江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题.docx

江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题.docx

《江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破8词句猜测句意理解题优选习题

八、词句猜测——句意理解题

（2018·扬州一模）

Competitionisanideology（意识形态）thatspreadsalloveroursocietyandmisleadsourthinking.Butitmeansnoprofitsforanybody，nomeaningfuldifferentiation，andastruggleforsurvival.Weadvocatecompetition，seeitasnecessary，andsetitslaws；andasaresult，wetrapourselveswithinit—themorewecompete，thelesswegain.

Oureducationalsystembothdrivesandreflectsourcrazeforcompetition.Gradesaloneareprecisemeasurementofeachstudent’scompetitiveness；pupilswiththehighestmarksreceivestatusandcredits.Anditgetsworseasstudentsrisetohigherlevelsofthetournament.Highereducationistheplacewherepeoplewhohadbigplansinhighschoolgetstuckinfiercecompetitionwithequallysmartpeersoverconventionalcareerslikemanagementconsultingandinvestmentbanking.Fortheprivilegeofbeingturningintoconformists（顺从者），students（ortheirfamilies）payhundredsofthousandsofdollarsinrapidlyrisingtuition.Whyarewedoingthistoourselves?

IwishIhadaskedmyselfwhenIwasyounger.Mypathwassotrackedthatinmy8th-gradeyearbook，oneofmyfriendspredicted—accurately—thatfouryearslaterIwouldenterStanford.AndIenrolledatStanfordLawSchool，whereIcompetedevenharderforthestandardbadges（徽章）ofsuccess.Thehighestprizeinalawstudent’sworldisunambiguous：

theSupremeCourtclerkship.Iwassoclosetowinningthislastcompetition.IfonlyIgottheclerkship，Ithought，Iwouldbesetforlife.ButIdidn’t.Atthetime，Iwasfrustrated.

In2004，afterIhadbuiltandsoldPayPal，Iranintoanoldfriendwhohadhelpedmeprepareformyfailedclerkshipapplications.Wehadn’tspokeninnearlyadecade.Hisfirstwordstomewerenot“HiPeter”or“Howareyoudoing？

”Butrather，“So，aren’tyougladyoudidn’tgetthatclerkship？

”BecauseifIhadn’tlostthatlastcompetition，webothknewthatIneverwouldhaveleftthetracklaiddownsincemiddleschool.HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywouldhavespentmyentirecareertakingdepositionsordraftingotherpeople’sbusinessdealsinsteadofcreatinganythingnew.It’shardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.

Lookingbackatmyambitiontobecomealawyer，itlookslesslikeaplanforthefutureandmorelikeanexcuseforthepresent.Itwasawaytoexplaintoanyonewhowouldask—tomyparents，tomypeers，andmostofalltomyself—thattherewasnoneedtoworry.Iwasperfectlyontrack.Butitturnedoutthatmybiggestproblemwastakingthetrackwithoutthinkingreallyhardaboutwhereitwasgoing.

语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。

作者用自己的事例阐述了一个人不应该盲目地随大流，而应该有自己的目标和计划。

1．Studentscompeteatschoolbecause.

A．theyareassessedbygrades

B．theyareunderpeerpressure

C．theywanttofindasecurejob

D．thetuitionincreasesquickly

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第四句“Highereducationistheplacewherepeoplewhohadbigplansinhighschoolgetstuckinfiercecompetitionwithequallysmartpeersoverconventionalcareerslikemanagementconsultingandinvestmentbanking.”可知，学生在学校竞争是为了以后找到一份稳定的工作。

2．WecanlearnfromParagraph3thatthewriter.

A．didn’thaveaclearplanforfuture

B．didbadlyinstudyinthe8thgrade

C．wasn’tacapablestudentincollege

D．didn’twanttoobtaintheclerkship

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句“IwishIhadaskedmyselfwhenIwasyounger.”可知，作者很后悔当初没有弄清楚为什么要这样做，由此可知当时他对未来缺乏清晰的规划。

3．Theunderlinedsentence“theopportunitycostswereenormous”（inParagraph4）showsthewriter.

A．isunsurewhetherhischoiceiscorrect

B．regretsfailingclerkshipapplications

C．ishappyaboutnotgettingtheclerkship

D．thinkshecouldhavehadabettercareer

答案　C

解析　句意理解题。

根据第四段中的“HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywould...It’shardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.”可知，作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。

4．Thewritershareshislifestorymainlytoarguethat.

A．peopleshouldn’tsupportcompetition

B．gradescannotreflectstudents’ability

C．failurecanbeagoodthingsometimes

D．weshouldn’tfollowotherpeopleblindly

答案　D

解析　写作意图题。

根据最后一段最后一句“Butitturnedoutthatmybiggestproblemwastakingthetrackwithoutthinkingreallyhardaboutwhereitwasgoing.”可知，作者分享这个故事的目的是告诉人们不要盲目地跟随他人，而应该有自己的目标和计划。

一、题型解读

记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。

要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。

设问形式常有：

1．Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans“”．

2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

二、解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意

例如：

【感悟体会】中第3题：

第一步：

速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子

（1）HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywouldhavespentmyentirecareertakingdepositionsordraftingotherpeople’sbusinessdealsinsteadofcreatinganythingnew.

