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宾语从句讲义
宾语从句讲义
【知识梳理】中考常考从句
一、什么是宾语从句?
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
如:
Ithink(that)youareright.
Hewassurprisedatwhatshesaidtohim.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
二、宾语从句三要素
1.连词
连词
用法
备注
that
引导陈述句
不做任何成份,无意义(一般可省略)
if/whether
引导一般疑问句
不做任何成份,表“是否”
wh/h-类特殊疑问词
引导特殊疑问句
做成份,表“特殊疑问词本身的意思”
★以下情况只能用whether
①前有介词狼
I’mnotinterestedinwhethershewillcome.
②后有todo虎
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoShanghai.
③为避歧义
(T)Letmeknowwhetheryouloveme.告诉我是否你爱我。
(F)Letmeknowifyouloveme.此句中的if既可翻译成“是否”,也可翻译成“如果”。
④discuss后
Wearediscussingwhetherwewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.
⑤直接加是否(ornot)
Iwanttoknowwhetherornotyouwillhelpme.
通常情况下使用whether…ornot
如:
Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.
2.语序
宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。
即:
主句+谓语。
如:
Idon’tknowwherearetheyfrom.(x)
Idon’tknowwheretheyarefrom.(√)
★What’sthematter?
和What’swrong?
以及Whichisthewayto……?
语序不变。
如:
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.
★Idon’tknowwhatwaswrongwithherbike.
3.时态
主句
从句
例句
一般现在时
任何时态
ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
一般过去时
过去的相应时态
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
★时态照应,口诀如下:
主现从不限
主过从必过
★真理规律永一现Theteachersaid(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.
三、宾语从句和简单句的转换
当宾语从句是以连接代词或连接副词如when,where,who,why,which,what,whose等引导时,如果主语一致,可以转化成“连接代词或副词+动词不定式”形式,从而由一个主从复合句变为一个以动词不定式做宾语的简单句。
如:
Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.
四、各种类型的宾语从句
1.动词的宾语从句
①大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
如:
Weallexpectthattheywillwin.
②部分“动词+副词”结构可以带宾语从句。
如:
I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
③动词短语也可以带宾语从句。
如:
makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
2.介词的宾语从句
①用wh/h-类的介词宾语从句
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
②用that/if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkforacompany.
3.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,
surprised等。
如:
IamsurethatIwillpasstheexam.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
判断下列从句的类别
1.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
2.Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.
3.Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.
4.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.
5.I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
6.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.
7.ItwasraininghardwhenIgotthere.
8.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
9.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
10.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
11.Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?
12.Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomework.
13.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
14.It'ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.
15.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.
16.Pleasetelluswhereheis.
17.I'llgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.
18.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
19.Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime
20.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.
21.Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?
22.I'llgowhereworkishard.
23.Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.
24.Thoughitsnowedheavily,theykeptonworking.
25.YoushoulddoitasItoldyou.
1.MayIcomein?
I’msorryIamlate.
Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?
A.whyyouarelateagainB.whyareyoulateagain
C.whyyouwerelateagainD.whywereyoulateagain
2.Peterpromisedthathe____________hissisteranelectronicdictionary.
A.hasboughtB.hadboughtC.wouldbuyD.willbuy
3.Doyouknowwhom____________?
A.doesthisjacketbelongtoB.isthisjacketbelongto
C.thisjacketbelongstoD.thisjacketisbelongingto
4.I’dliketoknow______.
A.whenwillyouaskforleaveB.whenwouldyouaskforleave
C.whenyouwillaskforleaveD.whenyouwouldaskforleave
5.Didyouknow_______at9o'clockyesterdayevening?
A.whomwasJanewaitingforB.whomisJanewaitingfor
C.whomJanewaswaitingforD.whomJaneiswaitingfor
6.Duringhislecture,thefiremanexplainedtothestudents______fromaburningbuilding.
A.howcouldtheyescapeB.howtheycouldescape
C.whatcouldtheyescapeD.whattheycouldescape
7.Theoldladycouldn’tremember________.
A.whereshehadputherglassesB.wherehadsheputherglasses
C.wheresheputsherglassesD.wheredidsheputherglasses
8.Christinasaidthatshe________anothertriptoSwedenthenextday.
A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.istakingD.hadtaken
9.Thepoliceasked_____wesawanybodybreakintothehousetostealthings.
A.whoB.ifC.whatD.where
10.Couldyoutellme________?
A.whenwillthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjing
B.whenthenextbullettrainwillleaveforNanjing
C.whenwouldthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjing
D.whenthenextbullettrainwouldleaveforNanjing
1.Couldyoutellme____________?
A.what’sArthurdoingnowB.whatwasArthurdoingnow
C.whatArthurwasdoingnowD.whatArthurisdoingnow
2.---Doyouknow______?
Heiswantedbytheheadmaster.
---Idon’tknow.Hewashereamomentago.
A.whyhasn’tTimcomebackB.whyTimhasn’tcomeback
C.whydidTimcomebackD.whyTimdidn’tcomeback
3.Doyouknow_________atthattime?
