非谓语doing练习.docx
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非谓语doing练习
高一非谓语动词语法知识及练习
在英语语法里,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词之分。
谓语动词,即在句子中充当谓语的动词,谓语动词根据时态和语态而变化,即要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
非谓语动词,即不能充当谓语的动词,但在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
非谓语形式也根据时态和语态而变化。
非谓语动词:
不定式(todo);动词-ing形式(doing);过去分词(done)
动词-ing形式的功能和用法:
可以充当___________________________________。
动词-ing形式:
主动
被动
一般式
完成式
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语,表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为,谓语动词用单数。
如:
____________(read)aloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.
__________(go)tobedearlyand_________(get)upearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.
2.在一些句子中,常用it作形式主语放在句首,而把真正的主语放到句末。
如:
Itisnouse____________(cry)overspiltmilk.
常见句式:
It+be+fun/abore/awasteoftime/agreatpleasure+doingsth.
It+be+useless/worthwhile/nice/good/interesting/expensive+doingsth.
It+benogood/nouse/nofun+doingsth.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语。
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon
admit,delay/putoff,fancy
avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice
deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate
forbid,imagine,risk
can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape
Mymotheradvised____________(ask)adoctortocomeandexaminemyeyes.
We’reconsidering____________(pay)avisittotheScienceMuseum.
2.下列结构之后也用动词-ing形式作宾语。
beusedto
leadto
devoteto
objectto
getdownto
payattentionto
can’tstand
giveup
feellike
insiston
putoff
beinterestedin
befondof
begoodat
spend…indoing
lookforwardto
succeedin
bebusyin
contribute…to
thankyoufor
apologizefor
forgive…for
haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)
prevent/keep/stop…from…
havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing
Myfatherisusedto_________(go)tobedlateand_________(get)upveryearly.
I’mlookingforwardto____________(receive)yourreply.
3.有些动词如:
start,begin,continue等既可以接动词-ing形式也可以接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
4.在love,like,hate,prefer等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
5.下列动词后接动词-ing形式或不定式都可以,但意思不同。
forgetrememberstoptry
meanregretcan’thelpgoon
Iremember____________(meet)heratapartyonce.
Iwanttotry____________(play)soccerthisspring.
6.①下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedone
e.g.Thebikeneeds____________(repair).
②在beworth结构中后面只能用动词-ing形式的主动语态来表示被动意义。
e.g.Hissuggestionisworth____________(consider).
三、动词-ing形式作定语
1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
如:
buildingmaterials=materials______building建筑材料
awalkingstick=astick______walking手杖
tiringmusic=music_______istiring烦人的音乐
asurprisingresult=aresult________issurprising一个惊人的结果
2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
如:
Theylivedinaroom__________(face)thestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.
Theman____________(stand)thereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.
四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。
如:
Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastranger____________(stand)attheentrance.
2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。
如:
Wesawalight____________(burn)inthewindow.
Ifeltsomebody____________(pat)meontheshoulder.
2)表示指使意义的动词,常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。
如:
Ican’tgettheclock____________(go)again.
I’msorrytohavekeptyou____________(wait).
3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
前者表示动作正在进行,而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。
如:
Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteacher____________(make)theexperiment.
Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteacher____________(make)theexperiment.
五、动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。
Herhobbyis________________.她的业余爱好是画画。
Myjobis___________thechildren.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
Thenewsisquite_____________.这消息很令人震惊。
六、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方式、让步或伴随情况等,其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致,动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
说出下列各句中动词-ing形式表示什么状语。
1)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.______
2)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.______
3)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.______
4)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.______
5)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened._______________
6)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.______
★动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作______。
____________(finish)hishomework,Davidwenttobed.
____________(live)therefortenyears,Iknewtheplaceverywell.
★动词-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加______。
____________(notsee)Susan,Iaskedwhereshewas.
____________(nothave)doneitright,hetriedagain.
★Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.
(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。
)
e.g.I____________(wait)forthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.
Allthetickets________________(sell)out,theywentawaydisappointedly.
It____________(be)Sunday,therearenostudentsintheschool.
★有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。
例如:
Generallyspeaking一般来说;judgingby/from…从……判断;considering/taking…intoconsideration/account考虑到
e.g.____________(judge)from/byhisaccent,hecomesfromthesouth.
非谓语动词巩固练习题
解题思路
①解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);
②找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);
③搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;
I用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,_________(include)manychildren__________(seat)ontheirparents’laps.
2.It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames__________(hold)inLondonin2012coveredmoreeventsthananyotherOlympicshaddone.
3.There__________(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.
4.Yesterdayastreet-beggarboughtalotteryticketpurposelessly,_________(make)himamillionaireovernight.
5.InthefaceofthebigfireinOctoberinCalifornia,manypeopleinthefire-strickenareasmovedout toescape__________(burn).
6.Takingthismedicine,if________(continue),willofcoursedogoodtohishealth.
7.Thelittleboystillneedsthe__________(remain)20dollarstodo withsomethingsremaining__________(settle).
8.__________(consider)hisage,thelittleboyreadsquitewell.
9.__________(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.
10.Nobodyenjoys___________(criticize)inthepresenceofothers.
11.TheSpaceShuttleColumbiabrokeintopiecesoverTexasasitreturnedtotheearthonFebruary1,2003,___________(kill)allsevenastronautsaboard.
12Don’tsitthere_________(do)nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.
13.Iwasafraid__________(talk)backtomycustomersbecauseIwasafraidof__________(lose)them.
14.Ican’tgetmycar__________(run)oncoldmornings,soIhavetotryfillingtheradiatorwithsomehotwater.
15.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls________(fly)inalldirectionsbeforehewassenttosleepbyhiswife.
16.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______(burn)onbutthedoor________(shut).
17.Wefoundthestudentsseatedattablesandhadtheireyes_________(fix)onthesceneofthelaunchofShenzhouVspaceship.
18.Adoctorcanexpect___________(call)atanyhourofthedayornight.
19.Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhousewiththedooropen,________(stand)thereforawhileandthenenteredit.
20.Mr.Smithwasmuchsurprisedtofindthewatchhehadhad_________(repair)wasnowheretobeseen.
II单句改错
1. Alotofmoneyhasbeenspenttobuythebook.
2. Youwillhavetopaythecostofsendapostcard.
3. Whathedidwaspuzzled.
4. Iwillspendaweekreadingandpreparefortheexamination.
5. CharlesandLindadoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.
6. YesterdayIhadmybadtoothpullingout.
7. Iheardhersingingasongwhichmovedmetotears.
8. Imadeaterriblemistake.Iregrettednottotakeyouradvice.
9. Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,westoppedhavingarestbeforewewentdownthemountain.
10. There’llbeagoodfilmtonight,rememberseeingitontime!
11. Thegamewasover,shewenthome.
12. Whenspeaking,youmustmakeyourselfhear.
13. ShepretendednotseeingmewhenIcamein.
14. AbrahamLincolnwasconsideredbeingoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.
15. Followingbytheofficers,thegeneralinspectedthearmy.
16. Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,anditneedsrepaired.
17. Don’tburnthefallingleavesontheground.
18. Losinginthought,healmostranintoacarinfrontofhim.
19. Ienjoytolistentotheclassicmusic.
20. Judgebywhathewears,heisafarmer.
答案
主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,状语
doingbeingdone
havingdonehavingbeendone
ReadingGoinggettingcryingaskingpayinggoinggettingreceiving
Meetingplayingrepairing/toberepairedconsideringforforthat/which
that/whichfacingstandingstandingburningpattinggoingwaiting
makingmakepaintinglookingaftershocking条件伴随原因方式
时间,可以在分词前保留when结果之前HavingfinishedHavinglivednot
NotseeingNothavingwaitinghavingbeensoldbeingJudging
1.including;seated2.held 3.being.
4.making 5.beingburned6.continued7.remaining;tobesettled
8.Considering 9.Judging 10.beingcriticized11.killing
12doing13.totalk;losing14.running15.flying;
16.burning;shut 17.fixed18.tobecalled19stood
20.repaired
【答案与解析】
1. tobuy改为buying。
2. send改为sending。
介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。
3. puzzled改为puzzling。
puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。
4. prepare改为preparing。
preparing和前面的reading是并列结构。
5. climbed改为climbing。
aswellas是介词短语,后面接动名词或名词。
6. pulling改为pulled。
havethetoothpulledout表示“请人拔牙”的意思。
7. singing改为sing。
从后面可以看出来,“我”