卫生C第五讲2版.docx
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卫生C第五讲2版
1、第1篇2004年卫生B/C级阅读理解考题
FlorenceNightingaleFlorenceNightingalewasborninFlorence,Italy,whileherwealthyEnglishparentsweretravelinginEurope.Asachild,shetraveledtomanyplaceswithherfamilyandlearnedhowtospeakseverallanguages.WhenNightingalewas17,shetoldherfamilythatshewasgoingtohelpsickpeople.Herparentsdidnotapproved,butNightingalewasdetermined.Shetraveledtohospitalsa11overEurope.Shesawthatdoctorswereworkingtoohard.Shesawthatpatientsdiedbecausetheydidnotgetenoughcare.Nightingalefeltthatwomencouldbedoingmoretohelpdoctorstakecareofsickpeople.Nightingaleknewthatinorderfornursestodomore,theyneededspecialtraininginhowtotakecareofsickpeople.NightingalewenttoahospitalinGermanytostudynursing.ThenshereturnedtoLondonandbecametheheadofagroupofwomen、calledGentlewomenDuringillness.Thesewomencaredforsickpeopleintheirhomes.In1854,EnglandwasfightingawarwithRussia.№reporterswroteabouttheterribleconditionsinthehospitalsthatcaredforthewounded.Peopledemandedthatsomethingbedoneaboutit.Aleaderoft11egovernmentaskedFlorenceNightingaletotakesomenursesintothewarhospitals.So,inNovember1854,Nightingalefinallygottoworkinahospital.Shetookalong38nurseswhomshehadtrainedherself.Atfirst,thedoctorsonthebattlefieldsdidnotwantNightingaleandhernursesintheirhospitals.Theydidnotbelievethatwomencouldhelp.Butinfact,thenursesdidmakeadifference.Theyworkedaroundtheclock,tendingthesick.Thankstotheirhardwork,manywoundedsoldierssurvived.AftertheWar,Nightingaleandhernursesweretreatedlikeheroes.Finally,in1860,shestartedtheNightingaleSchoolforNurses.Intime,thankstoFlorenceNightingale,nursingbecameanimportantpartofmedicine.
FlorenceNightingalewasbornintoarich
A:
Italianfamily.
B:
Russianfamily
C:
Englishfamily.
D:
Germanfamily.
答案:
C
解析:
细节题。
问题问及FlorenceNightingale的出生,从文章开头开始查找,注意文章中出现的与出生有关的词语。
这样发现答案相关句:
FlorenceNightingalewasborninFlorence,Italy,whileherwealthyEnglishparentsweretravelinginEurope.(该句直接揭示了她父母的情况:
英国人。
)
2、Nightingale’sparentsdidnotapproveofherdecision
A:
toworkasadoctor.
B:
tocareforsickpeople.
C:
tofightinthewarwithRussia.
D:
totraveltohospitalsalloverEurope.
答案:
B
解析:
细节题。
利用题干中出现的特征词Nightingale’sparents和核心短语结构approveof作为答案线索,这样发现答案相关句:
WhenNightingalewas17,shetoldherfamilythatshewasgoingtohelpsickpeople.Herparentsdidnotapproved,butNightingalewasdetermined(与decision相呼应).该句内容直接回答了问题,因此B(照顾穷人)是答案。
3、ItwasnotuntilthewarwithRussiathatNightingale
A:
gottoworkinahospital.
B:
begantostudynursing.
C:
startedtocareforsickpeopleintheirhomes.
D:
becametheheadofGentlewomenDuringIllness
答案:
A
解析:
细节题。
利用题干中出现的特征结构thewarwithRussia作为答案线索,这样找到答案相关句:
In1854,EnglandwasfightingawarwithRussia.Newsreporterswroteabouttheterribleconditionsinthehospitalsthatcaredforthewounded.Peopledemandedthatsomethingbedoneaboutit.AleaderofthegovernmentaskedFlorenceNightingaletotakesomenursesintothewarhospitals.So,inNovember1854,Nightingalefinallygottoworkinahospital.(该句内容直接回答的问题:
直到与俄国的战争开始的时候,Nightingale才开始在医院里工作)
4、OnthebattlefieldsNightingaleandhernursesprovedtobe
A:
asbadasthedoctorshadexpected.
