American and English.docx

American and English.docx

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AmericanandEnglish

Abstract

AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharetwobranchesofEnglishlanguage.Asthecarrieroftheirowncultures,thedistinctionofthesetwolanguagesoriginamongtheirdifferenthistories,politics,economy,geography,sociallifeandcivilisation,andpresentinthelinguisticlevelssuchaspronuciation,vocabularyandgrammar.Generallyspeaking,AmericanEnglishismoreconcisethanBritishEnglish.ThesimplificationinAmericanEnglishfromBritishEnglishisveryobviousinthespellingofthewords.Meanwhile,theexpessionofAmericanEnglishismoreunconstrainedthanBritishEnglish,whichismoreclearinoralspeaking.BritishEnglishalsohaveitsownevolutionandchange,notsodistinctbutdifferentfromAmericanEnglish.TwovariantsofEnglishhaveagreatinfluenceondailylifeandsociety.UndertheeffectoftheadvanceandwildlyspreadofAmericanpolitcs,economyandculture,AmericanEnglishalsohasagreatimpactonotherEnglishbranchesencludingBritishEnglish,andtheUnitedKingdomhavestartedfromatraditionalEnglishexportertoanimporter.BecauseofthecloserrelatinshipbetweenthetwoEnglishlanguage,thecharacteristicsofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareconverging.Englishasonekindofworldlanguage,isthetoolforinformationexchangeandfeedback,andincreasinglydemonstrateditsimportantpositionininternationalexchanges.KnowingthedifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishwouldhelpustodeepenourunderstandingaboutEnglishlanguageandtreatthedifferentEnglishusercorrectly.

Keywords:

BritishEnglish,AmericanEnglish,differiences

摘要

英式英语和美式英语是英语的两个分支。

作为它们各自的文化载体，由于其拥有各自的发展历史，不同的政治、经济和地理环境，以及不同的文化和社会生活，造成这两种语言在一些语言学层面，诸如发音，词汇和语法上存在一定的差异。

一般而言，美式英语比英式英语更简洁明了。

美式英语对英语的简化在词汇拼写上尤为突出。

同时，美式英语在表达上也更加灵活，尤其在口语中更是如此。

英式英语本身也经历了进化和演变，不像美式英语那么明显，同时也和美语有所区别。

英式英语和美式英语，这两种英语变体都对当今日常生活和社会造成影响。

由于现在美国在政治、经济、文化等诸多方面的优势和对世界的广泛影响，美式英语对包括英式英语在内的其他英语分支都所影响，而英国则开始从原来传统意义上的语言文化输出国逐渐变成输入国。

随着这两种英语的关系越来越密切，它们之间的界限也越来越模糊。

英语作为一种世界语言，已经成为了信息交换的和反馈的重要工具，在国际交流中的地位逐渐凸显。

了解英式英语和美式英语的差异可以帮助我们加深对英语的认识，也可以使我们更恰当的同不同英语使用者进行交流。

关键字：

英式英语、美式英语、差异

Contents

abstract…………………………………..………………………………………..…1

摘要…………………………………..………………………………………..…..2

I.Introduction…………………………………………………………...…….……4

II.HistoriesofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish…………………………...5

2.1HistoryofBritishEnglish..................................................................................5

2.2HistoryofAmericanEnglish..............................................................................6

III.DifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish...........................6

3.1ThesourceandcharacteristicofthedifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish....................................................................................................6

3.2Aspectofgrammar............................................................................................8

3.3Aspectofvocabulary.........................................................................................9

3.3.1Themeaningofwords.............................................................................9

3.3.2Thespelling...........................................................................................10

3.4Aspectofpronunciation...................................................................................11

IV.ThetrendofthedevelopmentofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish........12

V.Conclusion..............................................................................................................13

Acknowlegements.......................................................................................................14

Bibliography...............................................................................................................15

BriefAnalysisofthedifferencesBetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

I.Introduction

FormostoftheCollegestudentsjustlikeuswhobegantoacceptEnglishlanguageeducationfromlastcentury,Englishisjustonesinglelanguage,justasourownMandarinChinese.Evennow,aswehavealreadyknownthatwhatwelearnedfromourmiddleschoolisactuallyBritishEnglish,andInmoderntimes,Englishlanguagehasbecamethemostpapularlanguage.Ithasbeenusedin172countriesandareas.ItisusedinSomecountries,suchasGreatBritan,UnitedStates,Canada,andAustralia,astheirmotherlanguage.Formanyothercountiesandareas,justlikeIndia,HongKang,thePilippines,SouthAfrica,etc.Englishisconsideredtobetheofficallanguage.LikeChinese,Englishlanguagealsovariesfromareatoareaandhasmanydefferentdialectsandbranches.EachbranchofEnglishhassomespecificfeaturesandisdifferentfromothers.onlyfewofuscantellthedifferencesbetweenthem.Atpresent,UnitedStateshasbecamethemosteffectivecountryineconomic,politic,andtechnologicalarea,andhasspreaditscultureamongeverycorneroftheglobe;andAmericanEnglishhasalsoplayedaveryimportantroleintheinternationalcommunicationatthesametime.So,knowledgesaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish,whichwebuiltourEnglishlanguagesystemon,andthesourceofthisdifferences,thedistinctcultureofthistwocountries,isveryrequisiteforuswhotakesEnglishasourmajor.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish,astwobranchesononetree,havedevelopthemselveswithdifferentgeographicalenvironmentanddiverseculture.AlthoughonthebasisofthesameLanguage,theyhavegotsomeuniquefeaturesineachlanguagesystem.Thosewordsbelowwillfristintroducethehistoryofthistwolanguagessimply,thenanalyzethedifferencebetweentheminpronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar,andAtlastitwilldiscussthetrendsoftheirdevelopmentsandinmoderntimes.

