英语语法大全句子的转换与合并K12教育文档.docx

英语语法大全句子的转换与合并K12教育文档.docx

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英语语法大全句子的转换与合并K12教育文档

英语语法大全-句子的转换与合并（word版可编辑修改）

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英语语法大全-—句子的转换与合并

Ⅰ．简单句之间的转换

1781句型的转换是指一个句子由一种语法结构变为另一种语法结构,而不改变其原来的意义。

这是一种有用的练习，可以学会许多不同的说法,能从几个句子中挑选出最适当的句子形式。

A．主动语态与被动语态之间的转换

一个句子可以由主动结构变为被动结构，也可从被动结构变为主动结构（参阅1207-1209）：

Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies．

Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished．

Theyputhimtodeath．

Hewasputtodeath．

AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish．

HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen．

B．肯定句与否定句之间的转换

一个句子可以由肯定形式变为否定形式,也可由否定形式变为肯定形式：

Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty．

Iamnotsureofhishonesty．

Fewunderstandit．

Notmanyunderstandit．

Heissometimessilly．

Heisnotalwaysclever．

Itistidy．

Itisnotuntidy．

Healwaysobjected．

Heneveragreed．

Hefailedtocome．

Hedidnotcome．

Shetoldthestorywithtears．

Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears．

Onlyheknowsit．

Nobodyelseknowsit．

Helackscourage．

Heiswithoutcourage．

Heisverytired．

Heisnotalittletired．

Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness．

Hewillneverforgetyourkindness．

C．反问型问句与陈述句之间的转换

反问型问句（RhetoricalQuestions）可以转变为陈述句:

Isthatthewaytotreatyourwife？

Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife．

CanIsayanything？

Icannotsayanything．

Wherecanyoueverseeaghost?

Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere．

Whocaresaboutyou？

Nobodycaresaboutyou．

WhyshouldIapologize？

Ishouldnotapologize．

D．不同词类之间的转换

几乎任何词类都可以转换为另一词类。

可以是:

1．动词与名词间的转换:

Ourenemyisstrengthening．

Ourenemyisgainingstrength．

Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother．

Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother．Itsmellsgood．

Ithasagoodsmell．

Johndisgracesourfamily．

Johnisadisgracetoourfamily．

2．动词与形容词之间的转换:

Heneglectsmyadvice．

Heisnegligentofmyadvice．

Hefearsnothing．

Heisafraidofnothing．

Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude．

Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude．

Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet．

Theymadethestreetwideandlong．

3．动词与副词间的转换：

HesucceededinadvisingMary．

HeadvisedMarysuccessfully．

Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival．

Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully．

Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty．

Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful．

4．名词与形容词间的转换：

Heisamanofwealth．

Heisawealthyman．

Heisahusbandwithnoheart，sheisawifewithalongtongue．

Heisaheartlesshusband，sheisalong-tonguedwife．“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee．”

“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife．”

Thispolicyisofgreatimportance．

Thispolicyisveryimportant．

Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads．

Therewasonceathree-headedmonster．

5．名词与副词间的转换:

Pleasehandleitwithcare．

Pleasehandleitcarefully．

Inallprobability,itwillrainthisevening．

Mostprobably,itwillrainthisevening．

Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph．

Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly．

6．形容词与副词间的转换：

Afteracarefulanalysis，thefoodprovespoisonous．

Carefullyanalysed，thefoodprovespoisonous．

Hehateshardwork．

Hehatestoworkhard．

7．介词与连词间的转换：

Ilikehimforhisunselfishness．

Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish．

Iwillwaituntilhisreturn．

Iwillwaituntilhereturns．

图解：

Ⅱ．简单句与复合句之间的转换

1782一个分词、动名词、不定式或介词短语可以转换为复合句，反过来也如此：

—Sittingdown，hereadtheletter．

Hesatdownandhereadtheletter．

Theguestleaving,Iwenttobed．

Theguestleft，andthenIwenttobed．

Beingtiredoflife，herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives．

-Heistiredoflife，soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives．

—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment．

Heranaway，orhewouldbepunished．

Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily．

Hehastoworkhard，otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily．

Outofadesiretopleasehermother，hesentherthingsfromtimetotime．

Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime，forhedesirestopleaseher．

—Besidessellingrice，heteachesarithmeticintheevening．

Hesellsrice，andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening．

Withallhisefforts,hefailed．

Hemadeallefforts,buthefailed．

Byhisgoodmanners，hewinsherheart．

Hehasgoodmanners，thereforehewinsherheart．

Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery．

Theboyisbrave，soheisrewarded．

图解:

Ⅲ．简单句与复杂句之间的转换

1783一个词或是短语可以转变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句,反过来也如此：

A．名词从句

Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival．

Icannottellwhenhewillarrive．

Ibelieveyourstatement．

Ibelievewhatyoustate．

Iinsistedonhisstudyingart．

Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart．

Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour．

Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved．

Iwishyoutobealwayshappy．

Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy．

Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness．Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness．Ilearnofhissuccess．

Ilearnthathehassucceeded．

Hisarrivalisagreatevent．

Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent．

Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem．Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty．

图解：

B．定语从句

Heisaself－mademan．

Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts．

Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry．

Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor．

Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage．

IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn．

Shewearsasea－blueskirt．

Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea．

Weneedanatom－smashingmachine．

Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms．

Ihavenothingtosay．

IhavenothingthatIwishtosay．

Theevildonelivesafterthedoers．

Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem．

图解：

C．状语从句

Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather．

Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied．

After20yearsofservice，heretired．

Whenhehadserved20years，heretired．

Hediedinhisnativeplace．

Hediedwherehewasborn．

Hestayedathomebecauseofillness．

Hestayedathomebecausehewasill．

Inspiteofmyadvice，hepersistedingoingoutwithher．

AlthoughIadvisedhim,hepersistedingoingoutwithher．

Youmaydrinktoyourheart’scontent．

Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike．

Withoutanywater，thisplantcannotlive．

Unlessitgetssomewater,thisplantcannotlive．

Heistootiredtoworkanymore．

Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore．

Iwillinformthepolicetopunishhim．

Iwillinformthepolicesothathemaybepunished．

注：

1782中大部分短语不仅可以变为并列的分句，也可以变为状语从句。

图解：

Ⅳ．复杂句与复合句之间的转换

1784Hegainedalotofmoneyingamblingandhewishedtogambleagain．

Afterhegainedalotofmoneyingambling，hewishedtogambleagain．

Hemaybeinterestedinartandinthatcaseheshouldgotosomefineartsschool．

Ifheisinterestedinart，heshouldgotosomefineartsschool．

Recedeonestepandtheywillproceedthree．

Ifyourecedeonestep,theywillproceedthree．

Heispoor，butheisproud．

Althoughheispoor，heisproud．

Hehasfailed，yethehasdonehisbest．

Althoughhehasfailed，hehasdonehisbest．

Wemustkeepsilentorfatherwillgetangry．

Wemustkeepsilentlestfathershouldgetangry．

Hemustlivearegularlife，otherwisehewillfallill．

Unlesshelivesaregularlife，hewillfallill．

Heisaverygoodteacher,sothestudentslikehim．

Thestudentslikehim，becauseheisagoodteacher．

Theyhavesaidalltheywishtosay，thereforetheyunderstandeachotherthoroughly．

Astheyhavesaidalltheywishtosay，theyunderstandeachotherthoroughly．

图解：

Ⅴ．直接引语和间接引语之间的转换

1785说话人讲的话可以用两种方式来引用.如果引用他的原话,就称作直接引语。

因此Hesaid，“Iamveryill．”为直接引语。

如果按引用人的观点来引用，则称为间接引语。

因此Hesaidthathewasveryill．为间接引语。

Said这样的动词称为引话动词，它前面的主语，例如he，可称为第一主语。

引语中的主语，如I及he,称为第二主语。

引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。

当直接引语转换为间接引语，或间接引语转换为直接引语时，有几个问题需要注意。

A．大写与标点

直接引语放在引号之内，第一个字母要大写，引号前加逗号（间或用冒号），引语末加句号、问号或感叹号，但在间接引语中却不加这些。

间接引语必须由that,whether（if）或疑问词（who，why，when等）开头，末尾要加句号。

此外，在直接引语中问句可能有倒装语序（助动词放在主语前面），但在间接引语中，问句则需变为自然语序:

Isay，“Hewillcome．”

Isaythathewillcome．

Isay：

“Whenwillhecome?

”

Iaskwhenhewillcome．

B．引话动词与第二动词

引话动词可以是say，remark，observe，claim，explain，con—firm；ask，enquire，question；answer，reply；declare，announce；beg，urge,suggest，request,demand；order,command;object，deny,admit，agree，argue；warn,threaten；think,reflect，consider；write，cable，phone，telex;shout，laugh,sneer等等。

若引话动词是现在时或将来时，则当引语由直接变为间接时,第二动词照旧不变.但若引话动词是过去时，则间接引语中的第二动词，就要由现在时变为过去时，由过去时变为过去完成时等。

Isay（orwillsay）tohim，“Johnarrives（orwillarrive,arrived）onSunday．”

Isay（orwillsay）tohimthatJohnarrives（orwillarrive，arrived）onSunday．

Isaidtohim,“Johnarrives（orwillarrive，arrived）onSunday．

IsaidtohimthatJohnarrived（orwouldarrive，hadarrived）onSunday．

C．引话动词与连词

1．如果间接引语为陈述句,它前面通常都有：

saythat，knowthat，tellhimthat，statethat，…

2．如果它是问句，它前面通常有:

ask（him）whether（orif），inquire（ofhim）whether，demand（ofhim）whether，wonderwhether，wanttoknowwhether;或ask（him）＋W（即疑问词，如who，whom，when,why，which），inquire（ofhim）＋W，…

3．如果它是感叹句，它前面通常有：

exclaimthat,cryoutwithjoythat，…

4．如果间接引语为祈使句，它前面通常有：

demandthat，askthat，requestthat，advisethat，orderthat,…且里面包含助动词should．此外间接引语还可以转换为不定式短语，这时引话动词需要改为宾补动词：

1．Isaid，“Youareaniceboy”．

Isaidthathewasaniceboy．

Ithought，“Youwillfailagain．”

Ithoughtthathewouldfailagain．

2．Isaid,“Areyouaniceboy？

”

Iaskedwhetherhewasaniceboy．

Ithoughttomyself,“Willhefailagain？

"

Iaskedmyselfwhetherhewouldfailagain．

Ienquiredofhim，“Whoknowsit?

”

Ienquiredofhimwhoknewit．

3．Isaid，“Whataniceboyyouare！

”

Iexclaimedthathewasindeedaniceboy．

Isaid，“Hurrah！

Wehavewonthebattle．”

Icriedwithjoythatwehadwonthebattle．

Hesaid，“Curseit！

Youareafool．”

Heexcla