（2）It’shardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.

第二步：

对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案

由第

（1）句话可知，要是作者成为最高法院的职员，一辈子就不会有所创新了。

第

（2）句话的意思是“很难说有什么不同，但是这个机会成本是巨大的”。

由此可推知作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。

A

（2018·湖南郴州质检）

6Companionplantingistheideathatwhensomecropsareplantedtogether，theyhelpeachothergrow.These1compatibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients，soiland2moisture.

Adviceforcompanionplantingissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.ButFabianFernandezattheUniversityofIllinoissaysthereisevidenceforsomecombinations.Thesecanleadtobettercrops，reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.Forexample，somekindsofsoilbacteriatakenitrogen（氮）fromtheairandmakeaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantskeepthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumes（豆类）areespeciallygoodatthis.Anycropssharingthesamespacecangetthenitrogenastherootsdecompose（腐烂）．

Cropslikebeansandpotatoes，carrotsandcabbages，beansandricecanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdown，sotheydonotcompetewithshallowerplants.Butsomeplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother’sdevelopment.Forexample，tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes，asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.

Evenafterharvest，somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapart.Apples，forexample，releaseethylenegas，aplant3hormone.Itcancauseotherfoodstoripen（成熟）tooquickly.Marketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butsometimesyoumightwantthemtogether.Forexample，ifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana，thebananawillbereadytoeatsooner.

Nowwhataboutpeaches，plumsandnectarinesthataretoofirmtoeat?

GrowersinCaliforniaanswerthisquestionat.Theysayanapple，abananaorariperpieceoffruitisnotneeded.Thepeaches，plumsandnectarinesthemselvesreleaseenoughofthegastoripensuccessfully.

Here’stheiradvice：

placethefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagwiththetopfoldedover.Keepthefruitatroomtemperature.Whenthefruitissoftenoughtoyourliking，eitheruseitorplaceitinarefrigeratortostopfurtherripening.

语篇解读　本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。

兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。

1．Whatarethebasicneedsforcompanionplanting?

A．Goodoldcompanions.

B．Somekindsofsoilbacteria.

C．Similarneedsfornutrients，soilandmoisture.

D．Helpfulinsects.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Thesecompatibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients，soilandmoisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soilandmoisture”有相似的需求。

故答案为C。

2．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A．4Tosomeextent，companionplantingreliesmoreontraditionalexperience.

B．Inthefieldofcompanionplanting，proofalwaysspeakslouderthantradition.

C．Traditionalexperienceismuchlessreliablethanscientificexperiments.

D．Scientificresearcheshavethrownlightonthetheoryofcompanionplanting.

答案　A

解析　句意理解题。

画线句子的意思是在某种程度上，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。

故选A。

3．Accordingtothetext，whichgroupofplantsarenotsuitabletobeplantedtogether?

A．Beansandpotatoes.

B．Tomatoesandwatercress.

C．Carrotsandcabbages.

D．Beansandrice.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后两句“Forexample，tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes，asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。

故答案为B。

4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A．Weshouldchoosefruitfrommarketsasoftenaspossible.

B．Thepeaches，plumsandnectarinesshouldalwaysbeputtogethertogetriper.

C．Thefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagshouldbeeatenassoonaspossible.

D．Weshouldnotplaceanyripeningfruitoutindirectsunlight.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。

保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。

由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。

故选D。

B

Afterfoursilentyears，the27-year-oldBritishsingerAdeleAdkinshasfinallyintroducedherselftotheworldagainwithHello，theopeningsongfromherthirdalbum25，whichwill8comeoutonNov.20.

AlthoughAdeleisaverysuccessfulsingernow，musicwasn’talwayswhatshesawherselfdoing.Atage10，whenshesawhergrandmother’spainoverthedeathofAdele’sgrandfather，she7picturedherselfasaheartsurgeon.

“Iwantedtofixpeople’shearts，”shetoldtheUKmusicwebsitei-D，rememberingthechildhoodinterestshe’dhadinbiologyclassesuntilshefoundoutthatherrealtalentwasforsinging.

Adeledidn’tgotomedicalschool，butmanywouldagreethatshestillhashealing（治愈）powers.“Hersongsfindthekindofmemoryeverylistenerholdssomewhereintheirheart.ThiskindoffeelingiswhatpeoplehavealwayslikedinAdele，”saidTheTelegraph.“Shewritesapopdiary，sharingthesimplesecretsofherheart.”

Mostsuccessfulpopstarsmakealbumsatafastpace，butnotAdele.Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardfo