Windows Distributed File System.docx

Windows Distributed File System.docx

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WindowsDistributedFileSystem

SimplifyingInfrastructureComplexitywiththe

WindowsDistributedFileSystem

MicrosoftCorporation

Published:

March2003

Abstract

TheMicrosoft®DistributedFileSystem（DFS）isastrategicstoragemanagementarchitecturethatcreatesadministrativeflexibilityandreducesthelong-termcostofstorageownershipforenterprises.Justasafilesystemprovidesuniformaccesstocollectionsofsectorsondisks,DFSprovidesuniform,simplifiedaccesstoservers,shares,andfiles.ThisdocumentreviewsDFSanddescribesitsbenefitsforITprofessionals,businessdecisionmakers,andanyonewhowantstolearnhowtomanagefileserversandsharesmoreefficiently.

TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.

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©2003MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.

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Contents

Introduction1

AboutThisDocument2

IsYourNetworkStorageMaximizingResources?

3

ALossofTimeandProductivity3

UnusedStorageSpace3

AddedCosts3

HowDFSSimplifiesComplexityandStreamlinesNetworkStorage4

HowDFSWorks4

ASecureArchitecture7

DFSSetup8

Summary11

GlossaryofDFSTerminology12

RelatedLinks13

Introduction

Iftherewereaneasywaytoview,access,andmanagefilesscatteredacrossthemultiplefileserversandsharesthatmakeupmostenterprisenetworks,wouldn’tyouwanttotakeadvantageofit?

Thereis.It’scalledtheDistributedFileSystem（DFS）,anefficientandcosteffectivestoragearchitectureforMicrosoft®Windowsenvironments—andyouprobablyalreadyhaveit.DFSdoesmorethanhelpyoumanagefilesacrosssharesandservers.Italsoprovidesfault-tolerantaccess,anadvantageforusersandadministratorsalike,aswellasothercost-savingenterprisebenefits.

ToappreciatewhyDFScanbeafilemanagementbreakthroughforyourITorganization,ithelpstounderstandtheproblemsthatitsolves.ThegoalofmostITgroupsistomanagefileandserverresourcesefficientlywhilekeepingthemavailableandsecureforusers.Asnetworksexpandtoincludemoreusersaswellasmultiplephysicaldevices—locatedonsiteorremotely—ITadministratorsfinditincreasinglydifficulttokeepusersconnectedtothefilestheyneed.Ononehand,distributingresourcesacrossanetworkmakesthemmoreavailabletomorepeopleandpromotescross-organizationalefforts—thatis,everyonecanhaveaccesstotheinformationtheyneed.Ontheotherhand,fileserversseemtocropupovernightintoday’swideareanetworks（WAN）,makingithardforuserstoknowwheretolookforinformationbutalsoeasyforthemtocreateandduplicatefiles.Vastquantitiesofnetworkstoragespaceandbandwidtharequicklyconsumedinamannerthat’sdifficultforITgroupstosupport.Simplyswappingoutanoldserverbecomesamajorcommunicationchorewhenusersacrossanenterprisemustbenotifiedtoupdatenecessarylinksandfilepaths.

Fromthisperspective,thesuccessofthedistributedparadigmhasbecomeitsliabilityasorganizationsstruggletomanagetheirdecentralizedresources.ButDFSchangesallthat.DFSisastrategicstoragemanagementsolutionthatgivesadministratorsamoreflexiblewaytocentrallymanagetheirdistributedresources.WithDFS,administratorscancreatesimplifiedviewsoffoldersandfiles—thatis,avirtualorganizationcalledanamespace—regardlessofwherethosefilesphysicallyresideinanetwork.Anamespacemakesfilepathstransparentfromauser’sperspective.Forexample,whenthenameofafileserverchanges,theuser’sintuitive,virtualDFSpathsdonotbreak.DFSstoresthepathnameslogicallyasasinglenamespace,asignificantchangefromthetraditionaldatamanagementapproaches.

WithgloballyavailableDFSnamespaces,fileserversbecomehighlyavailableforaccessacrosstheenterprise.OrganizationsofanysizecanbenefitfromthefollowingenhancedbenefitsofDFS:

∙Simplifiedaccesstofilesandfolders.DFSprovidesanintuitivewayforuserstoaccessmultiplefileserversthroughoutyourorganization.Fileandfolderreplicascanevenbemadeavailableacrossmultiplesitestoprovideinexpensiveaccesstouserswithineachsite.

∙Easiermaintenance.BecauseDFSeliminatesmachinenamedependenciesandprovidesauniform,virtualfolderspaceforendusers,youcanperformmaintenancetasks,suchasserverconsolidationordatamigration,withoutaffectinghowusersandapplicationslocatedata.Becausethesharesarevirtual,administratorshavemoreflexibilitytomoveshares.Serversaren’ttieddirectlytosharenames.Asaresult,serverscanbereplaced,changed,ormovedwithoutimpactingthesharenameoravailability.

∙Increasedcostsavings.Managingstorageinadistributedenvironmentcancostasmuchas75percentofanorganization’sITbudgetaccordingtoaGartnerGroupstudy.DFScanreducethisexpensethroughmoreefficientmanagementofexistingresources.

∙Fault-tolerantfileaccess.DFStransparentlyroutesclientstothenextavailableserverintheeventoffailuresouserscanalwaysaccessshareswhileremainingunawareofanyproblem.

∙Highavailabilityandperformance.DFSprovidesloaddistribution,makingdatahighlyavailable.Inenvironmentswheremultipleservershavethousandsofusers,fileserverresponseisenhanced.

∙Improvedfilepathperformance.DFSprovidestheaddedbenefitofreduceddelaysthatoccurwhenuser’saccessheavilyusedsharedfolders.

∙Smartaccesstoresources.ThroughDFS,clientscanaccesstheclosestresourcesandfileservers,reducingstressonnetworkbandwidth.

What’sNewinWindowsServer2003forDFS

TherearenumberofenhancedfeaturesintheDFSinWindowsServer2003.Theseinclude:

MultiplenamespacesperDFSServer.AsingleWindowsServer2003DFSservercannowhosthundredsofDFSnamespaces（supportedbyWindowsServer2003EnterpriseandDatacentereditionsonly）,whichincreasesnamespaceflexibilitywithoutrequiringadditionalservers.

Enhancedmultiple-rootDFS.DFSnowallowsformorethan16roottargetsandthenumberofDFStargetscanbescaledacrosswidelyseparatedgeographiclocations.ThenumberofroottargetscanrangeintothehundredsandwilldependonseveralfactorsincludingthesizeoftheroottargetDFSnamespacemetadata.

IntegratedwithMicrosoftActiveDirectory®linkcosting.WhenDFSisimplementedinconjunctionwithanorganization’sexistingActiveDirectoryservice,DFSranksallavailableclient-serverconnectionsbythesitelinkcostdefinedinActiveDirectory.Userscanthentransparentlyaccessdatafromthenearestavailablefilereplica.

Dynamicsiteselection.WindowsServer2003DFSrootserversdynamicallydetectwhenDFSrootserversorlinktargetschangesites.Thismakesiteasiertorelocateserverstootherpartsofyournetworkandensuresthatsiteselectionremainspredictableandefficient.

Enhancedscript-basedmanagement.MicrosoftWindowsServer2003offerssignificantlyenhancedcommandlinetoolsforscriptingcreation,updates,anddeletionsofDFSnamespaces.Foreveneasiermanagement,scriptscanbeusedtomonitorandbackupDFS.

Improvedreplicationmanagement.TheDFSsnap-ininWindowsServer2003supportsconfigurablereplicationtopologiesincludingring,fullmesh,hub-and-spoke,andcustom.InadditionWindowsServer2003includesarangeofnewtoolsformonitoringfilereplication.

AboutThisDocument

IfyourorganizationalreadyhasfileserversrunningMicrosoftWindowsNT®4orWindows2000,butyouhavenotyetimplementedDFS,thistechnicalarticlecanhelpyouunderstandthebenefitsofadoptingDFS.ThisdocumentalsointroducesyoutothemanyimprovementstoDFSintheWindowsServer2003,StandardEdition;WindowsServer2003,EnterpriseEdition;andWindowsServer2003,DatacenterEdition,operatingsystems（collectivelyreferredtoasWindowsServer2003inthisarticle）.

IsYourNetworkStorageMaximizingResources?

Considerhowanetworkgrows.Fromtheinitialplan,anenterpriseWANoftengrowshaphazardlyasorganizationswithintheenterpriseacquiretheirownfileserversandusersandapplicationsquicklytakeadvantageofanduseupthenewresources.Manyorganizationshavehundredsoffileserversthroughouttheenterprise.