全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题及参考答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题及参考答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题及参考答案

全国研究生研究生入学考试英语

（一）试题及参照答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

    Directions:

        Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

        AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But---__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

        __6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

        Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

        Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

        1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

        2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

        3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

        4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

        5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

        6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

        7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

        8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

        9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

        10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

        11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

        12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

        13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

        14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

        15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

        16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

        17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

        18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

        19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

        20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

    SectionIIReadingComprehension

        PartA

        Directions:

        Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

        Text1

    ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

        Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

        Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

        Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

        Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

        21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

        [A]incurredcriticism.

        [B]raisedsuspicion.

        [C]receivedacclaim.

        [D]arousedcuriosity.

        22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

        [A]influential.

        [B]modest.

        [C]respectable.

        [D]talented.

        23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

        [A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

        [B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

        [C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

        [D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

        24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

        [A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

        [B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

        [C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

        [D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

        25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

        [A]doubtful.

        [B]enthusiastic.

        [C]confident.

        [D]puzzled.

        Text2

        WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

        McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

        Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

        Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

        Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupinwithambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

        Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

        26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

        [A]arrogant.

        [B]frank.

        [C]self-centered.