江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题.docx

1、江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 8 词句猜测句意理解题优选习题八、词句猜测 句意理解题(2018扬州一模)Competition is an ideology(意识形态) that spreads all over our society and misleads our thinking.But it means no profits for anybody，no meaningful differentiation，and a struggle for survival.We advocate competition，see it as necessary

2、，and set its laws；and as a result，we trap ourselves within itthe more we compete，the less we gain.Our educational system both drives and reflects our craze for competition.Grades alone are precise measurement of each students competitiveness；pupils with the highest marks receive status and credits.A

3、nd it gets worse as students rise to higher levels of the tournament.Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce competition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.For the privilege of b

4、eing turning into conformists(顺从者)，students (or their families) pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in rapidly rising tuition.Why are we doing this to ourselves?I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.My path was so tracked that in my 8th-grade yearbook，one of my friends predictedaccuratelytha

5、t four years later I would enter Stanford.And I enrolled at Stanford Law School，where I competed even harder for the standard badges(徽章) of success.The highest prize in a law students world is unambiguous：the Supreme Court clerkship.I was so close to winning this last competition.If only I got the c

6、lerkship，I thought，I would be set for life.But I didnt.At the time，I was frustrated.In 2004，after I had built and sold PayPal，I ran into an old friend who had helped me prepare for my failed clerkship applications.We hadnt spoken in nearly a decade.His first words to me were not “Hi Peter” or “How a

7、re you doing？” But rather，“So，arent you glad you didnt get that clerkship？” Because if I hadnt lost that last competition，we both knew that I never would have left the track laid down since middle school.Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking

8、depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.Looking back at my ambition to become a lawyer，it looks less like a plan for the future and more like an excuse for the present.It

9、 was a way to explain to anyone who would askto my parents，to my peers，and most of all to myselfthat there was no need to worry.I was perfectly on track.But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者用自己的事例阐述了一个人不应该

10、盲目地随大流，而应该有自己的目标和计划。1Students compete at school because .Athey are assessed by gradesBthey are under peer pressureCthey want to find a secure jobDthe tuition increases quickly答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce competiti

11、on with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.”可知，学生在学校竞争是为了以后找到一份稳定的工作。2We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer .Adidnt have a clear plan for futureBdid badly in study in the 8th gradeCwasnt a capable student in collegeDdidnt want to o

12、btain the clerkship答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.”可知，作者很后悔当初没有弄清楚为什么要这样做，由此可知当时他对未来缺乏清晰的规划。3The underlined sentence “the opportunity costs were enormous” (in Paragraph 4) shows the writer .Ais unsure whether his choice is correctBregrets failing clerkship applicati

13、onsCis happy about not getting the clerkshipDthinks he could have had a better career答案C解析句意理解题。根据第四段中的“Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.”可知，作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。4The writer shares his li

14、fe story mainly to argue that .Apeople shouldnt support competitionBgrades cannot reflect students abilityCfailure can be a good thing sometimesDwe shouldnt follow other people blindly答案D解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard ab

15、out where it was going.”可知，作者分享这个故事的目的是告诉人们不要盲目地跟随他人，而应该有自己的目标和计划。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。设问形式常有：1The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ”2Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意例如：【感悟体会】中第3题：第

16、一步：速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new.(2)Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.第二步：

17、对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由第(1)句话可知，要是作者成为最高法院的职员，一辈子就不会有所创新了。第(2)句话的意思是“很难说有什么不同，但是这个机会成本是巨大的”。由此可推知作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。A(2018湖南郴州质检)6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil

18、and 2moisture.Advice for companion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some combinations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.For exam

19、ple，some kinds of soil bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots decompose(腐烂)Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots

20、and cabbages，beans and rice can also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not compete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together may harm each others development.For example

21、，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets

22、 often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat?

23、Growers in California answer this question at .They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.Heres their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.

24、Keep the fruit at room temperature.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.语篇解读本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。1What are the basic needs for companion planting?AGood old companions.BSome kinds of soil bacteria.CSim

25、ilar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.DHelpful insects.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soil and moisture”有相似的需求。故答案为C。2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A4To s

26、ome extent，companion planting relies more on traditional experience.BIn the field of companion planting，proof always speaks louder than tradition.CTraditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments.DScientific researches have thrown light on the theory of companion planting.答案A

27、解析句意理解题。画线句子的意思是在某种程度上，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选A。3According to the text，which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together?ABeans and potatoes.BTomatoes and watercress.CCarrots and cabbages.DBeans and rice.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the

28、name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。故答案为B。4What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?AWe should choose fruit from markets as often as possible.BThe peaches，plums and nectarines should always be put together to get riper.CThe fruit in a fruit

29、bowl or in a paper bag should be eaten as soon as possible.DWe should not place any ripening fruit out in direct sunlight.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。故选D。BAfter four silent years，the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins h

30、as finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which will 8come out on Nov.20.Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasnt always what she saw herself doing.At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grand

31、father，she 7pictured herself as a heart surgeon.“I wanted to fix peoples hearts，” she told the UK music website i-D，remembering the childhood interest shed had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing.Adele didnt go to medical school，but many would agree that she s

32、till has healing(治愈) powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart.This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele，” said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，but not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award fo