高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions练习 新人教版选修8.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions练习新人教版选修8
Unit3Inventorsandinventions
新题型浏览—语法填空
阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在文后第71至第80小题的空格里填上适当的单词。
注意:
每空1个单词。
FederalHockingHighSchoolinStewart,Ohio,drawsits360studentsfroma270-square-mileruralareaofthestate’ssoutheastcorner.
Intheearly1990s,teachersandstudentswerenotatallmotivated.Theschool,sayssocialstudiesteacherDeborahBurk,wasstickingtothe19th-centuryconceptofdividingthedayinto42-minuteperiods(stillcommoninmanyschoolsacrossthecountry),witheachperiodcountedasacredittowardgraduation.Backthen,Burksays,studentsfocusedmoreontheclockthanonwhatshewassaying.Theyweren’tentirelytoblame.Thesystem,shefelt,didn’tletherdomuchbeyondrepeatingthesamelecturesoverandover:
Therewasn’ttimetochallengestudentstoresearchintodetails.“Youcouldn’tanalyzetheirprogress--oreventhinkaboutit.”
In1992,Dr.GeorgeH.Wood,anOhioUniversityeducationprofessorwho’dneverrunahighschool,wasnamedprincipal.Heaskedstudentsfortheirideas,organizedvisitstoprogramsaroundthecountry,andmetfrequentlywithstaff.Theresult:
Timepassedquickly.Withsomearm-twistingofsuperintendentsandstatelawmakers,FederalHockingmovedfromthetiresomecreditsystemtoaless-is-morescheduletiedtofour80-minuteclasses.“Wedecided,”Woodsays,“toteachfewerthingsbetter.”InAmericanhistory,forexample,theemphasischangedfromdevotingequaltimetoeveryeratofocusingonbigevents.
Theschooldevelopeditsowncreditsystembasedonimportantstudiesbutaddedotherrequirements--aseniorportfolio,andayearlongprojectcreatedbythestudentsthat’snotalwayslinkeddirectlytotheircoursework.Projecttopicsrangefromwritingaworld-foodscookbooktotherestorationofanoldtractor.Graduationbasedjustonrackingupasetnumberofcreditswasnolongerpossible.
Otherchangesfollowed.Theseven-minutedailyhomeroomperiod--basicallyanattendancecall--wasreplacedbyanhour-longadvisorymeetingeveryWednesdaymorning.Eachteacheradvisesthesame14or15kidsthroughhighschool.Wood,meanwhile,neverloweredhisstrictacademicstandards.“EverybodyherereadsShakespeare,EmersonandThoreau,”hesays,“evenkidswhoaregoingtobemechanics.”
TeacherTimArnoldsaystheschedulechangeshadaneffectsimilartotheflipping(弹开)ofaswitch:
“Thepressurewasreleased.Insteadoflookingattheclock,wecouldlookatthestudents.Onthefirstdayweallwent‘Wow!
Thatwascool.’”
Betweenthe1995-96and2003-04schoolyears,thepercentageoftheschool’sninth-gradersthatpassedOhio’smathproficiencytestrosefrom50percentto85percent.Passinggradesinreadingshotfrom69percentto96percent.Andhonorsdiplomasjumpedfrom8percentto20percent.“Wedon’tfocusontestscores,”Woodsays,“butit’sclearthatifyoupayattentiontotheoverallcultureoftheschool,thetestscoreswillrise.”
Problemsoftheschoolinthepast
The1ofthedayinto42-minuteperiods
2thesameteachingcontentagainandagain
Notimetochallengestudentsto3outresearchintodetails
4ofsolvingtheproblems
Ascheduleoffour80-minuteclasses
Teachingfewerthingsbetter
Creditsystembasedonimportantstudiesin5tootherrequirements
Anhour-longmeetingeveryWednesdaymorningtogive6
7upthehighandstrictacademicstandards
Signsof8
9percentmoreninth-graderspassedOhio’smathproficiencytest.
