四级改革后到15年阅读真题及答案.docx
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四级改革后到15年阅读真题及答案
四级改革后到15年12月阅读真题及答案
1.PassageOne
Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.
AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and–withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.
From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse‘slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.
Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.
Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.
Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.
57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?
A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.
B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.
C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.
D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.
58.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?
A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.
B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.
C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.
D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.
59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof_______.
A)economicgrowth
B)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor
C)wastefuluseofenergy
D)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology
60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,________.
A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation
B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse
C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming
D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems
61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?
A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.
B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology
C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.
D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.
PassageTwo
Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.
Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?
Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.
Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.
Thekeyquestionis:
Doesthatmatter?
WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”
Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠券).
Butprivacydoesmatter–atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:
Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.
62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3-4,Para.2)?
A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.
B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.
C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.
D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.
63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?
A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.
B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.
C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.
D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.
64.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”(Line5,Para.3)?
A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.
B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.
C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.
D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.
65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?
A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.
B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.
C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.
D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.
66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat________.
A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit
B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood
C)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelost
D)peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit
2.PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:
youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.
Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.
“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”
Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.
TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.
“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”
Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.
“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible(不可战胜的)”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.
Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.
“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.
Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:
itiscalledprematuredeath.”
57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?
A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.
B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.
C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.
D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.
58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?
A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen
B.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen
C.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdanger