届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练4阅读理解科技类.docx

届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练4阅读理解科技类.docx

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届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练4阅读理解科技类

1、   Anexperimentalclean-updevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy（仿真的）satellite,simulatingatechniquethatcouldoneclaycollectspacebornegarbage.

   Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspaceclean-uptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:

junkinspace.

   Millionsofpiecesofspacejunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecritical（严重的）damage.

   Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.

   TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.’sSurreySpaceCentreandincludesAirbus, Airbus-ownedSurrey SatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFiance’sArianeGroup.

   GuglielmoAglietti,directoroftheSurreySpaceCentre,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRIStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebris（碎片）canbedraggedoutoforbits.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,including deadsatellitesupto10meterslong.

   TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecoiningmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.

   Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalclean-uptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.

   Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said,"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewclean-uptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.

1.WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?

A.Disposingofspacewastes.B.Demonstratingspacetechnology.

C.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.D.Solvingseriousjunkproblems.

2.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRISsatellitework?

A.Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbits.

B.Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.

C.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.

D.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sponsor”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.

4.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ACriticalIssue:

JunkinSpace

B.HowRemoveDEBRISIsDeveloped

C.WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented

D.RemoveDEBRISCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime

2、Changingtechnologystimulates（刺激）thebrainandincreasesintelligence.Butthatmayonlybetrueifthetechnologychallengesus.Inaworldrunbyintelligentmachines,ourlivescouldgetalotsimpler.Wouldthatmakeuslessintelligent?

AftertheIndustrialRevolution,machinesbegantoreplacemanualworkers.Theprocessplayedoutinagricultureaswellasmanufacturingsothatgroupsofagriculturalworkerswerereplacedandforcedtomovetocitiestomakealiving.

Whenmachinestookawaymuchofthemanualwork,peoplebecamelessphysicallyactiveandgainedweight.Thesedentary（久坐的）lifestylecontributedtoaworldwidespreadingofoverweightandrelatedmetabolicdisorderssuchasheartdisease,secondarydiabetesandkidneydisease.

Asourbodiesrested,ourbrainswereforcedtoworkharder,however.Itismuchmoredifficulttodrivethroughanovercrowdedmoderncitythanitistomovearoundinasmallruralvillage,forinstance.Modernjobsarealsomorecomplexandurgentandtheyrequiremoreeducationbecauseemployeesneedtoprocessnewinformationquickly.Evenduringourleisuretime,ourbrainsworkharderduetogreateravailabilityofbooksandexplosionofaudiovisualmedia,forentertainment,study,music,news,andsoforth.

NowintheInternetage,theamountofinformationgrowsfastalongwiththeadvanceofelectronictechnologies.ThenumberofpeoplewithwhomweinteractelectronicallygrowsbyleapsandboundsthankstotheeaseofuseofsocialmedialikeFacebookandTwitter.

Allofthisextraworkforourbrainsmakesusmoreintelligent.Thathelpsexplainwhyhumanintelligenceincreasessteadilyfromgenerationtogenerationinalldevelopedcountries,aphenomenonnamedtheFlynnEffect.Ofcourse,thereareotherreasons,includingimprovednutrition,bettermedicalpracticesthatreducebraindamage,andimprovedsanitationandpublichealththatreducediseasesofchildhood.

IntheP.GWodehousenovels,BertieWoostergotawaywithbeingafoolbecauseJeeveswastheretobackhimupwithsuperiorbrainpower.Similarly,peopleofthefutureareatriskofbeinglessintelligentbecausemachineswilldotheirthinkingforthem.

Artificialintelligenceistakingovermanyhumanjobs.Forinstance,planesarebeingflownmuchofthetimebyautomaticpilots.Moreover,thecomplexproblemofcontrollingairtrafficaroundlargemodernairportsisalsoachievedbyartificialintelligencethatoperateswellbeyondthecapabilityofmerehumanairtrafficcontrollers.

Artificialintelligenceexistsinmanyfieldsofmodernlifeforthesimplereasonthatintelligentmachinescanalreadyoutperformhumans,includingsomeaptitudes（天资）whichwereoncethoughttobeahumanadvantage,suchasplayingchessorrecallingdetailsinagameofJeopardy.

Machineintelligenceisincreasingmuchfasterthanhumanintelligence.Asmachinesgetsmarter,theywilldomoreofourthinkingforusandmakelifeeasier.

