牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习.docx

1、牛津上海版中考英语动词讲解和练习第9章 动词. 及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词1. 不及物动词可以单独构成谓语。2. 及物动词必须与其宾语一起构成谓语。1）带一个宾语2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）3. 谓语动词有时态的变化，在陈述句中，随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化，以work为例，如下表所示：主语谓语（不及物动词）一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时Iworkworked shall/will workwould workam workingwas workinghave workedhad

2、 workedHe/She works worked will workwould workis working was working has worked had workedWe work workedshall/will workwould workare workingwere workinghave workedhad workedYou/Theywork workedwill workwould workare workingwere workinghave workedhad worked4. 连系动词必须与其表语一起构成谓语。连系动词be是主系表结构句子的主要系动词，它在陈述

3、句中位于主语和表语之间，随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化，如下表所示： 主语系动词 表语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时Iamwasshall/will bewould behave beenhad beenhappy.He She Itis was will be would behas beenhad beenhappyWe are were shall/will bewould behave beenhad beenhappyYou/Theyare werewill bewould behave beenhad beenhappy专项训练 1

4、选择填空。1. Look up! The kite _ high in the sky.A. flies B. flew C. has flown D. is flying2. We all know that the earth _ around the sun.A. go B. goes C. went D. is going3. Jenny _ a novel from seven to sight last eight.A. read B. was reading C. is reading D. would read4. A scarf _ you warm as the tempe

5、rature falls.A. kept B. has kept C. will keep D. would keep5. Finally, the big serious forest fire _ by the firemen yesterday.A. puts out B. put out C. was put out D. has put out6. Where _ you _? I looked for you everywhere.A. has.been B. did.go C. have.gone D. are.going7. She didnt go to see the do

6、lphin show with us because she _ it already.A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen8. The teacher told the students that they _ a school sports meeting the nest week.A. have B. had C. will have D. would have9. - _ the flight MU 823 _?- No, not yet.A. Has.arrived B. Does.arrive C. Will.have D. Is.arri

7、ving10. - This is a no-right-turn area. Dont you see the sigh?- Oh, sorry. I _ it.A. hadnt seen B. wont see C. didnt see D. doesnt see11. I _to stay at home and prepare for my test this weekend.A. have B. will have C. had D. has12. - I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my fr

8、iend.- I suppose you_ too fast. (07中考 江西南昌)A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving13. Oh, what a day! It _ heavily.A. is still raining B. was still raining C. still rained D. still rains14. _you_ up for KaiXin Wang? Its such a popular online game! Mary asked me excitedly.A. Do, sign B. Have

9、; signed C. Did; sign D. Are; signed15. Its too late now. The supermarket _.A. closes B. is closed C. is being closed D. is closed16. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 17. Now the students each _ an English -Chinese dictionary. （08 中考 南通）A. ha

10、s B. have C. is having D. are having18. The singer _ welcomed if she _ to our school.A. is; comes B. is; will comeC. will be;comes D. will be; will come19. Kepler proved that the sun _ the center of the solar system. A. is B. was C. had better D. would be. 助动词1. 助动词be（am, is, are;was, were），与动词的现在分词

11、一起，帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时。2. 助动词be （am, is, are;was, were；will be; have/has been; am/is/are being; was/were being），与动词的过去分词一起，帮助构成被动语态。3. 助动词do（does,did）帮助构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。4. 助动词have（has, had）与动词的过去分词一起，帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时，还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。5. 助动词will/shall（would/should）与动词原形一起，帮助构成一般将来时和过去将来时，还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。专项训

12、练 2 按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. The music sounds wonderful.（改为否定句）The music _ _ wonderful.2. His parents manage a small hotel.（改为否定句）His parents _ _ a small hotel3. Mr. Black has a strong will.（改为否定句）Mr. Black _ _ a strong will.4. Mary put the flowers in the centre of the table.（改为否定句）Mary _ _ the flowers in

13、the centre of the table.5. The villagers have set out to look for the lost sheep.（改为否定句）The villagers_ _ set out to look for the lost sheep.6. The girls are singing and dancing at the party.（改为选择疑问句）_ the girls singing _ dancing at the party?7. Postmen deliver letters and magazines every day.（改为一般疑问

14、句）_ postmen _ letters and magazines every day?8. Ive never been to South China.（改为一般疑问句）_ you _ been to China?9. The Shanghai Radio and TV Tower stands in Pudong New Area.（改为一般疑问句）_ the Shanghai Radio and TV Tower _ in Pudong New Area?10. Some professors will discuss foreign language teaching at an

15、international conference next month.（改为一般疑问句）_ some professors _ foreign language teaching at an international conference next month?【答案】 1. doesnt sound 2. dont manage 3. doesnt have 4. didnt put 5.havent set 6. Are, or 7. Do, deliver 8. Have, ever 9. Does, stand 10. Will, discuss . 动词的时态i. 一般现在时 1

