中国自主贡献英文碳减排.docx
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中国自主贡献英文碳减排
(UNOFFICIALTRANSLATION)
ENHANCEDACTIONSONCLIMATECHANGE:
CHINA’SINTENDEDNATIONALLYDETERMINEDCONTRIBUTIONS
Climatechangeistoday’scommonchallengefacedbyallhumanity.HumanactivitiessincetheIndustrialRevolution,especiallytheaccumulatedcarbondioxideemissionsfromtheintensivefossilfuelsconsumptionofdevelopedcountries,haveresultedinsignificantlyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases,exacerbatedclimatechangeprimarilycharacterizedbyglobalwarming.Climatechangehassignificantimpactsonglobalnaturalecosystems,causingtemperatureincreaseandsealevelriseaswellasmorefrequentextremeclimateevents,allofwhichposeahugechallengetothesurvivalanddevelopmentofthehumanrace.
Climatechangeisaglobalissuethatrequiresthecollaborationoftheinternationalcommunity.Foryears,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofequityandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,thePartiestotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(hereinafterreferredtoastheConvention)havebeenworkingtoenhancecooperationandachievedpositiveprogressintheimplementationoftheConvention.Tofurtherenhancethefull,effectiveandsustainedimplementationoftheConvention,negotiationsandconsultationsarenowunderwayonenhancedactionsbeyond2020,soastoreachanagreementattheConferenceofthePartiestotheConventioninParisattheendof2015.Thiswillopenupanewprospectforgreenandlow-carbondevelopmentacrosstheglobeandpromotesustainabledevelopmentworldwide.
Asadevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethan1.3billion,Chinaisamongthosecountriesthataremostseverelyaffectedbytheadverseimpactsofclimatechange.Chinaiscurrentlyintheprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanization,confrontingwithmultiplechallengesincludingeconomicdevelopment,povertyeradication,improvementoflivingstandards,environmentalprotectionandcombatingclimatechange.Toactonclimatechangeintermsofmitigatinggreenhousegasemissionsandenhancingclimateresilience,isnotonlydrivenbyChina’sdomesticneedsforsustainabledevelopmentinensuringitseconomicsecurity,energysecurity,ecologicalsecurity,foodsecurityaswellasthesafetyofpeople’slifeandpropertyandtoachievesustainabledevelopment,butalsodrivenbyitssenseofresponsibilitytofullyengageinglobalgovernance,toforgeacommunityofshareddestinyforhumankindandtopromotecommondevelopmentforallhumanbeings.
InaccordancewithrelevantdecisionsoftheConferenceofthePartiestotheConvention,ChinaherebypresentsitsenhancedactionsandmeasuresonclimatechangeasitsnationallydeterminedcontributionstowardsachievingtheobjectivesetoutinArticle2oftheConvention,whichrepresentitsutmosteffortsinaddressingclimatechange,andcontributesitsviewsonthe2015agreementnegotiationswithaviewtomakingtheParisConferenceagreatsuccess.
I.ENHANCEDACTIONSONCLIMATECHANGE
Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoaddressingclimatechangesincelong,makingitasignificantnationalstrategyforitssocialandeconomicdevelopmentandpromotinggreenandlow-carbondevelopmentasimportantcomponentoftheecologicalcivilizationprocess.Ithasalreadytakenaseriesofclimateactionswhichrepresentasignificantcontributiontocombatingtheglobalclimatechange.In2009,Chinaannouncedinternationallythatby2020itwilllowercarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40%to45%fromthe2005level,increasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoabout15%andincreasetheforestedareaby40millionhectaresandtheforeststockvolumeby1.3billioncubicmeterscomparedtothe2005levels.Inthisconnection,ChinahasenactedandimplementedtheNationalProgramonClimateChange,theWorkPlanforControllingGreenhouseGasEmissionsduringthe12thFive-YearPlanPeriod,theComprehensiveWorkPlanforEnergyConservationandEmissionReductionforthe12thFiveYearPlanPeriod,the12thFiveYearPlanforEnergyConservationandEmissionReduction,the2014-2015ActionPlanforEnergyConservation,EmissionReductionandLow-CarbonDevelopment,andtheNationalPlanonClimateChange(2014-2020).Chinahasacceleratedtheadjustmentofitsindustryandenergystructuresandinvestedgreateffortsinimprovingenergyefficiency,loweringcarbonemissionsandenhancingtheecosystem.Chinahasinitiatedcarbonemissiontradingpilotsin7provincesandcitiesandlow-carbondevelopmentpilotsin42provincesandcitiestoexploreanewmodeoflow-carbondevelopmentconsistentwithitsprevailingnationalcircumstances.By2014thefollowinghasbeenachieved:
•CarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPis33.8%lowerthanthe2005level;
•Theshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionis11.2%;
•Theforestedareaandforeststockvolumeareincreasedrespectivelyby21.6millionhectaresand2.188billioncubicmeterscomparedtothe2005levels;
•Theinstalledcapacityofhydropoweris300gigawatts(2.57timesofthatfor2005);
•Theinstalledcapacityofon-gridwindpoweris95.81gigawatts(90timesofthatfor2005);
•Theinstalledcapacityofsolarpoweris28.05gigawatts(400timesofthatfor2005);and
•Theinstalledcapacityofnuclearpoweris19.88gigawatts(2.9timesofthatfor2005).
ChinaisacceleratingtheimplementationoftheNationalStrategyforClimateAdaptation,andimprovingitscapacitytorespondtoextremeclimaticeventsandmakingpositiveprogressinkeyareasofclimatechangeadaptation.Capacitybuildingoncombatingclimatechangeisfurtherstrengthened.SupportsintermsofscienceandtechnologyarefurtherenhancedbyimplementingChina’sScienceandTechnologyActionsonClimateChange.
Lookingintothefuture,Chinahasdefinedasitsstrategicgoalstocompletetheconstructionofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundwayby2020andtocreateaprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallydevelopedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrybythemiddleofthiscentury.Ithasidentifiedtransformingtheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,constructingecologicalcivilizationandholdingtoagreen,low-carbonandrecycleddevelopmentpathasitspolicyorientation.Newindustrialization,urbanization,informatization,agriculturalmodernizationandgreenisationwillbepromotedinacoordinatedmanner.Resourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionhavebecomethecardinalnationalpolicy,placingmitigationandadaptationonequalfooting,promotinginnovationinscienceandtechnologyandputtinginplacethenecessarymanagementandregulatorymechanismsandsystems.Chinawillacceleratethetransformationofenergyproductionandconsumptionandcontinuetorestructureitseconomy,optimizetheenergymix,improveenergyefficiencyandincreaseitsforestcarbonsinks,withaviewtoefficientlymitigatinggreenhousegasemissions.Chinaismakingeffortstoembarkonasustainabledevelopmentpaththatisinlinewithitsnationalcircumstancesandleadstomultiplewinsintermsofeconomicdevelopment,socialprogressandcombatingclimatechange.
Basedonitsnationalcircumstances,developmentstage,sustainabledevelopmentstrategyandinternationalresponsibility,Chinahasnationallydetermineditsactionsby2030asfollows:
•Toachievethepeakingofcarbondioxideemissionsaround2030andmakingbesteffortstopeakearly;
•TolowercarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby60%to65%fromthe2005level;
•Toincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoaround20%;and
•Toincreasetheforeststockvolumebyaround4.5billioncubicmetersonthe2005level.
Moreover,Chinawillcontinuetoproactivelyadapttoclimatechangebyenhancingmechanismsandcapacitiestoeffectivelydefendagainstclimatechangerisksinkeyareassuchasagriculture,forestryandwaterresources,aswellasincities,coastalandecologicallyvulnerableareasandtoprogressivelystrengthenearlywarningandemergencyresponsesystemsanddisasterpreventionandreductionmechanisms.
II.PoliciesandMeasurestoimplementenhancedactionsonClimateChange
Aone-thousand-milejourneystartsfromthefirststep.Toachievethenationallydeterminedactionobjectivesonclimatechangeby2030,Chinaneeds,buildingonactionsalreadytaken,tomakeasustainedeffortinfurtherimplementingenhancedpoliciesandmeasuresinareassuchasregimebuilding,productionmodeandconsumptionpattern,economicpolicy,scienceandtechnologyinnovationandinternationalcooperation.
A.ImplementingProactiveNationalStrategiesonClimateChange
•Tostrengthenlawsandregulationsonclimatechange;
•Tointegrateclimate-change-relatedobjectivesintothenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplans;
•ToformulateChina’slong-termstrategyandroadmapforlow-carbondevelopment;
•ToimplementtheNationalProgramonClimateChange(2014-2020)andprovincialclimateprograms;and
•Toimprovetheoveralladministrationofclimate-change-relatedworkandtomakecarbon-emission-relatedindicatorsplayguidingrole,bysubdividingandimplementingclimatechangetargetsandtasks,andimprovingtheperformanceevaluationandaccountabilitysystemonclimatechangeandlow-carbondevelopmenttargets.
B.ImprovingRegionalStrategiesonClimateChange
•Toimplementregionalizedclimatechangepoliciestohelpidentifydifferentiatedtargets,tasksandapproachesofclimatechangemitigationandadaptationfordifferentdevelopment-planningzones;
•TostrictlycontrolgreenhousegasemissionsinUrbanizedZonesforOptimizedDevelopment;