宾语从句讲义.docx

宾语从句讲义.docx

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宾语从句讲义

宾语从句讲义

【知识梳理】中考常考从句

一、什么是宾语从句？

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类：

动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

如：

Ithink（that）youareright.

Hewassurprisedatwhatshesaidtohim.

IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.

二、宾语从句三要素

1．连词

连词

用法

备注

that

引导陈述句

不做任何成份，无意义（一般可省略）

if/whether

引导一般疑问句

不做任何成份，表“是否”

wh/h-类特殊疑问词

引导特殊疑问句

做成份，表“特殊疑问词本身的意思”

★以下情况只能用whether

①前有介词狼

I’mnotinterestedinwhethershewillcome.

②后有todo虎

Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoShanghai.

③为避歧义

（T）Letmeknowwhetheryouloveme.告诉我是否你爱我。

（F）Letmeknowifyouloveme.此句中的if既可翻译成“是否”，也可翻译成“如果”。

④discuss后

Wearediscussingwhetherwewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.

⑤直接加是否（ornot）

Iwanttoknowwhetherornotyouwillhelpme.

通常情况下使用whether…ornot

如：

Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.

2．语序

宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。

即：

主句+谓语。

如：

Idon’tknowwherearetheyfrom.（x）

Idon’tknowwheretheyarefrom.（√）

★What’sthematter？

和What’swrong?

以及Whichisthewayto……？

语序不变。

如：

Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.

★Idon’tknowwhatwaswrongwithherbike.

3．时态

主句

从句

例句

一般现在时

任何时态

ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.

一般过去时

过去的相应时态

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

★时态照应，口诀如下：

主现从不限

主过从必过

★真理规律永一现Theteachersaid（that）theearthmovesaroundthesun.

三、宾语从句和简单句的转换

当宾语从句是以连接代词或连接副词如when,where,who,why,which,what,whose等引导时，如果主语一致，可以转化成“连接代词或副词+动词不定式”形式，从而由一个主从复合句变为一个以动词不定式做宾语的简单句。

如：

Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.

四、各种类型的宾语从句

1.动词的宾语从句

①大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。

如：

Weallexpectthattheywillwin.

②部分“动词+副词”结构可以带宾语从句。

如：

I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.

Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?

③动词短语也可以带宾语从句。

如：

makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记

Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.

2.介词的宾语从句

①用wh/h-类的介词宾语从句

ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.

②用that/if引导的介词宾语从句

有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。

Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkforacompany.

3.形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:

sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,

surprised等。

如：

IamsurethatIwillpasstheexam.

IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.

判断下列从句的类别

1.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.

2.Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.

3.Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.

4.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.

5.I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.

6.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.

7.ItwasraininghardwhenIgotthere.

8.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

9.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.

10.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

11.Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?

12.Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomework.

13.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

14.It'ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.

15.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.

16.Pleasetelluswhereheis.

17.I'llgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.

18.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

19.Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime

20.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.

21.Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?

22.I'llgowhereworkishard.

23.Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.

24.Thoughitsnowedheavily,theykeptonworking.

25.YoushoulddoitasItoldyou.

1.MayIcomein?

I’msorryIamlate.

Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?

A.whyyouarelateagainB.whyareyoulateagain

C.whyyouwerelateagainD.whywereyoulateagain

2.Peterpromisedthathe____________hissisteranelectronicdictionary.

A.hasboughtB.hadboughtC.wouldbuyD.willbuy

3.Doyouknowwhom____________?

A.doesthisjacketbelongtoB.isthisjacketbelongto

C.thisjacketbelongstoD.thisjacketisbelongingto

4.I’dliketoknow______.

A.whenwillyouaskforleaveB.whenwouldyouaskforleave

C.whenyouwillaskforleaveD.whenyouwouldaskforleave

5.Didyouknow_______at9o'clockyesterdayevening?

A.whomwasJanewaitingforB.whomisJanewaitingfor

C.whomJanewaswaitingforD.whomJaneiswaitingfor

6.Duringhislecture,thefiremanexplainedtothestudents______fromaburningbuilding.

A.howcouldtheyescapeB.howtheycouldescape

C.whatcouldtheyescapeD.whattheycouldescape

7.Theoldladycouldn’tremember________.

A.whereshehadputherglassesB.wherehadsheputherglasses

C.wheresheputsherglassesD.wheredidsheputherglasses

8.Christinasaidthatshe________anothertriptoSwedenthenextday.

A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.istakingD.hadtaken

9.Thepoliceasked_____wesawanybodybreakintothehousetostealthings.

A.whoB.ifC.whatD.where

10.Couldyoutellme________?

A.whenwillthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjing

B.whenthenextbullettrainwillleaveforNanjing

C.whenwouldthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjing

D.whenthenextbullettrainwouldleaveforNanjing

1.Couldyoutellme____________?

A.what’sArthurdoingnowB.whatwasArthurdoingnow

C.whatArthurwasdoingnowD.whatArthurisdoingnow

2.---Doyouknow______?

Heiswantedbytheheadmaster.

---Idon’tknow.Hewashereamomentago.

A.whyhasn’tTimcomebackB.whyTimhasn’tcomeback

C.whydidTimcomebackD.whyTimdidn’tcomeback

3.Doyouknow_________atthattime?

