学年新导学高中英语人教版必修四讲义Unit 1 Period OneWord版含答案.docx

学年新导学高中英语人教版必修四讲义Unit 1 Period OneWord版含答案.docx

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学年新导学高中英语人教版必修四讲义Unit1PeriodOneWord版含答案

MarieCurie’sdaughter—IreneCurie

MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize，andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However，fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

BorninSeptember,1897，IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars，Irenestudiedintheirownschool，andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarⅠbegan，Irenewenttohelphermother，whowasusingXrayfacilitiestohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingXrayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.HerserviceswererecognizedintheformofaMilitary’sMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.

In1918，Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924，FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute，andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenwasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.

Likehermother，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother，IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize，alongwithherhusband，in1935.Unfortunately，alsolikehermother，shedevelopedleukaemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity.IreneJoliotCuriediedfromleukaemiaonMarch17,1956.

玛丽·居里的女儿——艾琳·居里

大多数人都知道玛丽·居里是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，而且是第一位两次获得该奖项的人。

然而，很少有人知晓她也是一位诺贝尔获奖者的母亲。

艾琳·居里出生于1897年9月，是居里夫妇两个女儿中的大女儿。

和其他九个父母也是著名学者的孩子一起，艾琳在他们自己的学校学习，她的母亲就是其中的一位老师。

1914年艾琳考入巴黎大学，攻读数学和物理学学位。

当第一次世界大战爆发时，艾琳去帮助她的母亲，当时居里夫人正使用X光设备来帮助拯救受伤士兵的生命。

艾琳通过在法国和比利时的军队医院里研制X光设备继续着这一工作。

她的工作得到了广泛认可，从而获得法国政府颁发的军事奖章。

1918年，作为母亲的助手，艾琳成为居里研究所的一员。

1924年12月，约里奥·弗里德里克参与了研究所的工作，艾琳教给他工作所需的一些技能。

不久他们相爱了，并于1926年结婚。

1927年他们的女儿海伦出生，五年后又有了他们的儿子皮埃尔。

和她的母亲一样，艾琳把家庭和事业结合在了一起。

1935年，和她的母亲一样，艾琳和丈夫一起获得了诺贝尔奖。

不幸的是，同样和她的母亲一样，艾琳由于从事辐射能的工作而患上了白血病。

1956年3月17日，艾琳·约里奥·居里死于白血病。

PeriodOne　WarmingUp&Reading—Prereading

匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思

[第一组]

1．connection　　　　　A．成就；功绩

2．achievementB．组织；机构；团体

3．specialistC．观察；观测

4．organizationD．连接；关系

5．observationE．专家；专业工作者

答案　1.D　2.A　3.E　4.B　5.C

[第二组]

6．campaignA．行为；举止

7．behaviourB．灵感；鼓舞

8．entertainmentC．款待；娱乐

9．shadeD．运动；战役

10．inspirationE．巢；窝

11．nestF．荫；阴凉处

答案　6.D　7.A　8.C　9.F　10.B　11.E

[第三组]

12．welfareA．联系；纽带

13．instituteB．学会；学院；协会

14．bondC．福利；福利事业

15．argumentD．童年；幼年时代

16．childhoodE．争论；争吵

答案　12.C　13.B　14.A　15.E　16.D

[第四组]

17．argueA．尊敬；尊重

18．respectB．讨论；争论

19．crowdC．挤满；使拥挤

20．behaveD．观察；遵守

21．observeE．举动；表现

答案　17.B　18.A　19.C　20.E　21.D

[第五组]

22．outspokenA．地雷

23．supportB．项目；工程；规划

24．projectC．支持；拥护

25．landmineD．值得的；值得做的

26．worthwhileE．直言的；坦诚的

答案　22.E　23.C　24.B　25.A　26.D

Ⅰ.Doyouknowanythingaboutthefollowinggreatwomen？

Discussinpairswhatmakesthemgreat.Thentrytomatchthenamesofthegreatwomenandwhattheydid.

1．JaneGoodall　　　A．TheonlywomanscientistwhowasawardedtwoNobelPrizes.

2．JodyWilliamsB．Tohelpwomenandchildrenwiththeirillnessandhealth.

3．SongQinglingC．Theonlyfemalemonarch（君主）ofChina.

4．JoanofArcD．Toworkwithanimalsinthewild.

5．LinQiaozhiE．TodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.

6．MarieCurieF．Topreventthemakinganduseoflandmines.

7．WuZetianG．Toworkforcivilrights，democracy（民主政治）andpeace.

答案　1.D　2.F　3.G　4.E　5.B　6.A　7.C

Ⅱ.Doyouknowanyotherwomenwhohavemadegreatachievementstotheworld?

Ⅲ.Whoisyourmodelfemalefigure？

Whathaveyoulearnedfromher?

Ⅰ.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A．JaneGoodall’slifeinprotectingthewildlife.

B．JaneGoodall’slifeintheforestinAfrica.

C．Chimps’lifeintheforest.

D．Manywildanimalsareindanger.

答案　A

Ⅱ.Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.

Para.1　　A．Janehasachievedmanythingsthroughherefforts.

