keys:
1-5BDBBB6-10BDBAA11-14CDDA
三、模拟训练
1.FromthetearsinNerd’seyes,wecandeducethatsomethingsad____.
A.musthaveoccurredB.wouldhaveoccurred
C.mightbeoccurredD.shouldoccur
2.“Mustwedoitnow?
”“No,you_____.”
A.won’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.don’t
3.You____readthatarticleifyoudon’twantto.
A.haven’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
4.Theteachersaidthatthestudents____understandtheproblemverywell.
A.canB.couldC.shallD.dare
5.You____makeupyourmindrightaway.
A.havenottoB.nothavetoC.havetonotD.don’thaveto
6.He_____besoimpolitetoyourparents.
A.shouldnotB.cannotC.oughttonotD.maynot
7.Heisafraidofhisfather;he_____speaktohim.
A.darenotB.daresnotC.didn’tdareD.cannot
8.I_____getupearly,butnowIoftenmissmybreakfast.
A.mustB.dareC.usedtoD.useto
9.Smoking_____inpublic.
A.shouldbeallowednotB.shouldbenotallowed
C.shouldnotbeallowedD.notshouldbeallowed
10.Thechildren_____whiletheirparentsareaway.
A.shouldtakegoodcareofB.shouldbetakengoodcare
C.shouldbetakengoodcareofD.shouldtakengoodcare
11.“BobtranslatedthebookintoEnglish.”
“He_____becausehedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.”
A.can’thavedothatB.maynothavedonethat
C.musthavedonethatD.can’thavedonethat
12.WhydidhemisshisEnglishclassyesterday?
He____.
A.canhaveforgottenaboutitB.mayhaveforgottenaboutit
C.mayforgetaboutitD.couldhaveforgottenaboutit
13.Helefthereat5:
00p.m.yesterday.He_____byseventhismorning.
A.canhavearrivedB.maynotarrive
C.musthavearrivedD.mustarrive
14.Marywasveryunhappylastweek.Susan_____herthetruth.
A.canhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.maytellD.musttell
15.You_____withthem.Whydidn’tyougo?
A.couldhavegoneB.cangoC.musthavegoneD.mustgo
16.You____theexaminationifyouhadworkedharder.
A.canpassB.mustpassC.couldhavepassedD.maypass
17.It’snowonderthathedidn’tpasshisexamination.He_____.
A.couldstudyhardB.maynotstudyhard
C.musthavestudiedhardD.shouldhavestudiedhard
18.Thisboxistooheavy,_____givemeahand?
A.wouldyoumindB.wouldyouplease
C.willyouliketoD.willyoupleaseto
19.Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe_____duringtheday.
A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedone
C.mayhavedoneD.musthavedone
20.Somewomen____agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.
A.wouldmakeB.mustmake
C.couldhavemadeD.shouldhavemade
21.Ifyou____seeXiaoLiinBeijing,pleaselethimgivemeacall.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall
22.Thiskindofworkishardanddangerous.Butyouwouldbecomerich____.
A.wouldyousucceedB.oughtyoutosucceed
C.mightyousucceedD.shouldyousucceed
23.Fathersaidsuchathing____tohappenyesterday.
A.oughttobenotallowedB.oughtnottobeallowed
C.oughttobeallowednotD.notoughttobeallowed
24.____youfindyourselfinaconditionofbeingtroubledorworriedaboutsometrifles,pleas