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英语田艺林
2010年北京光明日报(考试)杂志高考研讨会讲座材料
主讲人田忆林
第一部分完型填空的解题方法
完形填空题在高考中占分值达到30分。
该试题对语法、词汇、阅读理解等多项语言运用能力都有所考查,是一道综合性很强,且难度较大的题。
因此,提高学生解答这道题的能力不仅至关重要,而且是一项长期的任务。
首先,我们必须研究完形填空题的命题特点和解题方法,因为,它既是教学的依据,也是提升能力的保证。
一、完形填空的选材
(1)以记叙文体为主,与学生的生活有一定的关联,立意积极向上,文字活泼、生动、富
有情感,有较强的欣赏性。
(2)文章难度低于高三课本中的课文,理解上基本上没有障碍,符合学生的认知水平。
全
文约350个单词,两个空的最小间隔为5个单词。
全文词汇量为故事中的细节提供了
足够多的信息,有助于学生对文章的理解。
二、完形填空的特点
(1)试题考点以实词为主,选项设置不考虑语法。
重在考查学生对常用词汇的运用能力和
辨析能力。
(2)侧重考查学生在语篇理解的层面上,通过上下文的逻辑关系来确定正确答案的能力。
(3)体现素质教育的理念,考查学生的生活经验和真情实感。
总之,最突出的特点是:
在考察学生语言基础知识的同时,考察其逻辑思维能力。
三、解完形填空题的方法
由于完形填空题突出考察对语篇的理解,因此,解题时通读全文,了解其大意是十分重要的。
(1)读文的方法:
细读首句,预测主题;跳读全文,领会大意;通读全文,试选答案;细读全文,推敲
难题;复读全文,调整答案。
(2)解题的方法:
把握全文明主线,固定搭配记心间,原词再现莫错过,上下求索是关键。
四、实例展示及分析
(1)
Mother’sBible
For12yearsaftermyfatherdied,mymotherlivedonaloneintheirlittlehousewithitsroses.Thenoneday,aftershewas84after
(1)lunchtomytwobrothers,whooftenpoppedinforabite,shehungherapron(围裙)behindthedoorandwentto
(2)myfather.
Shehadnotbeenfeelingwellforweeks,andIamsureshesensedthatshewasgoing.Shehad(3)quiteafewpreparations,includingleavinghandwritten(4)inthesmallBibleshealwaysused,wherewe’dbesuretofindthem.Themostimportantthinginhermind,(5),wassomethingshehadbeenabletodolittleabout.Twomembersofthefamilyhadbeenfighting–oneofthose(6)betweengrownchildrenthat
(7)aparentapart.Shehadweptoverit,prayedoverit,butthe(8)werefarfromhealed.
Nowthehousewassilentandthe(9)seemedforgotten.Therewassomuchtobedonethattherewere
simplynotimeforquarrelsandfights.(10),eveninthefaceofdeath,the(11)refusedtostandapart.Soon,thetenseinthehouse(12).
Then,thatsecondnight,wesawmother’sheavyoldfamilyBibleonthetablebythebookcase.Whileitwas
(13)withrecords,thatBiblehadlongagobeenignoredonthebookshelf.Yethereitlay,onthetablethathadbeenclearedand(14)!
Whohadtakenitdown?
Weconsultedwithoneanother.Noonehadbeenthere.ButtheBiblehadsimplyappeared.Therewasno(15)forit.
Withouta(16),everyonesatdown,andmysisteropenedthebookatits(17)andbegantoreadfromJohn.Afterawhile,she(18)andlookedaround,saying,“Look!
Thisplaceisalsomarked.”
“Littlechildren,thereislittletimewhenIamwithyou.IknowsoonIwillbewithyourfather.Doremember:
nevercometoseekme.Iwishyouwouldloveoneanother(19)Ihavetoldyou.”
Mysistercouldn’tgoonandthetwowhohadbeenfightingheldontoeachother’shands.Thentheyhadatighthugasifnevertoletgo.
Thepeacetheymadethatnightwasto(20).ItwasMother’spassingthatspannedtheirestrangement(疏远).Thebridgeofdeathbecamethebridgeoflove.