Much10wasmadeinpassinggradesinreading.
Honorsdiplomasincreasedfrom8percentto20percent.
1.division2.Repeating3.carry4.Ways5.addition6.advice/suggestions
7.Keeping8.success/achievements9.Thirty/3010.progress
一、单句语法填空
1.Dr.Fleming's________(discover)ofpenicillinoccurredin1928.
2.Thenumberoftigershasreduced________(abrupt)inthelastfiftyyears.
3.Heisayoungartistwithgreat________(expect).
4.Wecannotemphasizetoomuchthe________(important)oflearningEnglish.
5.Thepaperseemstomeofno________(practice)importance.
6.Thesoldiershadtoretreatwhentheywere________(beat)inbattle.
7.Speech________(distinguish)humanbeingsfromtheanimals.
8.Eachunitleaderneededaflag,orcolour,tobeeasilyseenfor________(identity)duringabattle.
9.Readthisstory,________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.
10.________(arm)withtheinformationyouhavegathered,youcansetaboutpreparingyourbusinessplan.
答案
1.discovery 2.abruptly 3.expectation 4.importance 5.practical
6.beaten 7.distinguishes8.Identification 9.and 10.Armed
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳答案。
Anelderlycouplelivedinasmallcottageoverlookingsomerockyland.Oneearlymorningthewomansawfromtheirwindowayoungmandressedinworkingclothes1ontherockyland.Hewascarryingaspade(铁锹)andasmallcase,andhewalkedtothebushandwasoutof2.
Thewomanthoughtnomoreaboutitbutaroundthesametimethenextdayshe3themanagain,carryinghisspadeandthecase,andagainhedisappearedbehindthebush.Thewomanmentionedthistoherhusband,whosaidhewas4ahuntersettingtraps.Headded,“Maybeheisa5performingsomefarmwork,itwouldbeperfectly6,andtherewasnoneedtoworry.”However,afterseveralmoresightingsoftheyoungmanoverthenexttwoweeks,thewomanpersuadedherhusbandtotakeawalk—7,beforethemanwouldarrive—tothebushtofindoutwhathewasdoing.
Theretheywere8tofindalonganddeeptrench(地沟),roughatoneend,becomingmuchneaterand9towardstheotherend.“Howstrange,”theoldladysaid.“Whydigatrenchinsuchdifficult10ground?
”Justthentheyoungman11,earlierthanhisusualtime.Theoldwomanaskedcuriously,“We12whatyouweredoingandwhatwasinthecase.”
“I’mdiggingatrench,”saidtheman.Seeingthecuriousexpressionsonthecouple’sfaces,herealizedafurtherer13wasappropriate,“ThejobIwillapplyforrequiresthenecessary14.I’mactuallylearninghowtodigagoodtrench.Andthe15—Ihavejustgotmylunchinit.”
Finally,themangothisdesiredjob.
