语法情态动词学生版.docx

1、语法情态动词学生版 语法- 情态动词情态动词表示说话人的能力、义务、必要、猜测等语气或情感。情态动词必须和动词原形一起构成谓语，无人称和数的变化。其使用要点如下：一、 情态动词考点解析can, could和be able to的用法1can和could表示“能，会”，有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，在将来时和完成时中必须用be able to。表“能力”时can与be able to换用。例如：Can you type? =Are you able to type?Well be able to get you a job soon.（在将来时中不可用can）He has been able

2、 to finish the work on time.（在完成时中不可用can）2 “can/could+ have done” 表“本能够做某事而没有做”。例如：You could have been more careful. 你本能够更细心的。3 “cant/couldnt+ have done”表“不可能做了某事”。例如：Without your help, I cant have made such great progress.没有你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。must和have to的用法1must和have to都表示“必须，不得不”。must强调主观性；have to

3、强调客观需要。must只用于一般现在时，而have to有更多的时态形式。例如：I must learn another language.（主观想法：我想要）I have to learn another language.（客观需要：我不得不）Itll have to be finished in two days.（have to用于将来时中）He has had to reconsider his position.（have to用于现在完成时）2两者的否定意义不同：mustnt表示“禁止；不可以”， 而dont have to表示“不必”，意思相当neednt。例如：You mus

4、tnt go. 你决不可以去。You dont have to go. 你不必去。3“must be +形容词或名词”表示对现在情况的肯定推测和判断；否定的推测用cant。例如：What he said must be true. 他说的一定是真的。What he said cant be true. 他说的不可能是真的。This must be Jims pen. 这一定是吉姆的笔。4“must+have done”表示对过去情况的肯定推测；“cant/couldnt+have done”则表示对过去情况的否定推测。例如：The ground is wet. It must have rai

5、ned last night.地面很湿，昨晚一定下过雨。He cant find his key. He must have left it in the car.他找不到钥匙了一定是丢在车上了。He cant have finished the work in such a short time.他不可能在这么短的时间内完成了这份工作。should和ought to的用法1两者都表示“应该”，但should语气比ought to重，在日常交际中多用should，表一般的忠告。ought to 否定形式为ought not to。You ought to respect the old. 你应

6、该尊重老人。You ought not to tell him about it. 你不应该告诉他那件事。2 “should/ought to+have done ”表示“过去本应该做某事而没有做”；否定式“shouldnt/ ought not to+have done”表“本不该做某事却做了”。例如：I should have finished the work earlier.我本应早点完成这项工作。His wife is selfish. He oughtnt to have married her.他的妻子很自私，他本不该娶她的。dare作情态动词和行为动词的用法1dare作情态动词

7、主要用在否定句和疑问句中，其否定式是“dare not+动词原形”表“敢；竟敢”。例如：She dare not speak in public. 她不敢在公众面前讲话。How da re you do such a thing? 你怎敢做这样的事？2dare作为行为动词时，肯定式为“dare to do sth.”，to可以省略；其否定式为“dont dare (to) do/ doesnt dare (to) do/ didnt dare (to) do”。例如：She dares (to) swim in that river. 她敢于在那条河里游泳。I dont dare (to) s

8、peak of it. 我不敢说那件事。need作情态动词和行为动词的用法1. need作情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定式为“neednt+动词原形”。 例如：2. You neednt do anything here. 3. 你在这里什么也不要做。You neednt go if you dont want to. 你不想去就不必去。You neednt do it at once, need you? 你不必马上做，是吗？2need作行为动词，其否定式为“dont need to do”。后面接动词不定式，表主动；接动名词表被动。例如：You dont need to do i

9、t yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。I need to tell them the news.我需要告诉他们这个消息。This table needs painting.=This table needs to be painted. 这张桌子需要刷新。情态动词的完成时和进行时1情态动词的完成时must + have done（一定做了） 推测过去情况的肯定发生了。may/ might + have done（也许做了）推测过去情况也许发生了。can/could + have done（本能够做了） 本能够做却没做。cant/ couldnt + have done（不可能做了） 推测

10、过去情况不可能发生。should/ ought to + have done（本该做了） 过去本应该发生的而未发生。shouldnt / oughtnt to + have done（本不该做了）过去本不应该发生的而发生了。neednt + have done（本不必做了） 本不必做的事却做了。2情态动词的进行时must be doing一定在做某事。may be doing可能在做某事。cant be doing不可能在做某事。shouldnt be doing不应该在做某事公外真题解析1.You_me because I didnt say that. ( 2002-29 )A. must

11、 misunderstand B. must be understanding C. must have understood D. had to misunderstand2. Without his wise mother, he _ such a successful scientist.A. would not become B. should not have becomeC. may not have become D. could not have become3. Go and get some water, _?(2003)A. dont you B. shall you C

12、. cant you D. wont you4. I _ a little earlier, but 1 met a friend of mine on the way. (2006-23)A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived5. I didnt see him at the meeting yesterday afternoon. He_it. (2006-42)A. mustnt attend B. can t have attendedC. wouldnt have attended

