有关施工组织设计 英文译文与原文.docx
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有关施工组织设计英文译文与原文
英文译文与原文
学院工程技术学院专业、班级土木工程1011
姓名杜军斌学号**********
指导老师刘强职称教授
第一篇
Civilengineeringintroductionpapers
Abstract:
thecivilengineeringisahugediscipline,butthemainoneisbuilding,buildingwhetherinChinaorabroad,hasalonghistory,long-termdevelopmentprocess.Theworldischangingeveryday,butthebuildingalsoalongwiththeprogressofscienceanddevelopment.Mechanicsfindings,materialofupdate,evermorescientifictechnologyintothebuilding.Butbeforearoomwithatiletocoverthetopofthehouse,nowforcomfort,differentideas,differentscientific,promotedthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,makingitmoreperfect.
[keywords]:
civilengineering;Architecture;Mechanics,Materials.
Civilengineeringisbuildvariousprojectscollectively.Itwasmeanttobeand"militaryproject"corresponding.InEnglishthehistoryofCivilEngineering,mechanicalEngineering,electricalEngineering,chemicalEngineeringbelongtotoEngineering,becausetheyallhaveMinYongXing.Later,astheprojectdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,mechanical,electrical,chemicalhasgraduallyformedindependentscientific,toEngineeringbecameCivilEngineeringofspecializednouns.Sofar,inEnglish,toEngineeringincludewaterconservancyproject,portEngineering,Whileinourcountry,waterconservancyprojectsandportprojectsalsobecomeverycloseandcivilengineeringrelativelyindependentbranch.Civilengineeringconstructionofobject,bothreferstothatbuiltontheground,undergroundwaterengineeringfacilities,alsoreferstoappliedmaterialsequipmentandconductoftheinvestigation,designandconstruction,maintenance,repairandotherprofessionaltechnology.
Civilengineeringisakindofwithpeople'sfood,clothing,shelterandtransportationhascloserelationoftheproject.Amongthemwith"live"relationshipisdirectly.Because,tosolvethe"live"problemmustbuildvarioustypesofbuildings.Tosolvethe"line,foodandclothes"problembothdirectside,butalsoaindirectside."Line",mustbuildrailways,roads,Bridges,"Feed",mustbewelldrillingwater,waterconservancy,farmirrigation,drainagewatersupplyforthecity,thatisdirectrelation.Indirectlyrelationshipisnomatterwhatyoudo,manufacturingcars,ships,orspinningandweaving,clothing,orevenproductionsteel,launchsatellites,conductingscientificresearchactivitiesareinseparablefrombuildvariousbuildings,structuresandbuildallkindsofprojectfacilities.
Civilengineeringwiththeprogressofhumansocietyanddevelopment,yethasevolvedintolarge-scalecomprehensivediscipline,ithasoutmanybranch,suchas:
architecturalengineering,therailwayengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,specialengineeringstructure,waterandwastewaterengineering,portengineering,hydraulicengineering,environmentengineeringdisciplines.[1]
Civilengineeringasanimportantbasicdisciplines,andhasitsimportantattributesof:
integrated,sociality,practicality,unity.Civilengineeringforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'slifeprovidesanimportantmaterialandtechnicalbasis,formanyindustrialinvigorationplayedaroleinpromoting,engineeringconstructionistheformationofafixedassetbasicproductionprocess,therefore,constructionandrealestatebecomeinmanycountriesandregions,economicpowerhouses.
Constructionprojectishousingplanning,survey,design,constructionofthefloorboard.Purposeisforhumanlifeandproductionprovideplaces.
Houseswillbelikeaman,it'slikeaman'slifeplanningenvironmentisresponsiblebytheplanners,Itslayoutandartisticprocessing,correspondingtothebodyshapelooksandtemperament,isresponsiblebythearchitect,Itsstructureislikeaperson'sbonesandlifeexpectancy,thestructuralengineerisresponsible,Itswater,heatingventilationandelectricalfacilitiessuchasthehumanorganandthenerve,isbytheequipmentengineerisresponsiblefor.Alsolikenatureintactshapedlikepeople,inthecityIdistrictplanningbasedonbuildhouses,andistheconstructionunit,reconnaissanceunit,designunitofvariousdesignengineersandconstructionunitscomprehensivecoordinationandcooperationprocess.
Afterall,butisstructuralstressbodyreactionforceandtheinternalstressandhowexternalforcebalance.Buildingtotackle,alsomustsolvetheproblemismechanicalproblems.Wehavetosolvetheproblemofdisciplinecalledarchitecturalmechanics.Architecturalmechanicshavecanbedividedinto:
statics,materialmechanicsandstructuralmechanicsthreemechanicalsystem.Architecturalmechanicsisdiscussionandresearchbuildingstructureandcomponentinloadandotherfactorsaffectingtheworkingconditionof,alsoisthebuildingofintensity,stiffnessandstability.Inload,bearloadandloadofstructureandcomponentcancausethesurroundingobjectsintheirfunction,andtheobjectitselfbytheloadeffectanddeformation,andthereisthepossibilityofdamage,butthestructureitselfhascertainresistancetodeformationanddestructionofcompetence,andthebearingcapacityofthestructuresizeisandcomponentofmaterials,crosssection,andthestructuralpropertiesofgeometrysize,workingconditionsandstructurecircumstancerelevant.Whiletheserelationshipscanbeimprovedbymechanicsformulasolvedthroughcalculation.
