高中英语语法一点通被动语态.docx
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高中英语语法一点通被动语态
高中英语语法一点通——被动语态
知识清单
1、语态的定义及分类
英语中的语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的主动关系还是被动关系，因此，语态可以进一步分为两大类：
主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的发出者，即主语和谓语之间是主动的关系；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，即主语和谓语之间是被动的关系。
二、被动语态的使用场合
1、不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.
2、强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
Thebiggestappleiseatenbyhisbrother.
3、避免更换主语，以求行文流畅。
Theprofessorcameinandwewelcomedhimwarmly.
三、被动语态的构成及各种时态形式
1、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词（及物动词）”，助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态的不同而变化。
在口语化的表达中，也可以用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。
Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.
2、被动语态的各种时态形式
动作时间
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
am/is/aredone
was/weredone
will/shallbedone
would/shouldbedone
进行
am/is/arebeingdone
was/werebeingdone
完成
have/hasbeendone
hadbeendone
will/shallhavebeendone
would/shouldhavebeendone
完成进行
4、主动语态变为被动语态
1、基本方法
2、双宾语结构变为被动语态
Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.
—Iwasboughtanewbike.
—Anewbikewasboughtforme.
Themangivesmealotofusefuladvice.
—Iamgivenalotofusefuladvice.
—Alotofusefuladviceisgiventome.
注：
常在间接宾语前用介词to的动词有：
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,show,take等；
间接宾语前用介词for的动词有：
build,buy,cook,cut,make,paint,play,sing等。
3、使役动词和感官类动词变为被动语态
使役动词make后常接动词原形作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo；感官类动词see/hear/watch/notice后接动词原形作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，动词原形需要变为动词不定式todo；后接现在分词作宾语补足语时，变为被动语态时，仍用现在分词作宾语补足语。
Theteachermadehimlistencarefullyinclass.
—Hewasmadetolistencarefullyinclass.
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
—Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
Isawtheboyfishingbythetiver.
—Theboywasseenfishingbytheriver.
Weheardthecouplequarrelingintheroom.
Thecouplewereheardquarrelingintheroom.
5、主动形式表示被动意义
1、“系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,become,prove,turn,stay,remain,get+形容词/名词”构成的系表结构。
Thesteelfeelscool.
Ithasgonebad.
2、一些后接副词well,easily或者置于can't,won’t之后等动词用来表示主语的属性和特征，这类动词有：
read,write,cut,sell,wash,clear,wear,open,cook,lock,dry。
Thebooksellswell.
Thiscoatdrieseasily.
Thedoorwon’topen.
3、want,require,need,deserve,worth等后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
Thebikeneedsrepairing.
=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.
Thebookisworthreading.
6、被动语态的常用句型
据说……Itissaidthat…（Peoplesaythat...）
据报导……Itisreportedthat…（Peoplereportthat...）
据推测……Itissupposedthat…（Peoplesupposethat...）
希望……Itishopedthat…（Peoplehopethat...）
众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…（Peopleknowthat...）
普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…（Peopleconsiderthat...）
Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad.
=Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.
=Peoplesaythathehasgoneabroad.
难点突破
英语中所有表示“发生”的动词都是不及物动词，都不可以用于被动语态，比如：
happen,takeplace,breakout,occur等。
Anaccidenthappenedlastnightinthestreet.
解题秘诀
熟练掌握被动语态的各种时态形式，对语态的考查往往结合时态，在解题时可以先确定语态，可根据题意，也可以根据动词的基本特点（不及物动词无被动、及物动词后不带宾语常用被动、及物动词后带有宾语应为主动）来判断动词主被动形式，然后再结合时态内容进行判断并做出正确选择。
易错题型
（）1.—Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_______.
—Ok.I’llputtheminthecupboard.
A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken
（）2.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven
（）3.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings____.
A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolen
B.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolen
C.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolen
D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen
（）4.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
—Notyet,therooms________.