Para.2B．Janehasdonemanythingsforchimps.

Para.3C．Janehashelpedpeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofthebehaviourofchimps.

Para.4D．ThegroupstudiedafamilyofchimpsinthewaythatJanedid.

答案　Para.1：

D　Para.2：

C　Para.3：

B　Para.4：

A

Ⅰ.Readthepassageandjudgewhetherthefollowingsentencesaretrue（T）orfalse（F）．

1．Thechimpsshowloveintheirfamilybytalkingtoeachother.（F）

2．Janehashelpedtosetupspecialplacesforthewildanimalstolivein.（T）

3．Shehasarguedthatchimpsshouldbeleftintheforest.（T）

4．Shesupposesthatpeopleshouldnotusechimpsforentertainment.（T）

5．Shehasspentlessthanfortyyearshelpingpeopleunderstandherwork.（F）

Ⅱ.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.

1．Fromthefirstparagraph，wecanseethat.

A．thegrouphappenedtoseeafamilyofchimpswakeup

B．itmustbeatiringjobtofollowandwatchchimpfamilies

C．chimpsarefriendlytohumans

D．chimpsofafamilyareusedtosleepingseparately

答案　B

2．Mostofthetime，chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherbecause.

A．theyarehungry

B．theyaredirty

C．theyarefriendlytoeachother

D．theyhavenothingtodo

答案　C

3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．Janehadtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironmentbecauseshewasn’tabletostudyatauniversity.

B．ThankstoJane’swork，peopleknowalotmoreaboutthewildlifethanbefore.

C．Janeagreedthattheanimalscouldbeleftinthewildandcouldbeusedforentertainmentandadvertisements.

D．ThoughJaneworkedhardwithanimalsintheirownenvironment，shedidn’tgetadoctor’sdegree.

答案　B

4．Whatdoestheword“they”inthesentence“Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.”mean?

A．Jane’sfamily.

B．Somefamiliesintheforest.

C．Thechimpfamily.

D．AGombefamily.

答案　C

5．Theauthorwritesthispassageina（n）attitude.

A．subjectiveB．admiring

C．ironic（讽刺的）D．humorous

答案　B

Afterreadingthepassage，pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.

JaneGoodallhasstudiedthechimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.NobodybeforeJane1.fully（full）understoodtheirbehaviour.Sinceherchildhoodshe2.hadwanted（want）toworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However，thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960，itwas3.unusual（usual）forawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherfor4.thefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Shespentmanyyears5.observing（observe）andrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicate6.witheachother.Shehasarguedthattheyshould7.beleft（leave）inthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaces8.wheretheycanlivesafely.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo，andshe9.isrespected（respect）bymanypeopleintheworld.Andnowsheinspiresthosewhowanttocheerthe10.achievements（achieve）ofwomen.

1．Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.

[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。

goingbacktotheplace为动名词短语，作动词means的宾语。

whereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore为定语从句，修饰先行词theplace，leftthefamilysleepinginatree为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，因thefamily与sleep之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用sleeping作宾补。

[自主翻译]　这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。

2．Forexample，oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.

[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。

shediscovered为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词thing。

thatchimpshuntandeatmeat为表语从句，由that引导，一般不可以省略，and连接表语从句中的两个动词。

[自主翻译]　比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩捕猎并吃肉。

3．Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo：

workingwithanimalsintheirownenvironment，gainingadoctor’sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan.

[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。

shewantedtodo为省略了关系代词that的定语从句。

后面接连三个动名词短语workingwith...，gaining...，andshowing...作everything的同位语；thatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan为宾语从句，作动词show的宾语。

[自主翻译]　她已经完成了她想做的一切：

在动物生活的环境中工作，获得博士学位，证明女人能像男人一样在森林里生活。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience，oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried，someworkedwiththeirhusbands，andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland，MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils（化石）intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold，Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons（骨架）ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.

In1891，ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911，thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.

1．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessful

D．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

由第一段最后一句可知，作者认为女性科学家经历很多艰难才能走向成功。

2．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.

A．wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarried

B．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearth

C．researchanimalsandtheirbones

D．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段中的“...forherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.”可知选B。

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?

A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.

B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.

C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.

D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知D项正确。

4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Ancientdiscoveries.

B．Womenscientists.

C．Successfulmarriages.

D．Differentprizes.

答案　B

解析　主旨大意题。

由主题段落第一段可知，作者主要讲述成功的女科学家的事迹，后文中的两个例子也体现了这一点。

故选B。

B

Maria（1718～1799）wasafamousItalianmathematician.Shewasdescribedinabookasfollows：

“Mariawasachildprodigy（神童），butwasalsoshy.”

Shestayedathome，teachingtheyoungerchildrenandfollowingherownstudies.Whenhermotherdiedaftergivingbirthtotwentyonechildren，Mariatookovertherunningofthehousehold.Attheageoftwentyshestartedatenyearproject，abookbringingtogethertheworkoncalculus（微积分学）ofLeibnitzandNewtontitledAnalyticInstitutions.Sometimesshewouldhavetroublewithaproblem，buthermindwentonworkingeveninhersleep；shewouldsleepwalktoherstudyandbac