研究生入学考试英语二真题及解析.docx
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研究生入学考试英语二真题及解析
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语
(二)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
HarlanCobenbelievethatifyou’reawriter,you’llfindthetime;andthatifyoucan’tfindthetime,thenwritingisn’tapriorityandyou’renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job—ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingoutthataplumberdoesn’twakeupandsaythathecan’tworkwithpipestoday.
3,likemostwritersthesedays,you’reholdingdownajobtopaythebills,it’snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butit’snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingine.
AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it’sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you’llhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto
12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You’llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming14.There’llprobablyhavetobelesssocialisingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It’sa15learningcurve,anditwon’talwaysmakeyoupopular.
There’sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16yourwriting—andthat’sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;it’stheone17supporter—somethingyoucan’tdowithout.
Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecan,thatmeansprioritisingoutactivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyouareawriter,thatmeans—20writing.
1.[A]difficult
2.[A]bined
[B]normal
[B]pared
[C]steady
[C]confused
[D]pleasant
[D]confronted
3.[A]If
[B]Though
[C]Once
[D]Unless
4.[A]enough
[B]strange
[C]wrong
[D]easy
5.[A]Accept
[B]Explain
[C]Remember
[D]Suppose
6.[A]well-known
[B]well-advised
[C]well-informed
[D]well-chosen
7.[A]donate
[B]generate
[C]supplement
[D]calculate
8.[A]cause
[B]purpose
[C]question
[D]condition
9.[A]highlight
[B]sacrifice
[C]continue
[D]explore
10.[A]relations
[B]interests
[C]memories
[D]skills
11.[A]until
[B]because
[C]while
[D]before
12.[A]putupwith
[B]makeupfor
[C]hangonto
[D]cutdownon
13.[A]intelligent
[B]occasional
[C]intensive
[D]emotional
14.[A]habit
[B]test
[C]decision
[D]plan
15.[A]tough
[B]gentle
[C]rapid
[D]funny
16.[A]inplaceof
[B]inchargeof
[C]inresponseto
[D]inadditionto
17.[A]indispensable
[B]innovative
[C]invisible
[D]instant
18.[A]duller
[B]harder
[C]quieter
[D]quicker
19.[A]peacefully
[B]generously
[C]productively
[D]gratefully
20.[A]atmost
[B]inturn
[C]onaverage
[D]aboveall
SectionIIReadingprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown’s40windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit’sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:
climate-friendlyeggs.
Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey’realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture—specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.
“I’mexcitedaboutourprogress,”saysBrown,whoharvestseggsforDenver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds’wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.”
Theeggindustry’spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbeethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcouldopenthefloodgatesfor
regenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.
Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).
Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet,”saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggInnovations.“TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey’redoing.”
21.Theclimatefriendlyeggsareproduced.
[A]ataconsiderablylowcost
[B]atthedemandofregularshoppers
[C]asareplacementfororganiceggs
[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms
22.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin.
[A]reducingthedamageofworms.
[B]acceleratingthedisposalofwaste
[C]creatingasustainablesystem
[D]attractingcustomerstohisproducts
23.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest.
[A]thedoubtsovernaturalfoods
[B]thesetbacksintheeggindustry
[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts
[D]thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets
24.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople.
[A]arereluctanttochangetheirdiet
[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs
[C]arecuriousaboutnewfood
[D]areamazedatagriculturaladvances
25.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerativeproducts’.
[A]marketprospects
[B]nutritionalvalue
[C]standarddefinition
[D]moralimplications
Text2
MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.
OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”–thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring–saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.
Financialneedsaren’ttheonlyculpritforthe“unretirement”trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.About72%of“unretiree”respondentssaidthattheywouldreturntoworkonceretiredtokeepmentallyfitwhile59%saiditwouldbetiedtomakingendsmeet.
“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,”saidChristineRussell,seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade.“It’snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement.”
Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:
Americansarelivinglonger.Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.That’salsoup30.2%since2010.OlderAmericansarealsothefastest-growingsegmentoftheU.S.workforce,andboomersareexpectedtolivelongerthanpreviousgenerations.Thepercentageofretirement-agepeopleinthelaborforcehasdoubledoverthepastthreedecades.About20%ofpeople65andolderwereintheworkforceinFebruary,upfromanall-timelowof10%inJanuary1985,accordingtomoneymanagerUnitedIne.
Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10“unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thepanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.
Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.
“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimatelyretiring,”Weisssaid.“It’snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelieve
theycan’tretire.”
26.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.
[A]overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork
[B