Buildingmaterialsinbuildingandhasapivotalrole.Buildingmaterialiswithhumansocietyproductivityandscienceandtechnologyimprovesgraduallydeveloped.Inancienttimes,thehumanlives,thelineUSESistherocksand
Trees.The4thcenturyBC,12~hascreatedatileandbrick,humansareonlyusefulsyntheticmaterialsmadeofhousing.The17thcenturyhadcastironandShouTielater,untiltheeighteenthcenturyhadPortlandcement,justmakelaterreinforcedconcreteengineeringgetvigorousdevelopment.Nowallsortsofhigh-strengthstructuralmaterials,newdecorationmaterialsandwaterproofmaterialdevelopment,criterionand20thcenturysincemidorganicpolymermaterialsincivilengineeringarecloselyrelatedtothewidelyapplication.Inallmaterials,themostmainandmostpopularissteel,concrete,lumber,masonry.Inrecentyears,byusingtwokindsofmaterialadvantage,willmakethemtogether,thecombinationofstructurewasdeveloped.Now,architecture,engineeringqualityfitandunfitqualityusuallyadoptedmaterialsquality,performanceandusingreasonableornothavedirectconnection,inmeetthesametechnicalindicatorsandqualityrequirements,underthepreconditionofchoiceofdifferentmaterialisdifferent,usemethodofengineeringcosthasdirectimpact.
Inconstructionprocess,buildingconstructionisandarchitecturalmechanics,buildingmaterialsalsoimportantlinks.Constructionistothemindofthedesigner,intentionandideaintorealisticprocess,fromtheancientholeJuChaoplacetonowskyscrapers,fromruraltourbancountryroadelevatedroadallneedthrough"construction"means.Aconstructionproject,includingmanyjobssuchasdredgingengineering,deepfoundationpitbracingengineering,foundationengineering,reinforcedconcretestructureengineering,structuralliftingproject,waterproofing,decorateprojects,eachtypeofprojecthasitsownrules,allneedaccordingtodifferentconstructionobjectandconstructionenvironmentconditionsusingrelevantconstructiontechnology,inwork-site.wheneverwhile,needandtherelevanthydropowerandotherequipmentcompositionofawhole,eachprojectbetweenreasonableorganizingandcoordination,betterplayinvestmentbenefit.Civilengineeringconstructioninthebenefit,whilealsoissuedbythestateinstrictaccordancewiththerelevantconstructiontechnologystandard,thusfurtherenhanceChina'sconstructionleveltoensureconstructionquality,reducethecostfortheproject.
Anybuildingbuiltonthesurfaceoftheearthallstrata,buildingweighteventuallytostratum,havetobear.FormationSupportbuildingtherockswerereferredtoasfoundation,andthebuildingsonthegroundandundertheupperstructureofself-respectandliabletoloadtransfertothefoundationofcomponentsorcomponentcalledfoundation.Foundation,andthefoundationandthesuperstructureisabuildingofthreeinseparablepart.Accordingtothefunctionisdifferent,butinload,undertheactionofthemarerelatedtoeachother,istheinteractionofthewhole.Foundationcanbedividedintonaturalfoundationandartificialfoundation,basicaccordingtotheburieddepthisdividedintodeepfoundationandshallowfoundation.,foundationandfoundationistheguaranteeofthequalityofthebuildingsandnormaluseclosebutton,wherebuildingsfoundationinbuildingunderloadsofbothmustmaintainoverallstabilityandifthesettlementoffoundationproduceinbuildingscopepermittedinside,andfoundationitselfshouldhavesufficientstrength,stiffnessanddurability,alsoconsiderrepairmethodsandthenecessaryfoundationsoilretainingretainingwaterandrelevantmeasures.[3]
Aspeoplelivingstandardriseceaselessly,thepeopletotheirplaceofbuildingspacehasbecomenotonlyfromthenumber,andputforwardhigherrequirementfromqualityareputcarhigherdemandsthattheenvironmentisbeautiful,havecertaincomfort.Thisneedstodecorateabuildingtobenecessary.Ifarchitecturemajorengineeringconstitutestheskeletonofthebuilding,thenafteradornmentbuildinghasbecometheflesh-and-bloodorganism,finalwithrich,perfectappearanceinpeople'sinfront,thebestarchitectureshouldfullyembodyallsortsofadornmentmaterialrelat