高中英语阅读理解1.docx

高中英语阅读理解1.docx

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高中英语阅读理解1

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Mostadultsfindithardtorecalleventsfromtheirfirstfewyearsoflifeandnowscientistshavefoundexactlywhenthesechildhoodmemoriesfade（消失）.

   Anewstudyhasfoundthatmostthree-year-oldscanrecallalotofwhathappenedtothemoverayearearlier,andthesememoriespersistwhiletheyarefiveandsix,butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.

   Mostchildrenbytheageofeightorninecanonlyrecall35%oftheirexperiencesfromundertheageofthree,accordingtothenewfindings.

   Thescientistsbehindtheresearchsaythisisbecauseataroundthisagethewayweformmemoriesbeginstochange.Theysaythatbeforetheageofsevenchildrendonothaveasenseoftimeandplaceintheirmemories.Inolderchildren,however,theearlyeventstheycanrecalltendtobemoreadult-likeinthewaytheyareformed.Childrenalsohaveafarfasterrateofforgettingthanadults.Thefindingsalsohelptoexplainwhychildrencanoftenhaveclearmemoriesofeventsbutthenforgetthemjustacoupleofyearslater.

   Theyoungstersfirstvisitedthelaboratoryattheageofthreeanddiscussedsixuniqueeventsfromtheirpast,suchasfamilyoutings,tripstothezoo,andthefirstdayofschool.Thechildrenthenreturnedforasecondsessionbetweentheagesoffiveandninetodiscussthesameevents.Theresearchersfoundthatbetweentheagesoffiveandseven,theamountofmemoriesthechildrencouldrecallremainedbetween63-72percent.However,theamountofinformationeight-tonine-year-oldchildrencouldrecalldroppedto35and36percent.

（1）Whatdoesthenewstudytellus?

A.Childhoodmemoriesdeclinewithyears.

B.Three-year-oldkidsarethecleverest.

C.Childhoodmemoriescanfadeeasily.

D.Someadultscannotrecallpastevents.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"persist"inParagraph2mean?

A.Change.

B.Remain.

C.Appear.

D.Return.

（3）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.Adultscannothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.

B.Childrencanthinklikeadultswhentheygetolder.

C.Childrenunder7yearsoldhavedifferentwaysofformingmemories.

D.Childrenoftenforgetthingsbecausetheyhavenoideaoftimeorplace.

（4）Inthesecondsession,nine-year-oldchildren_________.

A.refusedtodiscussthesameevents

B.rememberedalltheirfamilyoutings

C.couldrecall72percentoftheirpastevents

D.onlyrememberedasmallpartoftheirpastevents

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。

大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。

在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。

在5到7岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。

然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段“Anewstudyhasfoundthatmostthree-year-oldscanrecallalotofwhathappenedtothemoverayearearlier,andthesememoriespersistwhiletheyarefiveandsix,butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.”一项新的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。

可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.”到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，故划线单词persist的意思是：

存在，保留。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Theysaythatbeforetheageofsevenchildrendonothaveasenseoftimeandplaceintheirmemories.”他们说在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。

可知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ However,theamountofinformationeight-tonine-year-oldchildrencouldrecalldroppedto35and36percent.”然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.

   Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.

   Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.

   "Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."

   Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.

（1）Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?

A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.

B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.

C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.

D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.

（2）KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.

A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking

B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke

C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking

D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?

A.Havealowopinionofsomething.

B.Increasetheamountofsomething.

C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.

D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie

B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth

C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中KennethWright说的最后两句话可知：

长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样——人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。

睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。

也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。

由破折后的句意：

减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。

可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。

也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段就说明了文章中心。

第一段段意为：

一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.Thisfeelslike"Success"totheoutsideworld.ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.

   SoIbookedatriptofindout.Itravelled,forthefirsttime,withoutmyhusbandorkids.IwenttoIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.

   Forsixdays,wewereimmersedinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.

   IfoundsilenceinIceland，andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutsideofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.

   WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened，Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingtobegenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.

   ButIdidn'treallygainanybetterappreciationofwhatIwantfromlifeormyjob.IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.

   Icamehometonoise，rushandlove;withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.Iknowtheanswerisn'twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountaininIceland.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.

（1）WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?

A. Togainanewexperience.                               

B. Toenjoyfamilyhappiness.

C. Tobetterunderstandherself.                           D. Toappreciatenaturalbeauty.

（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?

A. Puzzling                         

B. Thrilling                         

C. Relaxing                         

D. Demanding

（3）Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?

A. Shebecamemorepositive                              

B. Shebecamemoreenergetic

C. Shebecameevenlonelier                               

D. Shebecamemoreanxious

（4）Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?

A. Withdrawbacktonature.                                

B. Embracerealitybravely.

C. TraveltoIcelandmoreoften.                           D. Paylessattentiontoherfeelings.

【答案】

（1）C

（2