英语阅读能力测试.docx

英语阅读能力测试.docx

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英语阅读能力测试

丽水学院

2010—2011学年第一学期英语阅读能力试卷

课程英语阅读

（1）使用班级英语本科11级

班级：

学号：

姓名：

PartICloze20%

Directions:

Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A]、[B]、[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Ittellsplantswhento__1__flowersandinsectswhentoleaveprotectivecocoon（茧）andflyaway.Andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhento__2__,sleepandseekfood.Itcontrolsourbodytemperatures,the__3__ofsomehormonesandevendreams.

Events__4__theplantandanimalaffectitsactions.ScientistsrecentlyfoundthatatinyanimalcalledSiberianhamsterchangesthecolorofits__5__becauseofthenumberofhoursof__6__.Inshorterdaysofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray-browninlonger__7__ofdaylightinsummer.

__8__signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomeinternaloneseemstoorderbirdstobegintheir__9__flightstwotimeseachyear.Birdspreventedfromflyingbecome__10__whenitistimeforthetrip.__11__theybecomecanagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.Amixofoutsideandinternaleventscontrolssomebiologicalclocks；suchthingsasheartbeatandthedailychangefromsleeptowalkingtakeplacebecauseofbothexternalandinternalsignals.

Scientistsarebeginningtolearn__12__partsofthebraincontainthebiologicalclocks.AresearcheratHarvardUniversity,Dr.MartinMooreEde,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrainseemedtocontrolthe__13__ofsomeofouractions.Probablythereareothercellstocontrolotherbodyactivities.Heisstudying__14__theyaffectthewaywedoourwork.Mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwe__15__oftenchangetodifferentworkhours.__16__cantakemanydaysforahumanbodyto__17__amajorchangeinworkhours.Industrialofficialsshouldhaveabetter__18__ofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaidsuchanunderstandingcould__19__sicknessandaccidentsatwork,andwouldhelpincrease__20__.

1.A.formB.bloomC.blossomD.boom

2.A.walkB.cryC.guardD.awaken

3.A.reactionB.releaseC.reliefD.recovery

4.A.besideB.insideC.outsideD.aside

5.A.skinB.featherC.peelD.fur

6.A.nightB.daylightC.1ighD.day

7.A.daysB.1ightsC.timesD.hours

8.A.InwardB.OuterC.InnerD.Other

9.A.migrationB.immigrationC.emigrationD.transportation

10.A.ruthlessB.annoyedC.restlessD.anxious

11.A.AndB.SoC.ThenD.But

12.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.howmany

13.A.motionB.rhythmC.stepD.timing

14.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where

15.A.mayB.canC.mustD.might

16.A.HeB.TheyC.ItD.This

17.A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept

18.A.admitB.understandingC.informationD.knowledge

19.A.decreaseB.diminishC.declineD.reduce

20.A.productB.productionC.productivityD.producer

PartIIReadingComprehension

SectionA:

Skimmingandscanning（10minutes）14%

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave10minutestogooverthepassagesquicklyandanswerthequestions

SoundEffects

Snorers（打鼾的人）havealwaysbeenmadejokes.Incartoons，theirnasalroar1iftstheroofoffhouses.Insituationcomedies，there’sthewifewhorollsherevesathersnoringbedmate.Butinreality，it’snotallthatfunny.Infact，snoringcanbeanightmareforsnorersandtheirtroubledpartners,whomaywakeupseveraltimesanighttopoke，andmaybehoistlovedonesontotheirsidesfora1ittlerelief.

RisksofSnoringProblems

Butthenightlyracketismorethanapotentialrelationshipstrain.Accordingtothelatestresearch,anincreasinglyolderandheavierpopulationmaymakethisconditionanevengreaterhealthriskthanwepreviouslythought.ForMaggieMoss-Tucker,successfultreatmentforalongtimesnoringproblemcamealmostbyaccident.Onefallmorningin2005，shesawasignatherlocalgymseekingsnorersasvolunteersforastudyatBoston’sBrigham&Women’sHospital.Moss-Tucker,now56,wasintrigued.Shehadstartedsnoringnearlyadecadeearlier.“I’dtriedeverythingtostop.”shesays,fromsleepinguprighttousingnosestripsoramouthguard.Buttoherandherhusband’sdismay,nothingworked.WhenshesignedupforthestudyandspentanightatasuburbanBostonsleeplab,shefoundoutwhy.

Afterreviewinghersleeppatternsandoxygenlevels,researcherstoldherthathersnoringwasactuallyanindicationofsomethingworse.Shesufferedfromasleepapnea（呼吸暂停），aconditioninwhichpatientsstopbreathingrepeatedlyastheysleepandcanwakeupasmanyas100timesanight—oftenwithoutrememberingit.Thatkindofrevelationhasledtodoctorsre-evaluatingaconditiononcetreatedaslittlemorethananuisance.“Inthepast,snoringhasbeentreatedlikeajokingmatter：

younevertalkedaboutitwithyourdoctor,”saysDr.DavidRapoport,medicaldirectoroftheSleepDisordersCenteratNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter（NYC）.“Butwhenitbecomesveryprominentorsuchthatitwakesyouupofteninterfereswithbreathing，itcanbeaproblem.“

Sleepapnea，inwhichtheairwaybecomesblockedof,1essoften,thebrainfailstoproperlycontrolbreathingduringsleeping.Itcanbeviewedasoneextremeofthesnoringspectrum.Softsnoring,whichisnotgenerallyconsideredahealthhazard,wouldbeattheotherend.Asthesoundandpersistenceofapatient’ssnoringgrows，sodothehealthconcerns.AstudypublishedintheMarchIissueofthejournalSleepfoundthatloudsnorershada40percentgreaterriskthannon-snorersofsufferingfromhighbloodpressure,34percentgreateroddsofhavingaheartattackanda67percentgreaterchanceofhavingastroke.

That’saproblemgiventhenumberofnoisysleepersoutthere.InarecentpollbytheNationalSleepFoundation,aboutonethirdofUSworkingadultsreportedsnoringatleastafewnightsinthepreviousmonth.Snoringgenerallyworsenswithagesotherateisevenhigheramongtheelderly.And，contrarytocommonperceptions，it’snearlyascommoninwomenasmen.Menopause（更年期）appearstobeafactor，asisweight.Beingoverweightcancausethicknessintheairwaytube,holdingbacktheflowofoxygen.

TreatmentofSnoringProblems

Yetmanywhoregularlysnoredon’trealizethatitcouldbebadfortheirhealth.Theresearchlinkinghypertension,cardiacproblemsandloudsnoringisrelativelynew.Andthoughawarenessofsleepapneaisgrowing,specialistssaytheconditionisstillvastlyundertreated.Primary-carephysiciansdon’troutinelyaskpatientsaboutthequalityoftheirsleep—thoughthatisbeginningtochangeandfewpatientsthinktotelltheirdoctorsthatthey’resnoring,unlessitbecomeshazardoustotheirpartner.Sleepspecialistsestimatethatbetween12millionand18millionAmericanshavesomeformofsleepapneabutmanyofthem,likeMoss-Tucker，remainundiagnosedforyears.ResearchfromtheNationalSleepFoundationindicatesthatonlyhalfofthosewithsleepapneaarebeingtreated.Sinceitisaprogressivecondition，saysMichaelTwery，directoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth’sNationalCenteronSleepDisordersResearch，“Thepersonwho’saffectedisusuallynotawareofhowseveretheconditionis.”

Moss-Tuckerremembersbeingdrowsyduringthedaysometimes，butsheblameditonherbusylife.Whenresearchersatthesleeplabaskedifshehadeverfallenasleepwhiledriving，shelaughedinitially.Butthensherecalledlongdrivesduringwhichshe’dhadtopulloverevery45minutestotakeacatnap（打盹）toavoiddozingoffatthewheel.She’dalsobecomeaccustomedtotakingdaily25-minutenapseachafternoon.ButonceshewasdiagnosedandbeganusingaContinuousPositiveAirwayPressure（orCPAP）machine，themostcommontreatmentforsleepapnea，shesays，“Mylifechanged.”

Moss-Tuckernolongerneedednapsandherenergylevels，mentalclarityandgeneralmoodsimproved—somuchsothatshecannotimagineonenightwithouttheCPAP，amachinewithamaskthatattachestothenose，mouthorboth,helpingtoforceoxygenintotheairwaywhilethepatientsleeps.Ifit’susedproperly，itisnearly100percenteffective.ButCPAPs（orBiPaps,whichdeliveralternatinglevelsofoxygen），whichcostabout$500ormorewiththemask,canbenoteasytouseandthenoisemaybeasdisruptivetosleepingpartnersassnoring.Despiteitsefficiency，estimatesofoveralllong-termusageratesremainbetween50to70percent.

Forsnorerswhodon’tappeartohavesleepapnea，thereareothermeasurestoavoidbadnights.Theyinclude：

avoidingbigmealsandalcoholbeforebed；sleepingonone’ssideinsteadoftheback；treatingconditionslikeallergiesandcoldsthatcancauseorworsensnoring,andmaintainingahealthyweight.Therearealsodeviceswhichpushthelowerjawforwardtohelpkeeptheairwayopen.“Theyareeffectiveinafairnumberofsnoringcases，”saysNYU’sRapoport，buthecautionsthattheyneedtobecustomfittedbydentistandcanbeexpensiveifnotcoveredbyinsurance.

SurgeryonSnoringProblems

Surgerytowidentheairwaysorimprovenasalairflowisalsoanoption，thoughitalsomaynotbecoveredbyinsuranceandSUCCESSratesvary.UPPP,inwhichasurgeonremovestissueatthebackofthethroat,canrequireahospitalstayandalongrecovery；it’stypicallyusedforpatientswithmoderateobstructivesleepapnea.Butotherprocedurescanbeperformedunderlocalanesthesiainasurgeon’soffice,includinglaser-assistedLAUP，amodificationofUPPPinwhichthesurgeonusesalasertocuttheuvula.PatientswhogetLAUPcangenerallyresumetheirnormalroutinealmostimmediately