12CET6真题+答案.docx

12CET6真题+答案.docx

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12CET6真题+答案

2008年12月20日大学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷（A卷）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowtoimprovepsychologicalhealth?

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.学生心理健康的重要性

2.学校应该怎样做

3.学生自己应该怎样做

Howtoimprovepsychologicalhealth

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SupersizeSurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit'salldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.

Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

1.Notenoughsleep

Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses'HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanthosewhoslept7.

It'swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses'studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

2.Climatecontrol

Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat'sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代新的）rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13℃to18℃.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.

Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes–atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.

3.Lesssmoking

Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

4.Geneticeffects

Yourchancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally–soyourfatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

5.Alittleolder…

Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:

Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobese,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.TheproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.Thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

6.Maturemums

Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.IntheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.MeanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren'tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute'sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother'sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomenintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.Thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

7.Likemarryinglike

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers–particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren–itamplifiestheincreasefromothercauses.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Effectsofobesityonpeople'shealth.

B）Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity.

C）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic.

D）Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic

2.IntheUSNurses'HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight________.

A）gainedtheleastweight

B）wereinclinedtoeatless

C）foundtheirvigorenhanced

D）werelesssusceptibletoillness

3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat________.

A）itmakesussleepy

B）itcausessleeploss

C）itincreasesourappetite

D）itresultsfromlackofsleep

4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?

A）Itmakesusstayindoorsmore.

B）Itacceleratesourmetabolicrate.

C）Itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic.

D）Itcontributestoourweightgain.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?

A）Itthreatenstheirhealth.

B）Itheightenstheirspirits.

C）Itsuppressestheirappetite.

D）Itslowsdowntheirmetabolism.

6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFlegal'sstudy?

A）Heavysmokers.

B）Passivesmokers.

C）Thosewhoneversmoke.

D）Thosewhoquitsmoking.

7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof________.

A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople

B）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

C）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods

D）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers'childrentendtobeobeseremains________.

9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseof________.

10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）B）C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestansw