1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案.docx

1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案.docx

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1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案　

PartIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,D）.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.（10points）

ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld'slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime42industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive43reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.

44itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofparttimersandtemporaryworkers.This"45"workforceisthemostimportant46inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis47changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof50thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.

41.A）swarmB）strideC）separateD）slip

42.A）ForB）BecauseC）AsD）Since

43.A）fromB）inC）onD）by

44.A）EventhoughB）NowthatC）IfonlyD）Providedthat

45.A）durableB）disposableC）availableD）transferable

46.A）approachB）flowC）fashionD）trend

47.A）instantlyB）reverselyC）fundamentallyD）sufficiently

48.A）butB）whileC）andD）whereas

49.A）imposedB）restrictedC）illustratedD）confined

50.A）excitementB）convictionC）enthusiasmD）importance

PartIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.（40points）

Passage1

Itwas3:

45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'sonlineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:

“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn'tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory.”

Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIIIlawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,lifeextendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.

UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54yearoldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:

aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I'mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,”hesays.

Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat_____.

A）theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries

B）physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia

C）changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw

D）ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'spassage

Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans_____.

A）observersaretakingawaitandseeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia

B）similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries

C）observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes

D）theeffecttakingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop

WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill_____.

A）facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia

B）experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient

C）haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering

D）undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays

Theauthor'sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof_____.

A）opposition

B）suspicion

C）approval

D）indifference

Passage2

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Smallmindedofficials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUSYetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:

ifyoudidn'ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.”SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeantthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend”,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor'slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericanvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,_____.

A）rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS

B）smallmindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

C）Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors

D）mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp

Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_____.

A）cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship

B）courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated

C）variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

D）socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions

Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers_____.

A）toimprovetheirhardlife

B）inviewoftheirlongdistancetravel

C）toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife

D）outofacharitableimpulse

Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers_____.

A）tendstobesuperficialandartificial

B）isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates

C）isalwaysunderstoodproperly

D）wassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

Passage3

Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon'trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.

Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances（drugs）ispervasive:

anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaret