高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题.docx

高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题.docx

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高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Attheageofseven,whilehisfriendswerespendingpocketmoneyonthingslikecandyandtoys,JoseAdolfowasbusysavingmoneyformoreessentialpurchases.Totrytogethispeerstodothesame,theyoungsterfromArequipa,Perucameupwiththeinnovativeideaofaneco-bank,whichallowskidsofallagestogaineconomicindependence—whilealsohelpingtheenvironment.

   Establishedin2012,theBartselanaStudentBankistheworld'sfirstbankforkids.Toopenanaccount,kidshavetobringinatleast5kilogramsofsolidwaste（paperorplastic）andestablishasavingsgoal.Onceaccepted,allbank"partners"arerequiredtodeposit（存储）atleastoneadditionalkilogramofrecyclablesonamonthlybasisandmeetotherrequirements,suchasattendingfinancialeducationandenvironmentalmanagementworkshops.

   Thewastecollectedissoldtolocalrecyclingcompanies,who,thankstoJose,payahigher-than-marketrateforeverythingbroughtinbyBartselanaStudentBankmembers.Thefundsreceivedareplacedintheindividual'saccountuntilhis/hersavingsgoalisreached.Theaccountholdercanthenwithdrawhis/hermoney,orchoosetoleaveitandcontinuetogrowforabiggertarget.

   "Atthebeginning,myteachersthoughtIwascrazy,"Joserecalls."Theydidnotunderstandthatwearenotthefutureofthecountrybutitspresent.Luckily.Ihadthesupportoftheschoolprincipal."

   By2013,thebankhadover200memberswhobroughtinonetonofrecyclablewaste.Today,theeco-bank,whichnowhasthesupportofseverallocalinstitutions,hasteneducationalcenters.Theyaredesignedtoteachtheover3,000membersbothfinanceandenvironmentalmanagement.OnDecember6,2018,inresponsetothegrowingdemand,BartselanaStudentBankbeganacceptingapplicationsfromkidsallacrossPeru.

   Astheteenagersays,"Togetherwecanchangetheworld.Wejustneedanopportunity."

（1）Whatisthepurposeoftheeco-bank?

A. Toinvolvekidsinthemanagementofthelocalrecyclingcompanies.

B. Tohelpkidsgetpocketmoneytospendonthingslikecandyandtoys.

C. Toshowkidshowimportantitistolearnenvironmentalmanagement.

D. Togetkidstohelptheenvironmentandbeeconomicallyindependent.

（2）Whatdutydoesaneco-bankmemberhavetoperform?

A. Attendingfinancialeducationworkshops.    

B. Bringingin5kilosofwaste.

C. Savingonekiloofsolidwasteweekly.           

D. Establishingasavingsgoal.

（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4mean?

A. Kidsaremoreresponsiblewhengrowingup.

B. Thefutureofthecountryreliesmainlyonkids.

C. Kidscancontributetothesocietythoughyoung.

D. Thepresentisavitalperiodforkiddevelopment.

（4）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJose?

A. Generous.                           

B. Crazy.                           

C. Flexible.                           

D. Influential.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。

为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物（纸或塑料），并设定一个储蓄目标。

回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“theyoungsterfromArequipa,Perucameupwiththeinnovativeideaofaneco-bank,whichallowskidsofallagestogaineconomicindependence—whilealsohelpingtheenvironment.”可知eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济独立。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Onceaccepted,allbank“partners”arerequiredtodeposit（存储）atleastoneadditionalkilogramofrecyclablesonamonthlybasisandmeetotherrequirements,suchasattendingfinancialeducationandenvironmentalmanagementworkshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其他要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“By2013,thebankhadover200memberswhobroughtinonetonofrecyclablewaste.Today,theeco-bank,whichnowhasthesupportofseverallocalinstitutions,hasteneducationalcenters.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。

如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育中心。

即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Astheteenagersays,‘Togetherwecanchangetheworld.Wejustneedanopportunity.’”可知Jose提到我们可以一起改变世界，我们只是需要一个机会。

与上文因为Jose为生态银行成员带来的东西支付高于市场的价格，而使得银行成员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可知Jose是“有影响力的”。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersinUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy.Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.

   Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath.Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.

   However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasignofunderlyingillnessessuchasdepressionandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid:

"Whileshortsleepmayrepresentacauseofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtorepresentmoreanindicatorofill-health."

   Healsomentioned:

"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours.Ontheotherhand,theworseningofourhealthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime."

   "Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,"ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioadded.

（1）WhatdidresearchersinUniversityofWarwickfind?

A. Peoplewhosleepfewerthan6hourseachnightdiebefore65.

B. Sleepingformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone'shealth.

C. Sixtoeighthours'sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.

D. Peopleatanoldagearehealthierbecausetheysleeplonger.

（2）WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?

A. Longsleepiswhatcausesourhealthproblems.

B. Modernpeoplesleeplessbecausetheyworklonger.

C. Ourhealthbecomesworsebecausewesleepless.

D. Howlongwesleepdependsonoureducation.

（3）Whatdidtheresearcherthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?

A. Socialpressure.                                                 B. Longerworkinghours.

C. Extensionofsleepingtime.                             

D. Changesofworkingenvironments.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A. HowLongShouldWeSleep                            B. LongerSleepMakesBetterHealth

C. TimetoSleepEarly                                          

D. TheImportanceofSleep

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更大。

每晚睡6至8小时最合适。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight."可知，研究者们发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。

由此可知，每晚睡足6至8小时是比较合适的。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours"可知，ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio认为：

现代社会中，人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模式在全职工作者中更为常见，这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments"可知，能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。

由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获得适当睡眠的方法之一。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段点明研究结果：

每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。

下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这种结果的原因，解决方法等。

故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此为中心展开。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Needafallfix?

Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.

   ⒈MackinacIsland,Michigan

   Theonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboatandferry,andoncevisitorsarrive,theyareattractedbythehistory,sceneryandfallcolors."It'sathrowbacktoyearspast,alittletown,andthere'sabigstateparkaswell,"Blackwellsays."You'reallowedtohaveboatsallaroundtheisland."

   ⒉TellicoLake,Tennessee

   Withnearly400milesofshoreline,thiswaterwayflowingoutoftheGreatSmokyMountainsislargelyunexploited,well-protectedinitsnaturalstate.Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolorsreflectinginthecleanwaters,saysBlackwell,whovacationedintheareawithhisfamilyasachild."Thethickforesttherejustallowsyoutoseemoregreeneryandwildlife."

   ⒊DillonReservoir,Colorado

   WithanhourfromDenver,thislakeishometowhatclaimstobethenation'shighestsailingclub,atanaltitudeofmorethan9,000feet.MarinasinthetownsofDillonandFriscomakeiteasytogetoutonthewaterandtoseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves."Peoplearesurprisedthatthere'sboatinginColorado,andyoucanseethemountain