高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions练习 新人教版选修8.docx

高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions练习 新人教版选修8.docx

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高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions练习新人教版选修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions

新题型浏览—语法填空

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第71至第80小题的空格里填上适当的单词。

注意：

每空1个单词。

FederalHockingHighSchoolinStewart,Ohio,drawsits360studentsfroma270-square-mileruralareaofthestate’ssoutheastcorner.

Intheearly1990s,teachersandstudentswerenotatallmotivated.Theschool,sayssocialstudiesteacherDeborahBurk,wasstickingtothe19th-centuryconceptofdividingthedayinto42-minuteperiods（stillcommoninmanyschoolsacrossthecountry）,witheachperiodcountedasacredittowardgraduation.Backthen,Burksays,studentsfocusedmoreontheclockthanonwhatshewassaying.Theyweren’tentirelytoblame.Thesystem,shefelt,didn’tletherdomuchbeyondrepeatingthesamelecturesoverandover:

Therewasn’ttimetochallengestudentstoresearchintodetails.“Youcouldn’tanalyzetheirprogress--oreventhinkaboutit.”

In1992,Dr.GeorgeH.Wood,anOhioUniversityeducationprofessorwho’dneverrunahighschool,wasnamedprincipal.Heaskedstudentsfortheirideas,organizedvisitstoprogramsaroundthecountry,andmetfrequentlywithstaff.Theresult:

Timepassedquickly.Withsomearm-twistingofsuperintendentsandstatelawmakers,FederalHockingmovedfromthetiresomecreditsystemtoaless-is-morescheduletiedtofour80-minuteclasses.“Wedecided,”Woodsays,“toteachfewerthingsbetter.”InAmericanhistory,forexample,theemphasischangedfromdevotingequaltimetoeveryeratofocusingonbigevents.

Theschooldevelopeditsowncreditsystembasedonimportantstudiesbutaddedotherrequirements--aseniorportfolio,andayearlongprojectcreatedbythestudentsthat’snotalwayslinkeddirectlytotheircoursework.Projecttopicsrangefromwritingaworld-foodscookbooktotherestorationofanoldtractor.Graduationbasedjustonrackingupasetnumberofcreditswasnolongerpossible.

Otherchangesfollowed.Theseven-minutedailyhomeroomperiod--basicallyanattendancecall--wasreplacedbyanhour-longadvisorymeetingeveryWednesdaymorning.Eachteacheradvisesthesame14or15kidsthroughhighschool.Wood,meanwhile,neverloweredhisstrictacademicstandards.“EverybodyherereadsShakespeare,EmersonandThoreau,”hesays,“evenkidswhoaregoingtobemechanics.”

TeacherTimArnoldsaystheschedulechangeshadaneffectsimilartotheflipping（弹开）ofaswitch:

“Thepressurewasreleased.Insteadoflookingattheclock,wecouldlookatthestudents.Onthefirstdayweallwent‘Wow!

Thatwascool.’”

Betweenthe1995-96and2003-04schoolyears,thepercentageoftheschool’sninth-gradersthatpassedOhio’smathproficiencytestrosefrom50percentto85percent.Passinggradesinreadingshotfrom69percentto96percent.Andhonorsdiplomasjumpedfrom8percentto20percent.“Wedon’tfocusontestscores,”Woodsays,“butit’sclearthatifyoupayattentiontotheoverallcultureoftheschool,thetestscoreswillrise.”

Problemsoftheschoolinthepast

The1ofthedayinto42-minuteperiods

2thesameteachingcontentagainandagain

Notimetochallengestudentsto3outresearchintodetails

4ofsolvingtheproblems

Ascheduleoffour80-minuteclasses

Teachingfewerthingsbetter

Creditsystembasedonimportantstudiesin5tootherrequirements

Anhour-longmeetingeveryWednesdaymorningtogive6

7upthehighandstrictacademicstandards

Signsof8

9percentmoreninth-graderspassedOhio’smathproficiencytest.

Much10wasmadeinpassinggradesinreading.

Honorsdiplomasincreasedfrom8percentto20percent.

1.division2.Repeating3.carry4.Ways5.addition6.advice/suggestions

7.Keeping8.success/achievements9.Thirty/3010.progress

一、单句语法填空

1．Dr.Fleming's________（discover）ofpenicillinoccurredin1928.

2．Thenumberoftigershasreduced________（abrupt）inthelastfiftyyears.

3．Heisayoungartistwithgreat________（expect）．

4．Wecannotemphasizetoomuchthe________（important）oflearningEnglish.

5．Thepaperseemstomeofno________（practice）importance.

6．Thesoldiershadtoretreatwhentheywere________（beat）inbattle.

7．Speech________（distinguish）humanbeingsfromtheanimals.

8．Eachunitleaderneededaflag，orcolour，tobeeasilyseenfor________（identity）duringabattle.

9．Readthisstory，________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.

10．________（arm）withtheinformationyouhavegathered，youcansetaboutpreparingyourbusinessplan.

答案　

1.discovery　2.abruptly　3.expectation　4.importance　5.practical　

6.beaten　7.distinguishes8．Identification　9.and　10.Armed

二、完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳答案。

Anelderlycouplelivedinasmallcottageoverlookingsomerockyland.Oneearlymorningthewomansawfromtheirwindowayoungmandressedinworkingclothes1ontherockyland.Hewascarryingaspade（铁锹）andasmallcase,andhewalkedtothebushandwasoutof2.

Thewomanthoughtnomoreaboutitbutaroundthesametimethenextdayshe3themanagain,carryinghisspadeandthecase,andagainhedisappearedbehindthebush.Thewomanmentionedthistoherhusband,whosaidhewas4ahuntersettingtraps.Headded,“Maybeheisa5performingsomefarmwork,itwouldbeperfectly6,andtherewasnoneedtoworry.”However,afterseveralmoresightingsoftheyoungmanoverthenexttwoweeks,thewomanpersuadedherhusbandtotakeawalk—7,beforethemanwouldarrive—tothebushtofindoutwhathewasdoing.

Theretheywere8tofindalonganddeeptrench（地沟）,roughatoneend,becomingmuchneaterand9towardstheotherend.“Howstrange,”theoldladysaid.“Whydigatrenchinsuchdifficult10ground?

”Justthentheyoungman11,earlierthanhisusualtime.Theoldwomanaskedcuriously,“We12whatyouweredoingandwhatwasinthecase.”

“I’mdiggingatrench,”saidtheman.Seeingthecuriousexpressionsonthecouple’sfaces,herealizedafurtherer13wasappropriate,“ThejobIwillapplyforrequiresthenecessary14.I’mactuallylearninghowtodigagoodtrench.Andthe15—Ihavejustgotmylunchinit.”

Finally,themangothisdesiredjob.

1.A.workingB.walkingC.huntingD.weeding

2.A.sightB.controlC.balanceD.touch

3.A.blamedB.servedC.sawD.helped

4.A.occasionallyB.fortunatelyC.absolutelyD.probably

5.A.travelerB.thiefC.farmerD.planter

6.A.normalB.usefulC.safeD.easy

7.A.bravelyB.earlyC.calmlyD.faithfully

8.A.surprisedB.ashamedC.amusedD.frightened

9.A.shallowerB.widerC.deeperD.tidier

10.A.softB.muddyC.rockyD.solid

11.A.returnedB.jumpedC.leftD.appeared

12.A.ignoredB.believedC.wonderedD.witnessed

13.A.explanationB.arrangementC.escapeD.project

14.A.curiosityB.experienceC.suggestionD.intelligence

15.A.bagB.spadeC.basketD.case

•本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第　　　　小题。

做任何工作我们都要有经验，丰富的经验能帮助我们找到合适的工作。

1.B。

由第2空前walkedto可知：

她看到一个年轻人穿着工作服，在远处的石头路上走着（walking）。

2.A。

根据下段第一句中的againhedisappeared可知：

他扛着铁锹，提着一个小盒，走到一片灌木丛那儿就不见了（sight）。

3.C。

根据上一段saw及下文themanagain可知：

第二天那个时间，她又见到了那个男子。

4.D。

从下文Maybe可知：

大概（probably）是猎人在设置捕猎陷阱或者是农夫（farmer）在干活。

5.C。

参考第4题解析。

另：

本空后farmwork有提示。

6.A。

与本空后noneedtoworry构成对应：

这些都太正常了（normal），没有必要挂在心上。

7.B。

由本空后before…tofindout可知：

他认为没有必要操心这事，所以老太太就劝他去看看，早点去（early），赶到年轻人到来之前（不要让他发现）。

8.A。

根据下文中的Howstrange可知：

看到布满石头的地上竟然被挖出了一条长长的深沟，他们非常吃惊（surprised）。

9.D。

根据本空前rough和neater可知：

深沟一开始的这头很不规范，而越往另一头就越整齐（tidier）。

这也说明年轻人挖地沟，越挖越有经验。

10.C。

根据第一段somerockyland可知：

这位老人说道：

为什么他要在如此坚硬布满石头的地上挖沟呢？

11.D。

根据上下文语境可知：

这时这个年轻人出现了（appeared），比以往要早。

12.C。

从本空前curiously可知：

这对夫妇想知道（wondered）这个年轻人在做什么还有他的盒子里装了什么。

13.A。

本空后他说的话就是他做出的进一步解释（explanation）。

14.B。

通读全文可知，这个年轻人的行为举止都是为了学习如何挖沟，因而可推知他要应聘的那个工作要求必须有相关的经验（experience）。

15.D。

上文case有提示：

至于那个小盒子（case），是“我”用来装午饭用的。

•本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第14小题。

三、阅读理解

A段

【2015高考复习】阅读理解

Manyofusstilltendtothinkthatemotionscanaffectreasonablethought，andsometimeslandusintrouble.Butinrecentyearspsychologistshavetakenquiteadifferentview.KeithOatley，ProfessorofPsychologyatGlasgowUniversity，isinvolvedintheresearchwhichshowsthefundamentalimportanceofemotions.

Hebelieveswe_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：

wethinkofouremotionsasbeingunreasonable，butwealsoconsiderthemasessentialtobeinghuman.Forexample，MrSpock，acharacterinthetelevisionseriesStarTrek，issuperintelligentandhehasnoemotionsatall.However，heisnevermadecaptainofthespaceship.Maybe，thisisbecauseMrSpockisnotthekindofpersonyoucanshareyourfeelingswith—apersonwhoshowshisemotions.

AsProfessorOatleypointsout，ouremotionshaveveryimportantfunctions，forexample，fear.Ifwecrosstheroadandacarapproaches，weusuallystopmovingorstepback.Westopwhatwearedoing，checkwhatwehavedoneandpayverycarefulattentiontotheenvironment.Theemotionoffearmakesustakethissmallseriesofactionswhich，onaverage，helppreserveoursafety.

Ontheotherhand，ifthingsaregoingwellandsmallproblemscomeup，wefindwecansolvethemwiththeresourceswehavetohand.Asaconsequence，wetendtofeelhappyandusuallycontinuedoingthejob.

Angerisanemotionthattendstooccurwhensomeoneispreventingusfromdoingsomething.Thenthissmall“kit”ofreactionsenablesustoprepareourselvestobequiteaggressivetothatperson，ortotryharder，andsoon.

ProfessorOatleybelievesemotionsgenerallyoccurattheseimportantmomentsinactions.Withfearandangerouremotionsmakeusdecidetostartdoingsomethingelse，whilewithhappinessthey“suggest”wecontinuewhatwearealreadydoing.

【语篇解读】　相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。

1．What’sKeithOatley’sopinionabou