13、D. needn t have attended6. You _ me because I didnt say that.(2007)A. must understand B. must be understandingC. must have understood D. had to misunderstand7. Im not surprised you failed the exam. You _have worked harder. (2008-21)A. should B. must C. would D. ought8. You _not have seen her yesterd

14、ay, for she was abroad. (2009-12)A. must B. should C. could D. would9. He must have stayed up late last night, _he?(2011)A. mustnt B. neednt C. hasnt D. didnt10. Lets put the matter to the vote and not waste our time arguing about it, _? (2012)A. shall we B. can we C. may I D. will you11. Im sorry t

15、hat he _ in such poor health.(2013)A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be1-5 CDDCB 6-11CACDAD专业情态动词真题：1. If you _ see Xiao Li in Beijing, please let him give me a call.A. would B. should C. will D. shall2. This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But you would become rich _.A. would you succeed B.

16、ought you to succeedC. might you succeed D. should you succeed3. Father said such a thing _ to happen yesterday.A. ought to be not allowed B. ought not to be allowedC. ought to be allowed not D. not ought to be allowed4. I didnt see him at the meeting yesterday afternoon. He _ it.A. mustnt attend B.

17、 cant have attended C. wouldnt have attended D. neednt have attended5. _you find yourself in a condition of being troubled or worried about some trifles, please cultivate a hobby.A. Could B. Should C. Might D. May6. He used to _ in the countryside.A. be living B. live C. living D. having lived7. Joh

18、n did very well in the exam. He _ very hard all these days.A. would have worked B. would work C. must work D. must have worked8. I wish to call on you tonight, _?A. have I B. may I C. dont I D. would I9. Search finding show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ have done

19、 during the day.(2007)A. may B. should C. could D. must10. Dont forget to walk the dog while I am away, _?A. will you B. do you C. shall you D. can you 11. But for the favorable weather, we _ in such a good harvest.(2008)A. cant get B. couldnt get C. couldnt have got D. could have got12. Without com

20、puters, we _ the tremendous medical advancement in the few decades.(2009)A. would not make B. will not have made C. could not make D. couldnt have made13. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day. (2010)A. must have done B. would have d

21、oneC. should have done D. may have done14. “You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” (2013) “No, office, I _. This car cant do more than 80.”A. couldnt have been B. may not have beenC. didnt need to be D. neednt have beenKeys:1-5BDBBB 6-10 BDBAA 11-14CDDA 三、模拟训练1. From the tears in N

22、erds eyes, we can deduce that something sad_.A. must have occurred B. would have occurredC. might be occurred D. should occur2. “Must we do it now?” “No, you_.”A. wont B. neednt C. mustnt D. dont3. You_read that article if you dont want to.A. havent B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt4. The teacher said tha

23、t the students_understand the problem very well.A. can B. could C. shall D. dare5. You_make up your mind right away.A. have not to B. not have to C. have to not D. dont have to6. He_be so impolite to your parents.A. should not B. can not C. ought to not D. may not7. He is afraid of his father; he_sp

24、eak to him.A. dare not B. dares not C. didnt dare D. can not8. I_get up early, but now I often miss my breakfast.A. must B. dare C. used to D. use to9. Smoking_in public.A. should be allowed not B. should be not allowedC. should not be allowed D. not should be allowed10. The children_while their par

25、ents are away.A. should take good care of B. should be taken good careC. should be taken good care of D. should taken good care11. “Bob translated the book into English.”“He_because he doesnt understand English.”A. cant have do that B. may not have done thatC. must have done that D. cant have done t

26、hat12. Why did he miss his English class yesterday? He_.A. can have forgotten about it B. may have forgotten about itC. may forget about it D. could have forgotten about it13. He left here at 5: 00 p.m. yesterday. He_by seven this morning.A. can have arrived B. may not arriveC. must have arrived D.

27、must arrive14. Mary was very unhappy last week. Susan_her the truth.A. can have told B. must have told C. may tell D. must tell15. You_with them. Why didnt you go?A. could have gone B. can go C. must have gone D. must go16. You_the examination if you had worked harder.A. can pass B. must pass C. cou

28、ld have passed D. may pass17. Its no wonder that he didnt pass his examination. He_.A. could study hard B. may not study hardC. must have studied hard D. should have studied hard18. This box is too heavy, _give me a hand?A. would you mind B. would you pleaseC. will you like to D. will you please to1

29、9. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we_ during the day. A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done20. Some women_a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

30、 A. would make B. must make C. could have made D. should have made21. If you _ see Xiao Li in Beijing, please let him give me a call. A. would B. should C. will D. shall22. This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But you would become rich _.A. would you succeed B. ought you to succeedC. might you succeed D. should you succeed23. Father said such a thing _ to happen yesterday.A. ought to be not allowed B. ought not to be allowedC. ought to be allowed not D. not ought to be allowed24._ you find yourself in a condition of being troubled or worried about some trifles, pleas