A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting
C.arepaintedD.havebeenpainted
（）5.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays
A.designedB.hasbeendesigned
C.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned
（）6.Theaircompanygoingfrombadtoworse,theworkers_______hardlyenoughtomakealiving.
A.arepaidB.arepayingC.havepaidD.paid
（）7.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace;havesetup
D.weretakenplace;weresetup
（）8.Thesuit’sfinished,_______it?
A.doesn’tB.isn’tC.hasn’tD.has
（）9.Thesurfaceofthetable_______smoothenough.
A.hasn’tfeltB.doesn’tfeelC.isn’tfeelingD.isn’tfelt
（）10.Allthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwe’rereadytostart.
A.completedB.complete
C.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted
（）11.Thesekindsofshoes_______well.
A.werenotsoldB.won’tbesoldC.arenotsoldD.don’tsell
（）12.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.
A.requestB.willrequest
C.arerequestingD.arerequested
（）13.Whenthespeakerenteredthehall,allthelisteners________.
A.hadseatedB.wereseatedC.seatedD.wereseating
（）14.Don’tgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit________.
A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashing
C.isn’twashingoutD.doesn’twashout
（）15.—Ibelieveyoucouldhaveaskedmybrotherforhelpforheisverygoodatmaths.
—Really?
Oh,anight_________.Whynottellmeearlier?
A.iswastedB.hadwastedC.waswastedD.willwaste
（）16.Hesaidhewouldn’tmind________athome.
A.leavingaloneB.beingleftalone
C.tobeleftlonelyD.toleavealone
（）17.Tomwassaidto________Maryfor40years.
A.havebeenmarriedtoB.havemarriedwith
C.bemarriedD.marry
（）18.TheTVplay________lastnight.
A.wastiredoutmeB.tiredoutme
C.wastiredmeoutD.tiredmeout
（）19.Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
A.won'tdevelopB.aren'tdeveloped
C.don'tdevelopD.won'tbedeveloped
（）30.—Howaboutthebookonthemostfamousmusiciansofthatage?
—Oh,Mozart’sstory______well.
A.hasreadB.hasbeenread
C.readsD.wasread
（）31.Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
A.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployed
C.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed
（）32.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.
A.wouldbefinedB.willbefined
C.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined
（）33.Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofindit____.
A.tobebroken B.hadbrokeninto
C.wasbroken D.hadbeenbrokeninto
（）34.Theybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactory________.
A.willgreatlyincreaseB.wouldgreatlyincrease
C.wouldbeincreasedgreatlyD.willhavebeengreatlyincreased
（）35.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazineshe________.
A.hadlongbeenexpectedB.hadlongexpected
C.haslongexpectedD.waslongexpected
（）36.—Doyoulikethenewpen?
—Yes,it________verywell.
A.iswritten B.iswritingC.writes D.wrote
（）37.Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.
A.werejustunloadingB.werejustbeenunloading
C.hadjustunloadedD.werejustbeingunloaded
（）38.Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.
A.overcomesB.isovercome
B.C.hasbeenovercomeD.overcome
（）39.Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.
A.hadbeenwonB.iswonC.willbewonD.hasbeenwon
（）40.Theyoungteacherhas____competent.
A.beenprovedtobeB.provedtobe
C.beenprovedD.provedbeing
（）41.—Howareyoutoday?
—Oh,I________asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.
A.didn’tfeel B.wasn’tfeeling
C.don’tfeel D.haven’tfelt
（）42.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappened
C.ishappenedD.happened
（）43.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.
A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdeciding
C.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided
（）44.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.
A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdeciding
C.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided
（）45.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.
A.betakencareB.betakencareof
C.takecareD.takecareof
（）46.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.
A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had
（）47.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He________tryingtosaveachildinearthquake.
A.killed B.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling
（）48.Thenotice________“Nosmoking.”
A.iswrote B.readsC.writes D.isread
（）49.Goodcaremust________babiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.
A.take B.takeofC.betaken D.betakenof
（）50.Shortlyafterwe_____,awaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.
A.seated B.wereseated C.satourselves D.hadseated
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