1.A.workingB.walkingC.huntingD.weeding
2.A.sightB.controlC.balanceD.touch
3.A.blamedB.servedC.sawD.helped
4.A.occasionallyB.fortunatelyC.absolutelyD.probably
5.A.travelerB.thiefC.farmerD.planter
6.A.normalB.usefulC.safeD.easy
7.A.bravelyB.earlyC.calmlyD.faithfully
8.A.surprisedB.ashamedC.amusedD.frightened
9.A.shallowerB.widerC.deeperD.tidier
10.A.softB.muddyC.rockyD.solid
11.A.returnedB.jumpedC.leftD.appeared
12.A.ignoredB.believedC.wonderedD.witnessed
13.A.explanationB.arrangementC.escapeD.project
14.A.curiosityB.experienceC.suggestionD.intelligence
15.A.bagB.spadeC.basketD.case
•本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
做任何工作我们都要有经验,丰富的经验能帮助我们找到合适的工作。
1.B。
由第2空前walkedto可知:
她看到一个年轻人穿着工作服,在远处的石头路上走着(walking)。
2.A。
根据下段第一句中的againhedisappeared可知:
他扛着铁锹,提着一个小盒,走到一片灌木丛那儿就不见了(sight)。
3.C。
根据上一段saw及下文themanagain可知:
第二天那个时间,她又见到了那个男子。
4.D。
从下文Maybe可知:
大概(probably)是猎人在设置捕猎陷阱或者是农夫(farmer)在干活。
5.C。
参考第4题解析。
另:
本空后farmwork有提示。
6.A。
与本空后noneedtoworry构成对应:
这些都太正常了(normal),没有必要挂在心上。
7.B。
由本空后before…tofindout可知:
他认为没有必要操心这事,所以老太太就劝他去看看,早点去(early),赶到年轻人到来之前(不要让他发现)。
8.A。
根据下文中的Howstrange可知:
看到布满石头的地上竟然被挖出了一条长长的深沟,他们非常吃惊(surprised)。
9.D。
根据本空前rough和neater可知:
深沟一开始的这头很不规范,而越往另一头就越整齐(tidier)。
这也说明年轻人挖地沟,越挖越有经验。
10.C。
根据第一段somerockyland可知:
这位老人说道:
为什么他要在如此坚硬布满石头的地上挖沟呢?
11.D。
根据上下文语境可知:
这时这个年轻人出现了(appeared),比以往要早。
12.C。
从本空前curiously可知:
这对夫妇想知道(wondered)这个年轻人在做什么还有他的盒子里装了什么。
13.A。
本空后他说的话就是他做出的进一步解释(explanation)。
14.B。
通读全文可知,这个年轻人的行为举止都是为了学习如何挖沟,因而可推知他要应聘的那个工作要求必须有相关的经验(experience)。
15.D。
上文case有提示:
至于那个小盒子(case),是“我”用来装午饭用的。
•本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第14小题。
三、阅读理解
A段
【2015高考复习】阅读理解
Manyofusstilltendtothinkthatemotionscanaffectreasonablethought,andsometimeslandusintrouble.Butinrecentyearspsychologistshavetakenquiteadifferentview.KeithOatley,ProfessorofPsychologyatGlasgowUniversity,isinvolvedintheresearchwhichshowsthefundamentalimportanceofemotions.
Hebelieveswe_are_very_ambivalent_about_them:
wethinkofouremotionsasbeingunreasonable,butwealsoconsiderthemasessentialtobeinghuman.Forexample,MrSpock,acharacterinthetelevisionseriesStarTrek,issuperintelligentandhehasnoemotionsatall.However,heisnevermadecaptainofthespaceship.Maybe,thisisbecauseMrSpockisnotthekindofpersonyoucanshareyourfeelingswith—apersonwhoshowshisemotions.
AsProfessorOatleypointsout,ouremotionshaveveryimportantfunctions,forexample,fear.Ifwecrosstheroadandacarapproaches,weusuallystopmovingorstepback.Westopwhatwearedoing,checkwhatwehavedoneandpayverycarefulattentiontotheenvironment.Theemotionoffearmakesustakethissmallseriesofactionswhich,onaverage,helppreserveoursafety.
Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaregoingwellandsmallproblemscomeup,wefindwecansolvethemwiththeresourceswehavetohand.Asaconsequence,wetendtofeelhappyandusuallycontinuedoingthejob.
Angerisanemotionthattendstooccurwhensomeoneispreventingusfromdoingsomething.Thenthissmall“kit”ofreactionsenablesustoprepareourselvestobequiteaggressivetothatperson,ortotryharder,andsoon.
ProfessorOatleybelievesemotionsgenerallyoccurattheseimportantmomentsinactions.Withfearandangerouremotionsmakeusdecidetostartdoingsomethingelse,whilewithhappinessthey“suggest”wecontinuewhatwearealreadydoing.
【语篇解读】 相关研究表明,情感对人而言至关重要,不可或缺。
1.What’sKeithOatley’sopinionabou