1.A.sendingB.preparingC.cookingD.serving
2.A.joinB.seeC.findD.call
3.A.takenB.madeC.neededD.set
4.A.suggestionsB.conclusionsC.instructionsD.explanations
5.A.otherwiseB.insteadC.thoughD.moreover
6.A.attemptsB.accessesC.faultsD.conflicts
7.A.tellB.takeC.tearD.set
8.A.strugglesB.problemsC.woundsD.results
9.A.worriesB.scenesC.signsD.troubles
10.A.HoweverB.ActuallyC.MeanwhileD.Obviously
11.A.problemB.gapC.guiltyD.phenomenon
12.A.appearedB.grewC.increasedD.rose
13.A.coveredB.filledC.writtenD.armed
14.A.checkedB.signedC.markedD.dusted
15.A.explanationB.preparationC.arrangementD.problem
16.A.breakB.wordC.panicD.question
17.A.beginningB.middleC.markerD.cover
18.A.pausedB.remindedC.screamedD.sighed
19.A.becauseB.asC.whenD.though
20.A.expandB.goC.keepD.last
这篇短文选自于原版英文杂志,语言地道、易懂,情节感人,立意积极向上,贴近学生生活。
而且,设空精致,有很强的逻辑性。
做完后,使人回味无穷。
是一篇不可多得的好文章。
下面从语言运用及逻辑推理二个方面来简析这篇完形填空题。
(1)词汇运用及辨析
例1:
For12yearsaftermyfatherdied,mymotherlivedonaloneintheirlittlehousewithitsroses.Thenoneday,
aftershewas84after
(1)lunchtomytwobrothers,whooftenpoppedinforabite,shehungherapron
(围裙)behindthedoorandwentto
(2)myfather.
Shehadnotbeenfeelingwellforweeks,andIamsureshesensedthatshewasgoing.Shehad
(3)quiteafewpreparations,includingleavinghandwritten(4)inthesmallBibleshealways
used,wherewe’dbesuretofindthem.
第1空考查动词的搭配:
servesomethingtosomebody。
第3空也是在考查动词的搭配:
makesomepreparations。
例2:
Twomembersofthefamilyhadbeenfighting–oneofthose(6)betweengrownchildrenthat(7)
aparentapart.Shehadweptoverit,prayedoverit,butthe(8)werefarfromhealed.
第7空考查动词的搭配及辨析:
tellsb/sthapart分辨两个人或两个事物;
takesb/sthapart严厉批评某人或某事物;
setsb/sthapart使某人或某事物显得优越或独特
tearsb/sthapart使某人难过;把某物撕掉
第8空考查动宾搭配:
Thewoundisn’tyethealed.
由此,做好完形填空题的必要前提是:
加强词汇的学习,重视积累和记忆。
只有具备了扎实的语言基本功,
才能把语言与应用结合起来。
(2)篇章意识及逻辑判断
例1:
Shehadnotbeenfeelingwellforweeks,andIamsureshesensedthatshewasgoing.Shehad
(3)quiteafewpreparations,includingleavinghandwritten(4)inthesmallBibleshealways
used,wherewe’dbesuretofindthem.Themostimportantthinginhermind,(5),wassomethingshe
hadbeenabletodolittleabout.Twomembersofthefamilyhadbeenfighting–oneofthose(6)
betweengrownchildrenthat
第4空的设置目的是考查学生的篇章意识;而第5、6空旨在考查学生根据上下文进行
逻辑判断的能力。
在倒数第3段,我们读到一段母亲写在圣经中的一句话:
“Littlechildren,thereislittletimewhenI
amwithyou.IknowsoonIwillbewithyourfather.Doremember:
nevercometoseekme.Iwishyouwould
loveoneanotherasIhavetoldyou.”由此,我们推断出:
妈妈的教诲。
应该选择“instructions”
一词。
第5空从上下文的逻辑意义来看,应该含有转折的意义。
应该选择“however”一词。
第6空可则从“Twomembersofthefamilyhadbeenfighting.”一句中推断出答案“conflicts”。
例2:
Withouta(16),everyonesatdown,andmysisteropenedthebookatits(17)andbegantoread
fromJohn.Afterawhile,she(18)andlookedaround,saying,“Look!
Thisplaceisalsomarked.”
第16空的正确选应从第3段“Nowthehousewassilentandthetroublesseemedforgotten.Therewas
Somuchtobedonethatthereweresimplynotimeforquarrelsandfights.”
以及前一段“Whohadtakenitdown?
Weconsultedwithoneanother.Noonehadbeenthere.ButtheBible
hadsimplyappeared.Therewasnoexplanationforit.”中获得。
答案应为B。
这道题在文章中跨度大,
要求有较强的驾驭全文的能力。
第17空的线索是:
Afterawhile,shepausedandlookedaround,saying,“Look!
Thisplaceis
alsomarked.”因此,她是在有记号的地方打开圣经的。
正确的选项
为“marker”。
本文的参考答案:
1-5DABCC6-10DCCDA11-15ABBDA16-20BCABD
通过以上的分析,我们可以看到:
完形填空题的命题趋势和特点始终遵循着考试大纲的宗旨,始终把考查学生的语言基础知识和提升其灵活运用的能力作为终极目标。
这就给我们提出了更新、更高的要求。
因此,更新观念,探究教法,回归基础,培养能力应该成为每一位教师的首要任务。
实例展示及分析
(2)
ItwasacoldSaturdaymorning.Anoldmanwalkedslowlyintothe
(1).Withshouldersbentforward,heleanedonhistrustystickwitheach
(2)step.
Hisshabbyclothesandwarmpersonalitymadehim(3)outfromtheusualbreakfastcrowd.Unforgettablewerehiseyesthatshonelikediamondandthinlips(4)inasteadysmile.
AyoungwaitressnamedMary(5)himdragtowardsatablebythewindow.Sheranovertohim,andsaid,“Here,sir.Letmegiveyoua(6)withthatchair.”
Withoutsayingaword,hesmiledand(7).Shepulledthechairawayfromthetable.Steadyinghimwithonearm,shehelpedhimgetcomfortably(8).Thenshemovedthetableupclosetohim,andleanedhis(9)againstthetablewherehecouldreachit.
Inasoft,clearvoice,hesaid,“Thankyouforyour(10).”
“You’rewelcome,sir.”Shereplied(11).“AndmynameisMary.I’llbebackinamoment,and(12)youneedanythingatallinthemeantime,justwaveatme!
”
Afterhehadfinishedhisbreakfast,Marybroughthimthechangefromhisticket.Thenshe
(13)himoutfrombehindthetable.Shehandedhimhisstick,andwalked(14)himtothefrontdoor.Holdingthedooropenforhim,shesaid,“Comebackandseeus,sir!
”
Heturnedwithhiswholebodyandnoddedwitha(15)smile.“Youareverykind,”hesaidsoftly.
WhenMarywenttocleanhistable,shewas(16)tofindthatunderhisplatetherewasabusinesscardandanoteonanapkin.Underthenapkinwasaonehundreddollarbill!
Thenoteonthenapkin(17),“DearMary,Irespectyouverymuch,andyourespectyourselftoo.Itshowsbythewayyou(18)others.Youhavefoundthesecretofhappiness.Yourkindgestureswill(19)throughthosewhomeetyou.”
Thenextdayshewastoldthatthemanshehad(20)onwastheowneroftherestaurantwhereshewasworking.(358words)
1.A.restaurantB.shopC.hospitalD.bank
2.A.bigB.quickC.urgentD.unhurried
3.A.getB.lookC.standD.keep
4.A.heldB.madeC.remainedD.put
5.A.feltB.noticedC.discoveredD.realized
6.A.tableB.cushionC.placeD.hand
7.A.noddedB.obeyedC.satD.hesitated
8.A.movedB.stayedC.seatedD.rested
9.A.chairB.spoonC.stickD.plate
10.A.quicknessB.kindnessC.clevernessD.politeness
11.A.happilyB.sadlyC.nervouslyD.vaguely
12.A.untilB.thoughC.becauseD.if
13.A.calledB.helpedC.tookD.made
14.A.byB.aroundC.withD.towards
15.A.confidentB.gratefulC.relievedD.delicate
16.A.embarrassedB.satisfiedC.disappointedD.astonished
17.A.readB.toldC.wroteD.showed
18.A.pleaseB.admireC.followD.treat
19.A.passB.shineC.goD.pull
20.A.dependedB.servedC.waitedD.agreed
实例展示及分析(3)
LetYourLightShine
Inasmalltownfaraway,ayoungmanstartedhisownbusiness–adimestore(廉价杂货店)atthecorne