度专八改错真命题及答案解析.docx

度专八改错真命题及答案解析.docx

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度专八改错真命题及答案解析

2000年-2015年专八短文改错试题

日专业八级考试改错213月2015年WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow

______1.onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe

rink,myfriend'smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen

______2.given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy

vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”______3.wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that

______4.muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI

startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,and

tthey?

My

soaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren'______friend'smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.

expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.

Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly

______6.means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth

______newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.

ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave

______8.askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe

______aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.

speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,

butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.

______Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.

**

2014改错

Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguage

acquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950sto

early1960s.

Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions

（1）______

havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:

（2）______

lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe

samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?

（3）______

lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave（4）______

moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?

lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?

lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe（5）______

acquisitionofadditionallanguages?

lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe

learningofadditionallanguages?

Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall（6）______

theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave

onethingincommon:

Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring

ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（7）______

so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional

language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder（8）______

focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan

individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare

**

involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（9）______

oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe

classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（10）______

2013专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses

involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,

productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith

（1）_____

listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.

Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually

（2）______

happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.（3）______

Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,（4）______

younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional

circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity（5）______

involved:

ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;

ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced（6）______

theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if（7）______

wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;or

ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet

anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples（8）______

ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”

revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,（9）______

listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses

**

werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful（10）______

experimentstogetatwhatishappening.

2012年

Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.

Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst

（1）

______

centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19century,manywriters

thfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:

thespirit,nottheletter;the

（2）_______

sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot（3）_______

themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho（4）_______

wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19（5）_______thcentury,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat

thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage（6）_______

wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible（7）_______

gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas（8）_______

literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe（9）_______

extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.

Theargumentwastheoretical:

thepurposeofthetranslation,the

natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too

often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith

eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.（10）_____

**

2011年专八真题改错部分

Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew

thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1__________

seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso

withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2___________

soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.3___________

Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears4__________

oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For

thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped

disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5_____________

schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand

holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6_________

theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7________

beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords

andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8________

asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9________

ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously10________

intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand

boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst

poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally

**

completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,

everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1________________

thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2________________

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3________________

peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall

groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor

psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_____________

faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout

snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5______________

English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthose

sometimesmiscalled'primitive'）isinherentlymorepreciseand

subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6______________

inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis

simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7____________

environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8____________

fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich

Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9_____________

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage

couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture

orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.10____________

2009

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

**

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference

（1）___________

betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,

learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe

（2）___________

littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven（3）____________

grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand

transmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With（4）_____________

theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed（5）___________

onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses（6）_____________

betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon

forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive

years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeen

currentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit