美国文学篇章赏析之欧阳术创编.docx

美国文学篇章赏析之欧阳术创编.docx

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美国文学篇章赏析之欧阳术创编

TheCaskofAmontillado

时间：

2021.02.02

创作：

欧阳术

Ironically,thestorytakesplaceduringthecarnivalseasonofmadnessandmerrymaking.MontresorplaysonFortunato'sprideinhiswineconnoisseurship,askinghimtoverifywhetherornotMontresor'srecentbargain-pricewinepurchaseisexpensiveamontilladoorordinarysherry.FortunatoagreesoverMontresor'sproteststhatitwouldbeanimpositionandahealthdanger,sincethevaultswherethewineisstoredarecold,dampand"encrustedwithnitre."Montresor'sexpressedconcernfortheotherman'swell-beingisatoddswithhistrueintentions.

thenamesofthewinesnotedthroughoutthestoryandtheirpossiblesymbolism.forexample,"medoc"forfortunatosohecanfendoffthecoldand"degrave"whileheiswalkingtohisowngrave.

TherearefourpossiblereasonswhyFortunatovolunteeredtocheckifitwerereallyAmontillado.

1）Hewasdrunk.2）Thefestivalwasgoingonandhewasinhighspirits.3）HewantedtoprovethathewasbetterthanLuchesi.4）Hewas,ofcourse,trickedbyMontresor.Heputinmuchexaggerationandfalsityintohis'speech'toeggFortunadointoenteringthecryptorhewouldneverbeabletoexactrevenge.

"FreeMasonrefrence"WhenMontressorwastalkingabout"being"amasonhewasprobablyrespondinginscarcasimtoFortunato'squestion.Montressorcleverlyknowsthatheisdeteringtheattentionofhisdrunkinfriendwhenhepullsouthistrowel（whichisatoolformasony）.AtthatpointintheconversationitseemsthatFortundoaknowledgeshelosttheconversationinhisintoxicationandmovesalongtotheAmontillado.

theabnormalsocialphenomenaexistinthereality,theintrigueamongpeopletogainprofitsandalsotheimmoralmeasurespeopletookforpanninggoldattheGoldRushEra.

TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty

Plot：

Thenarratorissentbyafriendonanerrandtovisitanoldman,SimonWheeler,tofindanoldacquaintanceofhisfriend,LeonidasW.Smiley.ThenarratorfindsSimonatthe"decayedminingcampofAngel's"Thenarratorasksthefat,bald-headedmanofLeonidas.Simonrespondsthathedoesn'tknowaLeonidasSmiley,butheknowsofaJimSmiley.FromthereSimontellsthestoryofJim.

Themes:

AculturedEasternerrelateshisrecentvisittoatalkativeoldmanatawesternminingcamp.RatherthanprovidinginformationthattheEasternerislookingfor,theoldmankeepshimwaitingwhilehespinsataleaboutabettingmanandhispetfrog.

CultureClash:

ithighlightsvariousaspectsoflatenineteenth-centuryAmericansocietyandculturethroughtheretellingofatalltale.Centraltothestoryistheideaofconflictingcultures,particularlytheclashbetweenthesettled,easternportionoftheUnitedStatesandthestill-developingWest.AtthetimeTwainwrotethestory,theEastanditsinhabitantshadareputationforbeingcivilized,cultured,andadvanced.TheWest,ontheotherhand,wasstillbeingsettledandwasconsideredtobepopulated.

Style:

Theframetalestructure.Inaframetale,onestoryappearsin—thatis,itisframedby—anotherstory.In"JumpingFrog"theoutertalefocusesonMarkTwainandhismeetingwiththetalkativeoldstoryteller,SimonWheeler.ThismeetingoccursattherequestofafriendofTwain's,identifiedinsomeversionsofthetaleasA.Ward,whosupposedlywantstofindoutaboutanoldacquaintancenamedLeonidasSmiley.Twainreveals,however,thathesuspectshisfriend'srequestwasmerelyapracticaljokedesignedtowastehistime.Twain'ssuspicionsaboutthemeetingandhisdescriptionsofWheelerappearinthefewparagraphsthatopenandclosetheentirestory.

幽默艺术的四个特点:

用夸张的手法突出幽默对象的本质特征;用漫画的技巧追求幽默艺术的深刻性;运用大量土语和俚语增强幽默效果;巧妙地构思出一些奇特、曲折的故事情节,增强幽默的感染力.

AClean，Well-LightedPlace

Theoldmanisafraidofthedarknessandloneliness,Heneedcafe'swhiskeytoencouragehimselftolive,toinsist.Thecaferepresentsthesoulshelterortherestharborforthetwo.

Oneman'slonelinessandisolationfromtherestoftheworld.theyoungerwaiterandtheolderonearedifferent.Theolderonehasmorexpintheworld,sohecanunderstandtheoldmanbetter.Nothingnessisthekeynoteofthewholestory.

Intheend,Hemingwayleavesuswithanuniversalitytothetaleinthat:

"Manymusthaveit."Notonlydomanypeoplehavetheinsomniaandsleeplessness,buttheyalsoexperiencelonelinessandtheneedforaclean,well-lightedplaceinwhichtofeelsafe,orperhapsinsulated.

SomehavearguedthatHemingwaycontrastslightandshadowtodifferentiatetheoldmanandtheyoungpeoplearoundhim,andusesthedeafnessoftheoldmanasasymbolforhisseparationfromtherestoftheworld.Hemingwayusesthewaiterstojudgetheoldmanandportrayhisviews.Asacleandrunk,themandoesnotspilladropashedrinksandwalks"unsteadilybutwithdignity"whenhefinallyleavesthecafé.Thewaiterstalkbetweenthemselvesastheyoungwaiteraskstheoldwaitertheman’sstory.Hewondershowanyonecouldsitalonedrinkinginthecaféinsteadofbuyingabottleforhimselfanddrinkinthecomfortofhisownhome.Itisthentheoldwaiterwhodefendstheman.Theoldwaiteracknowledgesthatitisbetterforthemantohavemanydrinksinpublicthananydrinksinprivate.

Anotherwaytoanalyzetherelationshipsbetweenthemenistocomparethemasoneperson.Theyoungwaitercomplainsabouthavingtostickaroundthecaféwaitingforthemantofinishdrinking.Heclaimsthathehasawifetogohometoandhewouldratherbeinbedthaninthecafé.Theoldwaiterdefendsthedrinkingmanbecausehecanrelateandevenseehimselfintheman.Hesympathizesknowingthathe,too,prefersacleanwelllightedplacetodrinkandwilllaterappreciatesuchaplaceinhisolddrinkingage.Theoldmanisinhisfinalyearsoflifeandtheoldwaiterrecognizesthathesoonwillhavethesamefateastheoldman.Aprogressionofageisseenamongthecharactersdemonstratingthetransitionfrombeingyoungandsocialtoagingandfeelinglonely.Hemingwayportraysadifferenceinage,experience,andopinionofdrinkingthroughtheuniquecharacters.虚无就是黑暗孤独，无希望、无意义、精神无所寄托的迷惘。

BarnBurning

Thestorydealswithclassconflicts,theinfluenceoffathers,andvengeanceasviewedthroughthethird-personperspectiveofayoung,impressionablechild.

Characters：

∙ColonelSartorisSnopes（"Sarty"）-protagonist

∙AbnerSnopes–patriarchoftheSnopesfamily,Antagonist

∙LennieSnopes–wifeofAbnerandmotherofSarty

∙Lizzie–unmarriedsisterofLennieSnopes

∙MajordeSpain-Snopes'semployer

Plotsummary：

AbnerSnopes,thefatherofyoung"Sarty"Snopes,isbeingdrivenoutoftownafterburningdownhislandlord'sbarn.InthecourtcasethatopensthestoryandinwhichSartyisinitiallycalledtotestify,nopalpableproofcanpointtoAbnerastheculprit,buttheSnopesfamilyisorderedtoleavethecounty.TheymovetoanewplacewhereAbneristoworkasasharecropperforMajordeSpain,butAbnercannotseemtocontrolhispyromaniaandhatredforsociety.

Shortlyafterarrivingathisnewposition,AbnervisitsMajordeSpain'shouseandtrackshorsedroppingsonablondrug.MajordeSpainordersAbnertocleantherug,whichhedoesbyusingaharshlyesoap,ruiningtherugbeyondrepair,beforethrowingtherugontoMajordeSpain'sfrontporch.MajordeSpainleviesonAbnerafineof20bushelsofcornagainstthepriceoftherug.Atcourt,aJusticeofthePeacereducesthefinetotenbushelsofcorn.Feelingonceagainwronged,AbnermakespreparationstosetfiretoMajordeSpain'sbarn.SartywarnsMajordeSpainofhisfather'sintentionstoburndownhisbarnandthenfleesinthedirectionofhisfather.HeissoonovertakenbyMajordeSpainonhishorseandjumpsintotheditchtogetoutoftheway.Sartyhearstwogunshots,butwhogetsshotisneverrevealed;thefatherandthebrotherappearinworkssetafter"BarnBurning."Profoundlyaffectedbyhisfather'slegacy,theboydoesnotreturntohisfamilybutcontinuesonwithhislifealone.

Theme:

AlienationandLoneliness

In"BarnBurning,"Faulknerdepictsachild,onthevergeofmoralawareness,whofindshimselfcutofffromthelargersocialworldofwhichheisgrowingconscious;thissenseofalienationtakesroot,moreover,inSarty'srelationwithhisfather,whoshouldbethemoralmodelandmeansofentryofthechildintothelargerworld.Becauseofhisfather'scriminalrecklessness,Sartyfindshimself,inthefirstpartofthestory,theobjectofaninsult.

Themostnoticeablefeatureofishissyntaxorsentencestructure.Faulkner'ssentencestendtobelong,fullofinterruptions,butworkbasicallybystringingoutseeminglymeanderingsequencesofclauses.Thesecondsentenceof"BarnBurning"offersacaseinpoint:

Itis116wordslongandcontainsbetweentwelveandsixteenclauses,dependingonhowoneparsesitout;itscontentisheterogeneous,movingfromSarty'sawarenessofthesmellofcheeseinthegeneralstorethroughthevisualimpressionmadebycannedgoodsontheshelvestotheboy'ssenseofbloodloyaltywithhisaccusedfather.Itisthesubjectivityofthecontent—senseimpressions,randomemotionsandconvictions—whichrevealsthepurposeofthesyntax.

Iffamilytiesconstituteamoralobligationontheindividual,isthereanyhighermoralitywhichmightrequiretheindividualtoactagainstafamilymember?

Thisisthequestionthatten-year-oldSartyconfronts—andanswers.

TheGreatGatsby

Theme:

CultureClash.ByjuxtaposingcharactersfromtheWestandEastinAmericainTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldwasmakingsomemoralobservationsaboutthepeoplewholivethere.ThoseintheMidwest—thenewlyarrivedNickCarraw