湖南版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十七 阅读理解.docx

湖南版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十七 阅读理解.docx

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湖南版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十七阅读理解

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专题检测卷（二十七）

阅读理解

（建议用时：

25分钟）

A

体裁

议论文

话题

性格和行为的成因

词数

369

（2013·潍坊模拟）

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined（注定）tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（somethingthathelpssb./sth.todevelopbetterandmorequickly）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem　　　.

A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdiffer

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”argument

2.Theunderlinedword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby　　　.

A.approachesB.advocates

C.principlesD.characters

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsareshowedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstincts.

4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyagreethatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores　　　.

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areadisplayoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredity

B

体裁

议论文

话题

教育孩子

词数

291

　　Whenachildistoldheis“uncool”,itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn’tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose.Butthesearesimplywaystohandlesadnessbypretendingit’snotthere.

Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhadtobecareful.Ifyousay,“Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?

Itdoesn’tmatter!

”Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,“I’mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool.”

Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild’spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.

Therearethingsth