高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元综合测评 新人教版必修3.docx

高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元综合测评 新人教版必修3.docx

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高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元综合测评新人教版必修3

Unit4　Astronomy:

thescienceofthestars

（时间：

90分钟　满分：

110分）

第一部分　阅读理解（共两节；满分30分）

第一节　（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Whatsciencefiction（story）oncetoldaboutotherworldsfarawayisnowafact.Astronomers（expertsatthescienceoftheuniverse）proveanothersolar（ofthesun）systemlikeourswithsomeplanetsintheconstellationAndromeda（仙女座）．

GeoffreyMarcyisaprofessorofastronomyandphysicsatSanFranciscoStateUniversityandsays,“Whatwehavefoundnow，forthefirsttimeever,isindeedafully－grownsystem－ofplanetsaroundthestarUpsilonAndromeda.Itappearstohavethreeplanets，oneclosein，oneatamiddledistance，andonefartherout.Thestarisslightlylargerthanoursun.Theplanetsarehuge，likeourJupiter（木星）．”

Marcy'spartnerinthisresearch，DebraFischer,describesthesolarsystem，“Herearetheinnerplanetthatgoesaroundevery46days,themiddleplanetthatgoesaroundevery242days,andthentheouterplanetthatgoesaroundeverythreeandahalftofouryears.”

Astronomically,it'snotfaraway,44lightyears.Thesunofthatsolarsystem，UpsilonAndromeda，issonearandbrightthatitcanbeseenbyusingnoequipmentduringsummerandfall.

Fortwelveyearsastronomerssearchedtheskiesinthebeliefthatifoursunhasplanetsaroundit,surelyothersdo,too.GeoffreyMarcysays,“Andthenstartingthreeandahalfyearsago,webeganfindingforthefirsttimeplanetssingly,oneplanetherearoundonestar...”

“WhenIlookupatthestarsnowatnight,Icanimagineeasilythateveryoneofthemhasplanetsaroundthem，”saysDebraFischer.

Itwasatremble（shaking）inthestarthatledMarcytotheplanets.“Thestarrocksaroundduetothegravityoftheplanetasadogownergetspulledaroundbyalittledog.”

Cantheysupportlife?

Wedon'tknow,becausepresenttechnologyisnotadvancedenoughtodeterminewhattheplanetsaremadeof.That,Marcysays，isastronomy'snextchallenge.

1．What'stherelationbetweenAndromeda（A）,UpsilonAndromedasystem（U）andthementionedthreeplanets（P）?

A

B

C

D

答案与解析：

B　推理判断题。

通读全文可知Andromeda是一个星座，像太阳系；UpsilonAndromeda是一颗恒星，像太阳；threeplanets是它的三个卫星，因此可推出B项正确。

2．AccordingtoDebraFischer，inthenewsolarsystem,________.

A．thefartheraplanetisfromthestar,thelongerittakestogoaroundthestar

B．thelargeraplanetis，theshorterittakestogoaroundthestar

C．ittakesalltheplanetsaroundthreeandahalftofouryearstogoaroundthestar

D．theplanetsmovearoundthestaratthesame（均匀）speed

答案与解析：

A　推理判断题。

根据天文常识及本文所述，任何行星的卫星的运转周期不可能是一致的，越是远离行星，一般运转周期越长。

3．WhatledtoMarcy'sdiscoveryoftheplanets?

A．Thathefoundadogownerwaspulledbyhisdog.

B．ThetrembleofUpsilonAndromeda.

C．Thatanyplanethasgravity.

D．Thathebelievesanystarhasitsplanets.

答案与解析：

B　细节理解题。

由倒数第二段可知。

4．Wecaninferthatthescientistsare________.

A．tofindoutwhethertheplanetscansupportlife

B．tofindmeanstocommunicatewiththelivingbeingsontheplanets

C．tofindmeanstotraveltotheplanets

D．soontobeabletoanswerthequestionofwhetherthereislifeontheseplanets

答案与解析：

A　推理判断题。

其他几项提到的不是本文重点或没提及。

B

Theearthistheonlyplanetthatscientiststhinkhaslife.Whydoestheearthhavelifewhiletheotherplanets（行星）don't?

Foronething,theearthisjusttherighttemperature.Asthe_third_planetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetswhichareclosertothesunarehotthattheirsurfacesbake（烘烤）inthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs.

Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedabout4billionyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.

Onlyoneotherplanetinthesolarsystemseemstobesomethingliketheearth.ThatplanetisMars（火星）.Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.Butitisnottoocoldforhumans.Onsomedays,thetemperaturesareaslowasawinterdayinthenorthernUnitedStates.Ifyouworeaspecialspacesuit,youcouldwalkaroundonMars.Youwouldhavetobringyourownairtobreathe,theaironMarsistoothintobreathe.

Marshasthelargestvolcano（火山）inthesolarsystem.Itissixteenmileshigh.Thehighestvolcanoontheearthisfivemileshigh.Themostunexpected（未预测到的）sightonMarsisdriedupriverbeds.ScientistsbelievethatMarswasoncemuchbetterthanitisnow.DoesthismeantherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars?

Scientistsarenotsure,buttherehasbeennosignsofar.

5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthattheearthhaslife?

A.Theearthisjusttherighttemperature.