A.whothefirstcomputerinventedB.whothefirstcomputerinvents
C.whoinventedthefirstcomputerD.whoinventsthefirstcomputer
4.Couldyoupleasetellme_______tomorrowafternoon?
A.whenwillthenewfilmbeginB.whenthenewfilmwillbegin
C.whenthenewfilmwouldbeginD.whenwouldthenewfilmbegin
5.Couldyoupleasetellme___________?
A.whentheopeningceremonywillstart
B.whentheopeningceremonyhadstarted
C.whenwilltheopeningceremonystart
D.whendidtheopeningceremonystart
6.I’dliketoseeyouoffattheairport.Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whenyourplanetookoffB.whendidyourplanetakeoff
C.whenyourplanetakesoffD.whendoesyourplanetakeoff
7.Mycousinsaidthathe______aniPhone5thenextweek.
A.buyB.willbuyC.wouldbuyD.buys
8.--Couldyoupleasetellme_____inGuangzhou?
--InDecember.
A.whendidthe16thAsianGamesend
B.whenthe16thAsianGamesended
C.whendidthel6thendAsianGames
D.whenthe16thendedAsianGames
9.Chillyaskedme_________.
A.ifTimwouldgosightseeing
C.whenwouldTimgosightseeing
B.howwouldTimgosightseeing
D.wherewouldTimgosightseeing
10.Tomasked________.
A.ifhecouldjoinusB.thathewouldjoinus
C.whencouldhejoinusD.whenhecanjoinus
按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。
1.Whendoes the train arrive?
Please tell me.改为宾语从句
Please tell me ___________________.
2.What does he do?
Do you know?
改为宾语从句
Do you know _____ he _____?
3.Do they want fried chicken?
He asked the boys.改为宾语从句
He asked the boys_____ they _____ fried chicken
4.Was the watch made in Shanghai?
I don't know.改为宾语从句
I don't know_____ the watch _____ madein Shanghai.
5.”Do you want to try something new?
” Tom’s mother asked him.同义句
Tom's mother asked him_____ _____ _____ to try something new.
6.I think this is a good idea.改为否定句
I __________ this _____ a good idea.
7.Lucy hasn't decidedwhich trousers to buy.改为复合句
Lucy hasn't decided_____ _______________ buy.
8.I don't know how I can get to the hospital.改为简单句
I don't know _______________to the hospital
9.Were you born in the year of the dog?
改为宾语从句
She asks me if __________ born in the year of the dog.
10.We are interested to know where to grow the organic vegetables.保持原意
We are interested to know _____ we _____grow the organic vegetables.
答案:
1.MayIcomein?
I’msorryIamlate.
Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?
A.whyyouarelateagainB.whyareyoulateagain
C.whyyouwerelateagainD.whywereyoulateagain
【答案】C
【解析】考点:
宾语从句语序和could的用法。
宾语从句除个别情况以外,都使用陈述句语序,所以BD错了;另,此处could不表时态,只是委婉预期,对后面从句部分的时态不构成影响。
从句“迟到”是发生在过去的事
情,故用一般过去时,选C.whyyouwerelateagain。
2.Peterpromisedthathe____________hissisteranelectronicdictionary.
A.hasboughtB.hadboughtC.wouldbuyD.willbuy
【答案】C
【解析】考点:
宾语从句时态。
主句promised为一般过去时,所以从句时态得进行相对应的改变。
句意是“她承诺会给妹妹买电子词典”,原句是一般将来时,所以转变为过去将来时,故选C.wouldbuy。
3.Doyouknowwhom____________?
A.doesthisjacketbelongtoB.isthisjacketbelongto
C.thisjacketbelongstoD.thisjacketisbelongingto
【答案】C
【解析】考点:
宾语从句语序和时态。
宾语从句除个别情况以外,都使用陈述句语序,所以AB错了;而belongto表示“属于”不用进行时,故选C.thisjacketbelongsto。
4.I’dliketoknow______.
A.whenwillyouaskforleaveB.whenwouldyouaskforleave
C.whenyouwillaskforleaveD.whenyouwouldaskforleave
【答案】C
【解析】考点:
宾语从句语序和时态。
宾语从句除个别情况以外,都使用陈述句语序,所以AB错了;此处,主句中没有使用一般过去时,所以从句没有必要时态变化,故选C.whenyouwillaskforleave。
5.Didyouknow_______at9o'clockyesterdayevening?
A.whomwasJanewaitingforB.whomisJanewaitingfor
C.whomJanewaswaitingforD.whomJaneiswaitingfor
【答案】C
【解析】考点:
考点:
宾语从句语序和时态。
宾语从句除个别情况以外,都使用陈述句语序,所以AB错了;此处“at9o'clockyesterdayevening”是过去的具体时间,为过去进去时的时间状语,故选C.whenyouwillaskforleave。
6.Duringhislecture,thefiremanexplainedtothestudents______fromaburningbuilding.
A.howcouldtheyescapeB.howtheycouldescape
C.whatcouldtheyescapeD.whattheycouldescape
【答案】B
【解析】考点:
宾语从句引导词和语序。
宾语从句除个别情况以外,都使用陈述句语序,所以AC错了;引导词的选择与从句的句意和句型都有关系,从句后半部分from