牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习.docx

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牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习.docx

牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习

第9章动词

Ⅰ.及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词

1.不及物动词可以单独构成谓语。

2.及物动词必须与其宾语一起构成谓语。

1)带一个宾语

2)带双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)

3)带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)

3.谓语动词有时态的变化,在陈述句中,随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化,以work为例,如下表所示:

主语

谓语(不及物动词)

一般现在时

一般过去时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

I

work

worked

shall/willwork

wouldwork

amworking

wasworking

haveworked

hadworked

He/She

works

worked

willwork

wouldwork

isworking

wasworking

hasworked

hadworked

We

work

worked

shall/willwork

wouldwork

areworking

wereworking

haveworked

hadworked

You/They

work

worked

willwork

wouldwork

areworking

wereworking

haveworked

hadworked

4.连系动词必须与其表语一起构成谓语。

连系动词be是主系表结构句子的主要系动词,它在陈述句中位于主语和表语之间,随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化,如下表所示:

主语

系动词

表语

一般现在时

一般过去时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在完成时

过去完成时

I

am

was

shall/willbe

wouldbe

havebeen

hadbeen

happy.

HeSheIt

is

was

willbe

wouldbe

hasbeen

hadbeen

happy

We

are

were

shall/willbe

wouldbe

havebeen

hadbeen

happy

You/They

are

were

willbe

wouldbe

havebeen

hadbeen

happy

专项训练1

选择填空。

1.Lookup!

Thekite__________highinthesky.

A.fliesB.flewC.hasflownD.isflying

2.Weallknowthattheearth__________aroundthesun.

A.goB.goesC.wentD.isgoing

3.Jenny__________anovelfromseventosightlasteight.

A.readB.wasreadingC.isreadingD.wouldread

4.Ascarf__________youwarmasthetemperaturefalls.

A.keptB.haskeptC.willkeepD.wouldkeep

5.Finally,thebigseriousforestfire__________bythefiremenyesterday.

A.putsoutB.putoutC.wasputoutD.hasputout

6.Where__________you__________?

Ilookedforyoueverywhere.

A.has...beenB.did...goC.have...goneD.are...going

7.Shedidn’tgotoseethedolphinshowwithusbecauseshe__________italready.

A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen

8.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey__________aschoolsportsmeetingthenestweek.

A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave

9.-__________theflightMU823__________?

-No,notyet.

A.Has...arrivedB.Does...arriveC.Will...haveD.Is...arriving

10.--Thisisano-right-turnarea.Don’tyouseethesigh?

--Oh,sorry.I__________it.

A.hadn’tseenB.won’tseeC.didn’tseeD.doesn’tsee

11.I__________tostayathomeandprepareformytestthisweekend.

A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.has

12.-IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.

-Isupposeyou__________toofast.(07中考江西南昌)

A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredriving

13.Oh,whataday!

It__________heavily.

A.isstillrainingB.wasstillrainingC.stillrainedD.stillrains

14."__________you__________upforKaiXinWang?

It'ssuchapopularonlinegame!

''Maryaskedmeexcitedly.

A.Do,signB.Have;signedC.Did;signD.Are;signed

15.It'stoolatenow.Thesupermarket__________.

A.closesB.isclosedC.isbeingclosedD.isclosed

16.Coffeeisready.Howniceit__________!

Wouldyoulikesome?

A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels

17.Nowthestudentseach__________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.(08中考南通)

A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving

18.Thesinger__________welcomedifshe__________toourschool.

A.is;comesB.is;willcome

C.willbe;comesD.willbe;willcome

19.Keplerprovedthatthesun__________thecenterofthesolarsystem.

A.isB.wasC.hadbetterD.wouldbe

 

Ⅱ.助动词

1.助动词be(am,is,are;was,were),与动词的现在分词一起,帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时。

2.助动词be(am,is,are;was,were;willbe;have/hasbeen;am/is/arebeing;was/werebeing),与动词的过去分词一起,帮助构成被动语态。

3.助动词do(does,did)帮助构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。

4.助动词have(has,had)与动词的过去分词一起,帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时,还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。

5.助动词will/shall(would/should)与动词原形一起,帮助构成一般将来时和过去将来时,还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。

专项训练2

按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。

1.Themusicsoundswonderful.(改为否定句)

Themusic____________________wonderful.

2.Hisparentsmanageasmallhotel.(改为否定句)

Hisparents____________________asmallhotel

3.Mr.Blackhasastrongwill.(改为否定句)

Mr.Black____________________astrongwill.

4.Maryputtheflowersinthecentreofthetable.(改为否定句)

Mary____________________theflowersinthecentreofthetable.

5.Thevillagershavesetouttolookforthelostsheep.(改为否定句)

Thevillagers____________________setouttolookforthelostsheep.

6.Thegirlsaresinginganddancingattheparty.(改为选择疑问句)

__________thegirlssinging__________dancingattheparty?

7.Postmendeliverlettersandmagazineseveryday.(改为一般疑问句)

__________postmen__________lettersandmagazineseveryday?

8.I’veneverbeentoSouthChina.(改为一般疑问句)

__________you__________beentoChina?

9.TheShanghaiRadioandTVTowerstandsinPudongNewArea.(改为一般疑问句)

__________theShanghaiRadioandTVTower__________inPudongNewArea?

10.Someprofessorswilldiscussforeignlanguageteachingataninternationalconferencenextmonth.(改为一般疑问句)

__________someprofessors__________foreignlanguageteachingataninternationalconferencenextmonth?

【答案】1.doesn’tsound2.don’tmanage3.doesn’thave4.didn’tput5.haven’tset

6.Are,or7.Do,deliver8.Have,ever9.Does,stand10.Will,discuss

 