Insteadofstrugglingtoidentifyourselvestosomeelectronicsystemviapasswordsthataresecureonlyiftheyarehardtoremember,thesystemwillworkhardertoidentifyususingbiometrics（生物测定学）suchasfingerprintsoreventheindividualsoundofourhearts.Moretechnologiesofthefuturemayalsobevoice-activatedsothatwewilltalkwithmachinesmuchaswewouldtalktoafriend.

Inthefuture,theelectronicassistantwilldeveloptothepointwhereitservessimilarfunctionsasareallivingchiefmaleservantofahouse,fulfillingrequestssuchas:

“OrganizeadinnerpartyforsixonThursday,Jeeves,andinvitetheusualguests.”

Atthatpoint,ourlongstrugglewithchallengingtechnologiesisatanend.LikeBertieWooster,wecantakeiteasyknowingthatthehardworkofplanningandorganizingisbeingdonebyabetterbrain—theelectronicassistant.Starvedofmentaleffort,ourbrainswillreturntoanearlierorlessadvancedform.

Thefutureisstillinthefog.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theIndustrialRevolutionledto________.

A.thedevelopmentofeducationB.thespreadofdiseasesintheworld

C.alifestyleofbeingphysicallyactiveD.people’sphysicalandmentalproblems

2.TheFlynnEffectreferstothephenomenonthat________.

A.extraworkcanstimulateourbrain

B.humansarebecomingsmarterandsmarter

C.thechangeinhumanintelligenceissteady

D.peopleindevelopedcountrieshavehigherintelligence

3.ThewritergavetheexampleofBertieWoostertotellus________.

A.thepossibilityofhumans'becominglessintelligent

B.theriskofmachines'destroyingtheworld

C.theendofchallengespeoplefaceinlife

D.thepowerfulfunctionsoftechnologies

4.Whyisartificialintelligencepopularinourlife?

A.Itcanimproveandupdateitself.B.Itcantakeadvantageofhumans.

C.Itcandomuchbetterthanhumans.D.Itcandealwithabstractinformation.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatelectronicsystems________.

A.willmaketroubleinourdailylife

B.willfunctionasthemasterofhumans

C.willbecomemoreuser-friendlyinthefuture

D.willbedesertedbecauseoftheirinconvenience

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Thefutureisbrightduetoartificialintelligence.

B.Willmachinesreplacemanualworkers?

C.Humanswilldevelopelectronicassistants.

D.Canartificialintelligencemakeusstupid?

3、Haveyouevernoticedthatafterabout6monthsyourperfectlynew1,000dollarsmartphonebeginstoslowdown?

WhatifItoldyouthatit'sasalesstrategythatprettymuchallphonecompaniesusetoforcepeopleintobuyingnewphones?

Inlate2015,whenLisaYoungwasinchargeofiOSsecurityandbetasoftwaretestingteams,herbossrevealedadarksecrettoher,sayingthattheywereusinganewstrategythatwouldpurposelyslowdownolderphoneseverytimethephonewouldupgradetothelatestoperatingsystem.Thisnewmethodwouldforcecustomerstobuythelatestphonemodel,increasingsalesby70%.

Shewasalittledisturbedtohearthenews,butshejustkeptherheaddownandcontinuedtodoherjob.Afterawhile,theguiltofbeinginvolvedwithsuchashadysalesmodelstartedtoweighheavilyonher."Howcouldamulti-billiondollarcorporationcontinuetotakeadvantageofthepubliclikethis?

"shethought.InMarchof2017,shecontactedareporterfromCNNtofinallyleaktheinformationconcerningAppleslowingdownphones.

Thescandal（丑闻）wentviralovernight,andeverymediaoutletintheworld,ineverylanguagewastalkingaboutit,makingitoneofthebiggestcontroversiesinconsumerelectronicshistory.Aweeklater,shewassecretlyletgoafterher8yearsofservice.Althoughshewastakingahugeriskgoingagainstoneofthemostpowerfulcorporationsintheworld,shefeltasenseofreliefexposingit.Thepublicdeservedtoknowandthefearbecamehermotivationtofindawaytodestroytheirshadysalesmodel.

Severalofhercolleagueswerefiredwithher.Theyquietlyunited,andafterayearofextensiveresearchtheydesignedau