II.HistoriesofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

2.1HistoryofBritishEnglish

ThefirstbeginningofEnglishlanguageisintheyearsduring5thcenturyAD,whenthreeGermanictribes,theAngles,TheSaxonsandtheJutes,invadedBritain,andtheirlanguagebegantotaketheplaceoftheinhabitants'andbecametheearliestversionofEnglish.

AfterthatBritishEnglishcomethroughthreemainperiods,oldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.TheoldEnglishperiodisfrommid-5thcenturytomid-12thcentury.TheoldEnglish,whichisspokenbytheseGermanictribes,hadagrammarsimilarinmanywaystoClassicalLatin,andwasmuchclosertomodernGermanthanmodernEnglishinmostrespects,includingitsgrammar.

TheMiddleEnglishperiodbeganinmid-12thcentury,asWilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,invadedandconqueredEngland.ThenewconquerorswhowerenamedNormansbringtheirownlanguage,akindofFrench,toEngland.Forapartoftimetherewasakindoflinguisticclassdivision,wherethelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperspokeFrench.AndwhenEnglishbecamedominantagain,itgotgreatchanges.ComparewitholdEnglish,manywordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatinappearandthegrammarwasverydifferenttoo.thisperiodMiddleEnglishisfullydevelopedasaliterarylanguagebythesecondhalfofthe14thcentury.LateMiddleEnglishandthetransitiontoEarlyModernEnglishtakesplaceintheearly15thcentury.

thethirdperiod,ModernEnglishperiodcameinthebeginningfo15thcenturywithagreatchangewhichiscalled"GreatVowelShift"happened.TheGreatVowelShiftwasamajorchangeinthepronunciationoftheEnglishlanguagethattookplaceinEnglandbetween1350and1500,andwasthinkofoneofthehistoricaleventsmarkingtheseparationofMiddleandModernEnglish.Meanwhile,intheperiod,throughcolonisationbytheBritishEmpire,manynewvocabularywasbroughtinEnglishandtheEnglishlanguagewasadoptedinregionsaroundtheworld,suchasNorthAmerica,India,Africa,AustraliaandNewZealandetc.AmericanEnglishwasbornatthattime.

2.2HistoryofAmericanEnglish

HistoryofAmericanEnglishbeganinthe1607whenthefirstgroupof120BritishcolonistscametotheNorthAmericancontinentcrosstheAtlanticOcean.AmongtheEnglishcolonistsfristmigratingtothenewcontinenttherearemanygraduatesfromOxfordandCambridgewhobroughttheElizabethanEnglish,theEarlyModernEnglishusedbyShakespeare,MiltonandBanyan.Tilltheendofthecolonialperiod,thepopulationofAmericanumberedabout4millionpeople,and90pecentofitwasfromBritain.However,inthebeginningof19thcentury,alotofAmericanpeoplestillconsideredtheBritishEnglishasthemostauthenticandelegantlanguage.ThisconditionchangedbehindtheywontheWarofIndependence,someAmericanwisemenarguedthattheAmericanshouldbeproudoftheirowncultureandlanguage,andbegantoregardAmercanEnglishastheirownlanguge.TheimportantsymbolethatAmericanEnglishbecameaindependentlanguagebranchagainsttheBritishEnglishisthepublishingofthe“AmericanDictionaryofEnglishLanguage”in1828

III.DifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

3.1ThesourceandcharacteristicofthedifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

BeforetheColonistscame,theNorthAmericacontinenthadbeeninhabitedbytheAmericanindianwiththeirownlanguageandculture,and100yearbehandthat,therecamethecolonistsandimmgrantsfromFrance,Spain,German,andtheblackslavesfromthedistantAfrica,andintheyearsfollowing,theimmigrationfromeverycorneroftheworldtotheUnitedstateswasneverinterrupted.Inabrandnewcontinent,combingwiththelanguageandcultureoftheRedIndians,thecolonistsfromtheEuropeancountriesthusasFrance,Spain,Germanetc.andtheslavescomingfromA