Ⅲ.动词的时态

i.一般现在时

1.表示普遍真理或客观事实。

2.表示现在的习惯动作或状态。

3.表示将来时间(用于某些条件状语从句和时间状语从句中)。

4.一般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同,但在主语为第三人称单数时,词尾加-s或-es,其规则如下:

1)一般动词都在词尾加-s,如:

digs,sings,looks,lives,cleans等;

2)当动词以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾时,加-es,如:

presses,washes,watches,fixes,goes等;

3)当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时,先将y变成i,再加-es,如:

flies,cries,studies等。

5.动词be的一般现在时,依据不同人称和数分别采用am,is,are三种形式。

动词have的一般现在时,依据不同人称和数分别采用have,has两种形式。

6.一般现在时常用的时间状语:

often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等。

ii.一般过去时

1.表示过去某时发生的事情。

2.表示过去的习惯性动作。

3.一般过去时的动词形式除不规则动词之外,通常以动词原形加-ed表示,即动词的过去式;动词be的过去式为was,were。

动词过去式的规则如下:

1)一般动词都在词尾加-ed,如:

played,listened,turned,fixed,looked等;

2)当动词以e结尾时,只加-d,如:

liked,agreed,skated等;

3)当动词以辅音字母结尾+y结尾时,先将y变成i,再加-ed,如:

cried,studied,carried等;

4)当动词以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时,要重复词尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:

stopped,preferred,regretted等。

4.一般过去时常用的时间状语有:

yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,justnow,in1978等。

专项训练3

用所给动词的适当时态填空。

1.Thebankrobbery__________(happen)lastnight.

2.Water__________(boil)atthetemperatureof100℃.

3.ThiskindofTV__________(make)inShanghai.

4.Inthepast,there__________(be)onlysingle-deckerbuses.

5.Matter__________(change)fromonestatetoanother.

6.Theelectric__________(invent)byEdison.

7.__________(raise)yourhandifyou__________(know)theanswer.

8.Tom__________(drop)thevase(花瓶)and__________(break)itamomentago.

9.Yesterdayhe__________(notrealize)whataseriousmistakehe__________(make).

10.TheFirstWorldWar__________(take)placein1914.OldJohn__________(fight)init.

【答案】1.happened2.boils3.ismade4.were5.changes6.wasinvented

7.Raise,know8.dropped,broke9.didn’trealize,hadmade10.took,fought

选择填空。

1.Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong__________inRussia?

A.didyoustayB.haveyoustayed

C.wereyoustayingD.haveyoubeenstaying

2.Themanager__________thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestockwentdown.

A.saidB.talkedC.toldD.spoke

3.-I__________you__________out.

-No.Ihavebeenhereallthetime.

A.think,havebeenB.think,are

C.thought,wereD.thought,hadbeen

4.Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation__________?

A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe

5.-Jimisnotcomingtothepartytonight.

-Buthe__________!

A.promiseB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised

6.Tomysurprise,he__________forthe“MyShow”Contest,hopingtobeastar.

A.cameB.leftC.wentD.entered

iii.现在进行时

1.表示说话时正在进行的动作。

2.表示现阶段暂时的习惯性动作,该动作说话时不一定正在进行。

3.表示不断重复的动作,常常always等频度副词,而且带有感情色彩。

4.表示渐进的过程,通常适用于表示“转变”的动词。

5.表示即将发生的事情,通常适用于暂短性动词。

6.现在进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be(am,is,are)及动词原形加-ing,即动词的现在分词表示,其规则如下:

1)一般动词都在词尾加-ing,如:

working,planting,carrying,discussing等;

2)当动词以-e结尾时,先去掉-e,再加-ing,如:

shining,leaving,skating,writing等。

以-oe,-ee,-ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing,如:

hoeing,dyeing,agreeing等。

还有特殊变化的,如:

die+ing→dying,lie+ing→lying

3)当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时,要重复词尾的辅音字母,再加-ing,如:

running,stopping,swimming,beginning等。

7.现在进行时常用的时间状语有:

now,nowadays,atthemoment,thesedays等。

iv.过去进行时

1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。

2.表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。

3.表示过去不断重复的动作。

4.过去进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be(was,were)加动词的现在分词-ing形式表示,其构成规则与现在进行时相同。

5.过去进行时常用的时间状语有:

thistimeyesterday,atthattime,atthemoment等。

专项训练4

用所给动词的适当时态填空。

1.Don’tmakeanynoise.Theteachers__________(have)ameeting.

2.Betty__________(make)atelephonecalltoherpenpalatthattimeyesterday.

3.I__________(notdo)anythingatthemoment.

4.Hetoldmethatmymother__________(wait)formeoutside.

5.Springishere.It__________(get)warmerandwarmer.

6.What__________you__________(do)whenIcalledyouyesterdayevening?

7.Allthosewastes__________(pollute)theriverthesedays.

8.Mymother__________(cook)inthekitchenwhenmyfatherreturnedhome.

9.I__________(see)himwhenI__________(walk)inthepark.

10.It__________(rain)atthemoment,sowe__________(stay)indoorsyesterdayafternoon.

【答案】1.arehaving2.wasmaking3.amnotdoing4.waswaiting5.isgetting

6.were,doing7.arepolluting8.wascooking9.saw,waswalking

10.wasraining,stayed

选择填空。

1.She___________ablousebyherselfyesterday,butIamnotsurewhetheritisready.

A.makesB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.hasmade

【分析】易错题。

2.Hewasstillworkingonhisprojectwhileothe

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