届二轮复习语法专题代词考点解读11页.docx

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届二轮复习语法专题代词考点解读11页.docx

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届二轮复习语法专题代词考点解读11页.docx

届二轮复习语法专题代词考点解读11页

2019届二轮复习代词考点解读

近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上,因此这类试题一般较为简单。

语法填空侧重对替代词it的用法的考查,而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。

考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数;应仔细阅读上下文,根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分,确定代词的格。

未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法,并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。

(一)语法填空常考点

1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法

典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)

谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)

①(2015·广东高考)Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.

②(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!

It’sme/mine(I).”

人称代词有主格,如I,we,they,he,she等和宾格me,us,them,him,her等之分。

主格在句中通常作主语,宾格在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等成分。

③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythreemontholdtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyits(it)mother.

④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Afewhoursbefore,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,withits(it)chokingsmog.

形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。

名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可以作主语、宾语和表语,不能用于名词前。

注意名词性物主代词在比较级中的用法。

⑤(2016·江西上饶三模)Third,antsthinkaboutsummerallwinter.Duringthewinter,theyremindthemselves,_“Thiswon’tlastlongandwe’llsoonbeoutofhere.”Onthefirstwarmday,theantsareout.

反身代词(如myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者,可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。

2.it的用法

典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)

谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)

①(2014·辽宁高考)Raiseyourlegandletitstayintheairforseconds.

②(2014·广东高考)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaiditwasawonderfulholidaydestination.

it可用作人称代词,用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。

③(2015·浙江高考改编)Howwouldyoulikeit_ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?

④(2014·陕西高考改编)I’dappreciate_itifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.

表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后常接it作形式宾语,然后再接真正的宾语(宾语从句),这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。

⑤(2014·山东高考改编)Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.

it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing形式、名词性从句。

3.不定代词和替代词的用法

典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)

谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)

①(2016·浙江高考改编)Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom_thatintheUK.

that/those可用来替代前面出现过的名词。

that替代单数名词或不可数名词,而those替代复数名词或集合名词。

②(2015·福建高考改编)Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.

both,either,neither都强调两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。

neither表示“两者都不”,either表示“两者中任何一个”,both表示“两者都”。

③(2015·四川高考改编)Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,butnone_isusefultomyknowledge.

all和none都强调三者或三者以上,all表示“全部都”,而none表示“全部都不”。

④(2014·福建高考改编)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whileinothers,_knivesandforks.

another表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”。

theother意为“(两者中的)另一个”。

other意为“其余的,另外的”。

others泛指其余的人或物。

⑤—Areyougoingtogetyourowncarafterthetest?

—Myparentshavesaidthey’llgetoneforme.

one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。

(二)短文改错常考点

典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)

我来改正

常设错点(为什么、怎么办)

①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.

②(2016·四川高考)Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.

①your→our

②her→his

前后代词指代不一致

代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的,因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。

否则就会出现代词指代错误。

③(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.

③them→it

代词数的错用

人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分,要根据上下文确定单复数。

④(2013·陕西高考)Wetookoursfishingpolesandheadedforthelake.

⑤(2016·太原市测评)I’vealwaysbeendreamingofhavinganopportunitytotravelinEnglishspeakingcountrieslikeyourtopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.

④ours→our

⑤your→yours

物主代词的错用

(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,不能单独使用,常用来修饰名词;

(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,常单独使用,不能修饰名词。

⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,andhewasstrongandpowerful.

⑦(2016·洛阳高三一模)Firstofall,youshouldrespectyouornoonewouldrespectyou.

⑥himself→him

⑦第二个you→

yourself

反身代词与人称代词的错用

(1)反身代词是指代主语的,使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上;

(2)若所用代词与主语不一致,就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。

⑧(2015·陕西高考)Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.

⑨(2015·四川高考)It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.

⑩(2013·浙江高考)Dadlosthisjob,andasMomexplained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”

⑧anything→

Something

⑨many→much

⑩other→another

不定代词的错用

(1)some(thing)与any(thing):

一般来说前者用于肯定句,后者用于疑问句和否定句;

(2)many与much:

many代替可数名词,much代替不可数名词;

(3)theother与another:

表示“两者中的另一个”用theother,而表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”用another。

[代词专练]

1.However,hisfamewasnotaccompaniedbymoneyandhefounditnecessarytoreturntofarming.

2.Ihopemyparentswon’ttrytoforcemetodotheir(they)favoritejob.

3.TheplaneisatpresentatJohnF.KennedyInternationalAirportinNewYork,whereithasbeensurroundedbythepolice.

4.Foronething,itcanprovideacolorfulplatformtoshowtheirtalent.Foranother,_itisausefulwaytoreleasetheirpressure.

5.WhenIwasontheairplane,IkepttellingmyselfthatIhadtobestrongwhenfacinganytroublesorproblems.

6.TheAppleWatchisaverysmallcomputerapersonwearsonhisorherwrist.ItcandomanyofthesamethingsasaniPhone.

7.Sheaskedmy(I)nameandsaidshedidn’trememberme. 

8.Yearshavepassed.Now,everytimeIsitdowntowritesomethingnew,IthinkofMrGough.

9.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;neitherwaswillingtolosethegame.

10.—Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroomnow?

—None.Ihavelockedit.

11.Sayingisonethinganddoingisanother.

12.Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselflyingontheground,bleedinginthehead.

13.Icanunderstandhowyoufeelnowbecausemyexperienceissimilartoyours(you).

14.Meetingmyfavoritefootballstarfacetofacewasanunforgettablemoment,oneIwillalwaystreasure.

15.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemealifttothestation.

16.Youcannevermeettheneedsofeverycustomer.Somemaypreferlightcolorswhileothersenjoydarkones.

17.Sportshelpus(we)buildupourbody,improveourabilityofbalance,developourenduranceandcooperationsense.

18.Asisknowntousall,MountHuashanisfamousforits(it)breathtakingcliffsanduniquecharacteristics.

19.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheir(they)studyaftergraduation.

20.—CanIaskyouafewstraightforwardquestionsaboutyourself?

—Sure.Ilikeitwhenpeopleareopenanddirect.

21.Abridgemadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.

22.TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthanthatinShanghaiinwinter.

23.Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.

24.—Isheleavingtomorrow?

—No.He’llcontinuetostayhereforanotherfourorfivedays.

25.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillagestoimprovepeople’sreadinglevel.library→libraries

2.SamwaseagertoknoweverythingabouttheUSandaskedmelotsofquestion.question→questions

3.It’soneofthemostbeautifulviewthatI’veeverseeninChina.view→views

4.Policesaidthemanwasdangertothepublic.danger前加a

5.Ifyougototheparty,itispolitetoarriveontime.Itisgoodmannerstoshakehandwithyourhost.hand→hands

6.Itisgreathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers.is后加a

7.Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvicesandgiveupsmoking.advices→advice

8.AfterdinnerhegaveMr.Richardsontheridetotheairport.第一个the→a

9.Allthestudentsinourclassmadeaprogressbystudyingharderthisterm.去掉a

10.Itisnotrarein1990sthatpeopleintheirfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.1990s前加the

11.Chinaisaworld’ssecondlargesteconomyandhasabundantexperienceineconomicdevelopment.a→the

12.Afterabouthalfahour,therainstoppedandIwenthome.a→an

13.Hereisaverypersonwearelookingfor,onewithagoodknowledgeofGerman.第一个a→the

14.First,wecangotoQingdao,whereitiscoolandmild,andhavefunsattheseaside.funs→fun

15.WhenIwenttoseehim,hewasoutofdangersbutstilllookedpale.dangers→danger

16.NowI’dliketotellyouaimpressivestorythathappenedonthefirstdayofmyteachingcareer.a→an

17.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.famous前加a

18.Thereareshopsonallsidesofthestreet.all→both

19.Iwouldappreciateyouifyoucometomygrandma’sbirthdaypartyandsay“Hello”toher.第一个you→it

20.Therearemanydifficultiesandproblemsthatwecan’tovercomewithonlytheirownefforts.their→our

21.About36%ofthemarefondofsurfingtheInternet,whichhelpshimknowaboutthelatestnewsandcurrentaffairsintheworld.him→them

22.Bothmyparentsmissyoualot.Sodoesourfriend,Cathy.Whenyoucome,youcanstaywithourselves.ourselves→us

23.Whatseemstobeagoodthingtoonepersonmaybeabadthingtoother.other→another

24.Whereverheis,hemakeshimselfaruletogivehismotheracalleveryday.himself→it

25.Yesterdayafternoon,IpaidvisittoMr.Johnson.Iwaseagertoseehim,butoutsidehisroomIstopped.paid后加a

26.Weallknowthatthemanisthemostdevelopedanimalintheworld.去掉第一个the

27.ThereIsawaguitarplayerplayingguitar,whichIreallyenjoyed.第二个guitar前加the

28.Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievements.their→our

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