初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案
英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that弓I，一般疑问用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，弓I导词后陈述式。
一.基本讲解
来源：
直接引语变间接引语
概念:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾
语。
e.g.Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.
Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.动词宾语）
MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.介词宾语）
1•引导词
（1）that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。
e.g.Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”
Shesaid（that）shewantedtogothere.
Theyallknow（that）Jimisgoodatskating.
⑵whether或if引导的宾语从句，由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，
陈述语序。
e.g.“AreyoUnterestedingeography?
”shesaid.
Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.
Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.
I?
mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.
注意：
一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外
a.介词短语后只用whether不用if
e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.
e.g.Ican?
tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime
c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，表示,如果？
，不能用
whether.
e.g.Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.
Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.
⑶特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：
how,when,where,why,whichwhose.
What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。
e.g.,Whatdoyouwant?
?
Heasked.
HeaskedmewhatIwanted.
Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.
Idon?
tknowhowtodealwithit.
Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.
对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：
Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.（what做主语）
Hedoesn?
tknowwhattodonow.（做宾语）
Heaskedmewhohewas.（who做表语）
2•宾语从句时态a・主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
e.g.Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?
I?
msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.
ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.
b・当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
Shedidn?
tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（过去一般）
Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）
IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica/过去将来）
注意：
当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，
科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。
例如：
e.g.Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound）
Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving）
3•语序：
陈述语序，主+谓+其他
*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?
（Couldyoupleasetellme
CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?
*Hassheseenthemovie（Heasked）
Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.
*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter/wrongwithyou?
、宾语从句的转化
1•当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。
如：
e.g.Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.
—Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.
2•当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decid等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成疑问词+不定式结构”
如：
e.g.Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.
—sheforgottotakeit
3.当主句谓语动词是find,seewatch,hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：
e.g.Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.
—Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
3.否定转移
e.g.Idon?
tthinkheiscool.我认为他并不酷
常用词：
believe,suppose等
4.注意问题和易错点
1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响
（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）
2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）
3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢
e.g.Idon?
tknowwhosheislookingat.容易丢了at）
4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，
说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有
who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why,what不能用语定从,只用于宾从）
5.混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句
e.g.Jimdidn?
tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.HaveyoudecidedforAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlived
C.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedm.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4」thinkyouwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5」didn?
tknohewillcomeornot.
A.
thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
8.Askhim.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthis
C.
9」don?
tknow—.
A.whattimethemoviestarts
C.thetimetostartthemovie
B.whattimestartsthemovie
D.themoviewhattimestarts
thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong__
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenill
C.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn?
tsay___.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.
B.whosepenthisis
D.whomthepenbelongto
Doyouknow?
A.whosepenisthis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetape
C.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows__theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn?
tknow___.
A.whereisTim?
sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddo
C.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon?
tknow_withtherubbishanditpollutesoutland
andsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodo
C.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme__.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
hewillcometomorrow.
B.whether;Whether
D.if;If
2.Idon'tknowthedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.how
C.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwherenow?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
11.Idon?
tknowhewillbebackhome.
A.whoB.what—C.whenD.where
12.Couldyoutellme?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
13.Doyoustillremember?
A.thathesaidB.whathesaid
C.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay
14.Ican?
tunderstandtheboyalone.
A.whysheleftydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft
15.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.
A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen
16.Theytriedtofindoutthenewtrain.
A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgone
C.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrun
17.Themanagercameuptosee.
A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematterisD.what?
sthematter
18.Canyoutellme?
A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudy
C.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit
19.Heaskedhisfather.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen
C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
20.Noonetellsus_soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoitD.whattodoit
直击中考
1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscienee,butnoneofthemcantell..
A.whenUFOswillappearnexttime
B.whydohorsesknowtheway
C.wherewasthiskindofplantfound
D.howdoelephantscommunicate
2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?
——Sorry.Idon?
tknow..
A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad
C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad
3.---MayIcomein?
I?
msorryIamlate.
---Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme.:
A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthen
C.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool
4.---Couldyoupleasetellme.?
---BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.
A.whereisHenanMuseum
B.whatHenanMuseumislike
C.howcanIgettoHenanMuseum
D.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum
5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_
A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearethey
6.---Doyouknow
---NextFriday.
A.whenwilltheyvisit
C.whendidtheyvisit
theCapitalMuseum?
B.whentheywillvisitD.whentheyvisited
C.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone
7.Hewantedtoknow__theEnglishparty.
A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhave
C.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave
8.Iwanttoknow_..
A.whenweshouldarriveattheairport
B.whenshouldwearriveattheairport
C.whentheairportweshouldarriveat
D.whentheairportshouldwearriveat
9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme
.?
---Heisadoctor.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis
11.---1wonderwithoutwater
---Aboutaweek.
A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanlive
C.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive
宾语从句巩固练习参考答案
1•参考答案D你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？
宾语从句用陈述语序。
2.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。
3.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。
4.参考答案Aif表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。
5.参考答案B有ornot,所以用whether.
6.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序.
7.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序，who作从句的宾语。
8.参考答案Awhose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
9.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。
10.参考答案D主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。
11.参考答案Cif连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。
12.参考答案Bwhose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
13.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序。
14.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。
15.参考答案C主
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