16、. 表示普遍真理或客观事实。 2. 表示现在的习惯动作或状态。 3. 表示将来时间（用于某些条件状语从句和时间状语从句中）。 4. 一般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同，但在主语为第三人称单数时，词尾加-s或-es，其规则如下： 1）一般动词都在词尾加-s，如：digs, sings, looks, lives, cleans等； 2）当动词以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾时，加-es，如：presses, washes, watches, fixes, goes等； 3）当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，先将y变成i，再加-es，如：flies, cries, studies等。 5. 动词be的一

17、般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别采用am, is, are三种形式。 动词have的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别采用have, has两种形式。 6. 一般现在时常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week等。ii. 一般过去时 1. 表示过去某时发生的事情。 2. 表示过去的习惯性动作。3. 一般过去时的动词形式除不规则动词之外，通常以动词原形加-ed表示，即动词的过去式；动词be的过去式为was, were。动词过去式的规则如下： 1）一般动词都在词尾加-ed，如：played, listened, t

18、urned, fixed, looked等； 2）当动词以e结尾时，只加-d，如：liked, agreed, skated等； 3）当动词以辅音字母结尾+y结尾时，先将y变成i，再加-ed，如：cried, studied, carried等； 4）当动词以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped, preferred, regretted等。 4. 一般过去时常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last year, three years ago, just now, in 1978等。专项训练 3用所给动词的适当时态填空。1. The ba

19、nk robbery _ (happen) last night.2. Water _ (boil) at the temperature of 100.3. This kind of TV _ (make) in Shanghai.4. In the past, there _ (be) only single-decker buses.5. Matter _ (change) from one state to another.6. The electric _ (invent) by Edison.7. _ (raise) your hand if you _ (know) the an

20、swer.8. Tom _ (drop) the vase(花瓶)and _ (break) it a moment ago.9. Yesterday he _ (not realize) what a serious mistake he _ (make).10. The First World War _ (take) place in 1914. Old John _ (fight) in it.【答案】 1. happened 2. boils 3. is made 4. were 5. changes 6. was invented 7. Raise, know 8. dropped

21、, broke 9. didnt realize, had made 10. took, fought选择填空。1. Glad to see you back. How long_ in Russia?A. did you stay B. have you stayedC. were you staying D. have you been staying2. The manager_ that the business would be worse after the stock went down.A. said B. talked C. told D. spoke3. - I _ you

22、 _ out.- No. I have been here all the time.A. think, have been B. think, areC. thought, were D. thought, had been4. Could you tell me where the railway station _?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be5. - Jim is not coming to the party tonight.- But he_ !A. promise B. promised C. will promise D. had pr

23、omised6. To my surprise, he _ for the “My Show” Contest, hoping to be a star.A. came B. left C. went D. enterediii. 现在进行时1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。2. 表示现阶段暂时的习惯性动作，该动作说话时不一定正在进行。3. 表示不断重复的动作，常常always等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。4. 表示渐进的过程，通常适用于表示“转变”的动词。5. 表示即将发生的事情，通常适用于暂短性动词。6. 现在进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be（am, is, are）及动词原形加-ing，即

24、动词的现在分词表示，其规则如下： 1）一般动词都在词尾加-ing, 如：working, planting, carrying, discussing等； 2）当动词以-e结尾时，先去掉-e，再加-ing, 如：shining, leaving, skating, writing等。 以-oe, -ee, -ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing，如：hoeing, dyeing, agreeing等。 还有特殊变化的，如：die+ingdying, lie+inglying 3）当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing, 如： running, stopping,

25、swimming, beginning等。7. 现在进行时常用的时间状语有：now, nowadays, at the moment, these days等。iv. 过去进行时1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。2. 表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。3. 表示过去不断重复的动作。4. 过去进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be（was, were）加动词的现在分词-ing形式表示，其构成规则与现在进行时相同。5. 过去进行时常用的时间状语有：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment等。专项训练 4用所给动词的适当时态填空。1. Dont mak

26、e any noise. The teachers _ (have) a meeting.2. Betty _ (make) a telephone call to her pen pal at that time yesterday.3. I _ (not do) anything at the moment.4. He told me that my mother _ (wait) for me outside. 5. Spring is here. It _ (get) warmer and warmer.6. What _ you _ (do) when I called you ye

27、sterday evening?7. All those wastes _ (pollute) the river these days.8. My mother _ (cook) in the kitchen when my father returned home. 9. I _ (see) him when I _ (walk) in the park. 10. It _(rain) at the moment, so we _ (stay) indoors yesterday afternoon. 【答案】 1. are having 2. was making 3. am not d

28、oing 4. was waiting 5. is getting 6. were, doing 7. are polluting 8. was cooking 9. saw, was walking10. was raining, stayed选择填空。1. She _ a blouse by herself yesterday, but I am not sure whether it is ready.A. makes B. had made C. was making D. has made【分析】易错题。2. He was still working on his project while othe