B:
quitegenerous.
C:
lessthanuseful.
D:
veryhelpful.
答案:
D
解析:
总结概括题。
借助常识判断A和C(没什么用)肯定不是答案。
作为与C成反意项的D成为答案的可能性很大。
注意到题干提到的是“Nightingaleandhernurses”,利用这个结构作为答案线索,这样找到答案相关句:
Atfirst,thedoctorsonthebattlefieldsdidnotwantNightingaleandhernursesintheirhospitals.Theydidnotbelievethatwomencouldhelp.Butinfact,thenursesdidmakeadifference.Theyworkedaroundtheclock,tendingthesick.Thankstotheirhardwork,manywoundedsoldierssurvived.(该句内容反映出Nightingaleandhernurses作了很突出的工作)
5、Nightingaleplayedagreatrolein
A:
thebuildingofwarhospitals
B:
theeducationofwomen.
C:
thedevelopmentofnursing
D:
theimprovementofworkingconditionsforwomen.
答案:
C
解析:
借助上面问题的解答,知道“Nightingale和她的护士”是文章的中心(护理业的发展),因此判断C是答案。
也可以借助原文内容解题。
这篇文章是介绍性的文字,文章主要介绍的是Nightingale这个人,这道题涉及到对文章主要人物Nightingale的评价,通常人物介绍性的文字都会把对人物的评价放在文章的开头或者结尾处,因此注意文章结尾部分的内容,文章结尾处说:
Intime(最终),thankstoFlorenceNightingale,nursingbecameanimportantpartofmedicine.(多亏了Nightingale,护理业才成为了医学研究上的一个重要部分。
),根据这句话的内容判断C是答案。
6、第2篇MedicalJournalsMedicaljournalsarepublicationsthatreportmedicalinformationtophysiciansandotherhealthprofessionals.Inthepast,thesejournalswereavailableonlyinprint.Withthedevelopmentofelectronicpublishing,manymedicaljournalsnowhaveWebsitesontheInternet,andsomejournalspublishonlyonline.Afewmedicaljournals,liketheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,areconsideredgeneralmedicaljournalsbecausetheycovermanyfieldsofmedicine.Mostmedicaljournalsarespecialtyjournalsthatfocusonaparticularareaofmedicine.Medicaljournalspublishmanytypesofarticles.Researcharticlesreporttheresultsofresearchstudiesonarangeoftopicsvaryingfromthebasicmechanismsofdiseasestoclinicaltrialsthatcompareoutcomesofdifferenttreatments.Reviewarticlessummarizeandanalyzetheinformationavailableonaspecifictopicbasedonacarefulsearchofthemedicalliterature.Becausetheresultsofindividualresearchstudiescanbeaffectedbymanyfactors,combiningresultsfromdifferentstudiesonthesametopiccanbehelpfulinreachingconclusionsaboutthescientificevidenceforpreventing,diagnosingortreatingaparticulardisease.Caseconferencesandcasereportsmaybepublishedinmedicaljournalstoeducatephysiciansaboutparticularillnessesandhowtotreatatthem.Editorialsinmedicaljournalsareshortessaysthatexpresstheviewsoftheauthors,oftenregardingaresearchorreviewarticlepublishedinthesameissue.Editorialsprovideperspectiveonhowthecurrentarticlefitswithotherinformationonthesametopic.Letterstotheeditorprovideawayforreadersofthemedicaljournaltoexpresscomments,questionsorcriticismsaboutarticlespublishedinthatjournal.
Themainreadersofmedicaljournalsare
A:
thegeneralpublic
B:
healthprofessionals.
C:
medicalcritics.
D:
newsreporters.