B.ThevolcanosoneartharelowerthanthoseonMars.

C.Thereisoxygenintheatmosphereoftheearth.

D.Theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceawayfromthesun.

答案与解析：

B　细节理解题。

文中提到地球是可证实的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星，其原因包括地球合适的温度、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。

B项火山与此无关。

6．Theunderlinedphrase“thethirdplanet”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.

A.theSunB.theMoon

C.theEarthD.theMars

答案与解析：

C　词义猜测题。

根据第一段中内容可知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。

7．WhichofthefollowingabouttheMarsisNOTtrue?

A.TherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars.

B.Marshasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem.

C.ThereisalmostnooxygenintheaironMars.

D.Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.

答案与解析：

A　细节理解题。

文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，因为还没有生命迹象，故A项不正确。

其他三项都与文章相符。

C

Manyofusarefascinatedbytimetravel.Whowouldn'tbeenthralledbyreturningtothepastorseeingthefuture?

Buttimetravelseemstobepossibleonlyinourimagination—orinmostcases,insciencefiction.

Sciencefictionisaworldwhereimpossiblethingscanbecomepossible.Butsciencefictionisnotentirelyfictionsinceitisbasedonsciencetheoriesandprinciples.Ihavecompiledsomeofthepopularwaysbywhichtimetravelismadepossibleinfictionbooks：

●Throughthewormhole（虫孔）—Itisashortcutbetweenpointsinspace－time.AccordingtoEinstein,anobjectcanpassthroughthisifitcantravelatthespeedoflightwithinfinitemass.AnexampleofawormholeisdescribedinRiddleoftheRedBible.

●Throughablackhole—Ablackholeisavacuuminspacewherelightcannotevenescapeorpassthrough.Insomesci－fimovies,likeStarTrek,blackholesbecomethemeanstotravelthroughtime.

●Throughtimemachines—Infiction,timemachinesarecomplexvehiclesthatcantravelfasterthanlight.AtimemachinecanbeastrangevehiclelikeTARDISinDoctorWhooraspeciallymodifiedcarliketheoneusedinBacktotheFuture.

●Throughaparallel（平行的）universe—Anotherpopularwaytotravelthroughtimeistobeabletosliporslideintoaparalleluniversewhereonecangobacktoapointintimeandseeadifferentreality.

Thoughweknowtimetravelmaynotbepossible,itisstillanentertainingsubjectandaheatedtopicformostofus.

语篇解读　本文作者在文中介绍了科幻小说里讲述时间旅行的几种方式。

8．Theunderlinedword“enthralled”inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby“________”．

A．thrilledB．confused

C．shockedD．upset

答案与解析：

A　词义猜测题。

从第一段中的“Manyofusarefascinatedbytimetravel”和“returningtothepastorseeingthefuture”可推知，画线词意为“被迷住的，着迷的”，与A项意思最为接近。

9．Themeansoftravellingthroughablackholeisdescribedin________.

A．DoctorWho

B．BacktotheFuture

C．StarTrek

D．RiddleoftheRedBible

答案与解析：

C　细节理解题。

从第四段中的“likeStarTrek，blackholesbecomethemeanstotravelthroughtime”可知选C。

10．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Timetravelwillneverbecomepossibleeveninthefarfuture.

B．Timetravelthroughatimemachinewillbethemostcommonmeans.

C．Sci－fiwritershavesomesimilarexperienceastheydescribeintheirfiction.

D．Manywaysoftimetravelaredescribedinsciencefictionbesidesthementionedfours.

答案与解析：

D　推理判断题。

从第二段最后一句中的“someofthepopularwaysbywhichtimetravelismadepossibleinfictionbooks”这一信息可知，除了作者在文章中列举的这些方式之外，科幻小说里还介绍了其他方式。

所以选D。

第二节　（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Friendsareimportanttochildren.Researchshowsthatchildrenwhohavenofriendsmightsufferfromdifficultieslaterinlife.__11__Inmakingfriends,childrencanalsolearnhowtocommunicatewithothersandsolveproblems.

Inordertohelpyourchildrenmakefriends,youneedtounderstandthestepschildrentakeinbuildingfriendships.

★Beafriendtoyourchildrenathome.__12__Childrenbegintodevelopthenecessaryabilitytogooutandmeetothersthroughgettingalongwiththeirparents.Greetthechildrenwarmlyandletthemknowyouaregladtoseethem.Childrenlearnalotfromthetimetheirparentsspendwiththem.

★Teachyourchildrenhowtosolveconflicts（争执）.__13__Ifyouknowthechildrenhaveaconflict,letthemworkitoutontheirown.Onlystepinifitisreallynecessary.Forexample,anargumentisleadingtoafight.

★__14__Haveyourchildrenplaygamesthatrequirecooperation.Forexample,relayracesarefunandprovideplentyofpracticeinteamwork.

★__15__Youcanencourageyourchildrentodothisbysettinganexampletothemwhensomeonegivesyouahand.

A.Goodfriendshipsstartathome.

B.Encourageyourchildrentoshowthankstoothers.

C.Givechildrenchancestopracticeworkingtogether.

D.Friendshipprovideschildrenwithmorethanjustfun.

E.Childrenshouldbewisewhenchoosingtheirfriends.

F.Aschildrengrow