A.whothefirstcomputerinventedB.whothefirstcomputerinvents

C.whoinventedthefirstcomputerD.whoinventsthefirstcomputer

4.Couldyoupleasetellme_______tomorrowafternoon?

A.whenwillthenewfilmbeginB.whenthenewfilmwillbegin

C.whenthenewfilmwouldbeginD.whenwouldthenewfilmbegin

5.Couldyoupleasetellme___________?

A.whentheopeningceremonywillstart

B.whentheopeningceremonyhadstarted

C.whenwilltheopeningceremonystart

D.whendidtheopeningceremonystart

6.I’dliketoseeyouoffattheairport.Couldyoutellme_______?

A.whenyourplanetookoffB.whendidyourplanetakeoff

C.whenyourplanetakesoffD.whendoesyourplanetakeoff

7.Mycousinsaidthathe______aniPhone5thenextweek.

A.buyB.willbuyC.wouldbuyD.buys

8.--Couldyoupleasetellme_____inGuangzhou?

--InDecember.

A.whendidthe16thAsianGamesend

B.whenthe16thAsianGamesended

C.whendidthel6thendAsianGames

D.whenthe16thendedAsianGames

9.Chillyaskedme_________.

A.ifTimwouldgosightseeing

C.whenwouldTimgosightseeing

B.howwouldTimgosightseeing

D.wherewouldTimgosightseeing

10.Tomasked________.

A.ifhecouldjoinusB.thathewouldjoinus

C.whencouldhejoinusD.whenhecanjoinus

按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。

1.Whendoes the train arrive？

 Please tell me.改为宾语从句

Please tell me ___________________.

2.What does he do?

Do you know?

改为宾语从句

Do you know _____ he _____？

3.Do they want fried chicken?

He asked the boys.改为宾语从句

He asked the boys_____ they _____ fried chicken

4.Was the watch made in Shanghai?

I don't know.改为宾语从句

I don't know_____ the watch _____ madein Shanghai.

5.”Do you want to try something new?

” Tom’s mother asked him.同义句

Tom's mother asked him_____ _____ _____ to try something new.

6.I think this is a good idea.改为否定句

I  __________ this _____ a good idea.

7.Lucy hasn't decidedwhich trousers to buy.改为复合句

Lucy hasn't decided_____ _______________ buy.

8.I don't know how I can get to the hospital.改为简单句

I don't know _______________to the hospital

9.Were you born in the year of the dog?

改为宾语从句

She asks me if __________ born in the year of the dog.

10.We are interested to know where to grow the organic vegetables.保持原意

We are interested to know _____ we _____grow the organic vegetables.

答案：

1.MayIcomein?

I’msorryIamlate.

Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?

A.whyyouarelateagainB.whyareyoulateagain

C.whyyouwerelateagainD.whywereyoulateagain

【答案】C

【解析】考点：

宾语从句语序和could的用法。

宾语从句除个别情况以外，都使用陈述句语序，所以BD错了；另，此处could不表时态，只是委婉预期，对后面从句部分的时态不构成影响。

从句“迟到”是发生在过去的事

情，故用一般过去时，选C.whyyouwerelateagain。

2.Peterpromisedthathe____________hissisteranelectronicdictionary.

A.hasboughtB.hadboughtC.wouldbuyD.willbuy

【答案】C

【解析】考点：

宾语从句时态。

主句promised为一般过去时，所以从句时态得进行相对应的改变。

句意是“她承诺会给妹妹买电子词典”，原句是一般将来时，所以转变为过去将来时，故选C.wouldbuy。

3.Doyouknowwhom____________?

A.doesthisjacketbelongtoB.isthisjacketbelongto

C.thisjacketbelongstoD.thisjacketisbelongingto

【答案】C

【解析】考点：

宾语从句语序和时态。

宾语从句除个别情况以外，都使用陈述句语序，所以AB错了；而belongto表示“属于”不用进行时，故选C.thisjacketbelongsto。

4.I’dliketoknow______.

A.whenwillyouaskforleaveB.whenwouldyouaskforleave

C.whenyouwillaskforleaveD.whenyouwouldaskforleave

【答案】C

【解析】考点：

宾语从句语序和时态。

宾语从句除个别情况以外，都使用陈述句语序，所以AB错了；此处，主句中没有使用一般过去时，所以从句没有必要时态变化，故选C.whenyouwillaskforleave。

5.Didyouknow_______at9o'clockyesterdayevening?

A.whomwasJanewaitingforB.whomisJanewaitingfor

C.whomJanewaswaitingforD.whomJaneiswaitingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考点：

考点：

宾语从句语序和时态。

宾语从句除个别情况以外，都使用陈述句语序，所以AB错了；此处“at9o'clockyesterdayevening”是过去的具体时间，为过去进去时的时间状语，故选C.whenyouwillaskforleave。

6.Duringhislecture,thefiremanexplainedtothestudents______fromaburningbuilding.

A.howcouldtheyescapeB.howtheycouldescape

C.whatcouldtheyescapeD.whattheycouldescape

【答案】B

【解析】考点：

宾语从句引导词和语序。

宾语从句除个别情况以外，都使用陈述句语序，所以AC错了；引导词的选择与从句的句意和句型都有关系，从句后半部分from