答案:
B
解析:
细节题。
问题问及“医疗杂志的主要读者”,借助题干中的核心词mainreaders作为答案线索,这样发现答案相关句:
Medicaljournalsarepublicationsthatreportmedicalinformationtophysiciansandotherhealthprofessionals(与“mainreaders”呼应).该句间接的回答了问题---医学杂志是向内科医生和其他健康专家提供医疗信息,所以答案是B。
7、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A:
Manymedicaljournalsalsopublishonline.
B:
Afewmedicaljournalsaregeneralmedicaljournals.
C:
Mostmedicaljournalspublishonlyonline.
D:
Mostmedicaljournalsarespecialtyjournals.
答案:
C
解析:
细节题。
发现被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”,所以借助被选项共有词publish作为答案线索,这样发现答案相关句:
manymedicaljournalsnowhaveWebsitesontheInternet(该句与A内容一致),andsomejournalspublishonlyonline.(该句直接与C矛盾)Afewmedicaljournals,liketheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,areconsideredgeneralmedicaljournalsbecausetheycovermanyfieldsofmedicine.(该句与B内容一致)Mostmedicaljournalsarespecialtyjournalsthatfocusonaparticularareaofmedicine.(该句与D内容一致)
8、Howmanymajortypesofarticlesarementionedinthepassage?
A:
Five.
B:
Seven.
C:
Four.
D:
Six
答案:
A
解析:
细节题。
该题涉及到文章类型的数量。
注意文章中提及文章类型的句子。
这样发现答案相关句:
Medicaljournalspublishmanytypesofarticles.Researcharticles(研究文章)reporttheresultsof…Reviewarticles(综述文章)summarizeandanalyze...Caseconferencesandcasereports(病例会诊和病理报告)maybepublishedinmedicaljournals..Editorials(社论)provideperspectiveon...Letterstotheeditor(读者来信)provideawayforreadersof..如上面分析,文章中一共提到了5种类型的文章。
9、Anarticledealingwithresultsfromdifferentstudiesonthesametopiciscalled
A:
aresearcharticle
B:
areviewarticle.
C:
acasereport.
D:
aneditorial.
答案:
B
解析:
细节题。
利用题干中的核心结构thesametopic作为答案线索,这样找到答案相关句:
Reviewarticlessummarizeandanalyzetheinformationavailableonaspecifictopicbasedonacarefulsearchofthemedicalliterature.(该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”)Becausetheresultsofindividualresearchstudiescanbeaffectedbymanyfactors,combiningresultsfromdifferentstudiesonthesametopiccanbehelpfulinreachingconclusionsaboutthescientificevidenceforpreventing,diagnosingortreatingaparticulardisease.划线结构说“汇集对同一主题所做的不同研究有助于出...的结论”,结合前一句的内容“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”可以得出的结论是“将同一题目的不同研究结果加以归纳和分析的文章是综述文章”,所以判断B是答案。
10、Letterstotheeditorenablereadersofamedicaljournaltoexpresscommentson
A:
anymedicalevent.
B:
articlespublishedinthesameissue.
C:
articlespublishedinthatjournal
D:
medicaldevelopment.
答案:
C
解析:
借助题干中的核心结构Letterstotheeditor和expresscommentson作为答案线索,这样在文章最后部分找到答案相关句:
Letterstotheeditorprovideawayforreadersofthemedicaljournaltoexpresscomments,questionsorcriticismsaboutarticlespublishedinthatjournal。
(该句内容直接回答了问题:
对杂志上发表的文章进行评论,提出问题或提出批评意见)
11、第3篇Common-coldSenseYoucan’tbeatit,butyoudon’thavetojoinit.Maybeitgotthename“commoncold”becauseit’smorecommoninwinter.Thefactis,though,beingcolddoesn’thaveanythingtodowithgettingone.Coldsarecausedbythespreadofrhinoviruses,and,atleastsofar,medicalscienceisbetterattellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowtogetridofone.Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldvirusesarespreadtoadults,becausetheyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageofabouteightperyear.Whydokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthantheirparents?
Simple.Theyhaven’thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomanycoldviruses.Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruses,andyouneverhavethesameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmunetoit—butonlyit.Coldsareusuallyspreadby