英语作文指导.docx

英语作文指导.docx

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英语作文指导

高考话题语篇专练14

科普发明

（二）

（建议用时35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

EverywhereIlookoutsidemyhomeIseepeoplebusyontheirhigh-techdevices,whiledriving,walking,shopping,evensittingintoilets.Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobecometechnologyaddicted.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplehadahardertimeresistingtheallureofsocialmediathantheydidforsleep,cigarettesandalcohol.

Themaingoaloftechnologycompaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.Theyhavesuccessfullycreatedaculturaldisease.Consumerswillinglygiveuptheirfreedom,moneyandtimetocatchuponthelatestinformation,tokeeppacewiththeirpeersortoappearmodern.

Iseepeopletrappedinapathological（病态的）relationshipwithtime-suckingtechnology,wheretheyservetechnologymorethantechnologyservesthem.Icallthistechnologyservitude.Iamreferringtoalossofpersonalfreedomandindependencebecauseofuncontrolledconsumptionofmanykindsofdevicesthateatuptimeandmoney.

Whatisahealthyuseoftechnologydevices?

Thatisthevitalquestion.Whoisreallyinchargeofmylife?

Thatiswhatpeopleneedtoaskthemselvesifwearetohaveanychanceofbreakingupfalsebeliefsabouttheiruseoftechnology.Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,becomethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.MaeWestisfamousforproclaiming（声明）thewisdomthat“toomuchofagoodthingiswonderful.”Butit’stimetodiscoverthatitdoesnotworkfortechnology.

RichardFernandez,anexecutivecoachatGoogleacknowledgedthat“wecanbesweptawaybyourtechnologies.”Tobreakthegranddigitalconnection,peoplemustconsiderhowlifelongagocouldbefantasticwithouttoday’soverusedtechnology.

【文章大意】本文主要讨论了人们过度地使用高科技产品,从而使自己的生活受到了这些产品的控制等情况。

1.Theunderlinedword“allure”inParagraph1probablymeans　　　.

A.advantageB.attraction

C.adaptationD.attempt

【解析】选B。

词义猜测题。

结合第一段的画线词前面的EverywhereIlookoutsidemyhomeIseepeoplebusyontheirhigh-techdevices,whiledriving,walking,shopping,evensittingintoilets.Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobecometechnologyaddicted.可知,人们一直看着手里的高科技设备,说明它们有吸引力。

2.Fromthepassage,technologycompaniesaimto　　　.

A.attractpeopletobuytheirproducts

B.providethelatestinformation

C.improvepeople’squalityoflife

D.dealwithculturaldiseases

【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第二段的Themaingoaloftechnologycompaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.可知,科技公司的目的是吸引人们购买它们的产品,而不是提高人们的生活质量。

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatpeople　　　.

A.considertoomuchtechnologywonderful

B.haverealizedtheharmofhigh-techdevices

C.canregainfreedomwithouthigh-techdevices

D.mayenjoylifebetterwithoutoverusedtechnology

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

结合倒数第二段的Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,becomethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.可知,作者认为假如不过度使用高科技,人们也许生活得更好。

4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoverusingofhigh-techdevices?

A.Neutral.B.Sceptical.

C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.

【解析】选C。

观点态度题。

结合最后一段的Tobreakthegranddigitalconnection,peoplemustconsiderhowlifelongagocouldbefantasticwithouttoday’soverusedtechnology.可知,作者对过度使用高科技是持反对态度的。

B

We’veallbeenthere:

it’seasyenoughtofollowourplanstoexerciseandeathealthily,untilsuddenlyit’s4:

30intheafternoonandwe’rereadytoplungeourfacesintothefirstdandelionwesee.Honeybees,likehumans,canexertself-controlwhenmakingdecisionsaboutfood.Butwhentheygethungryenough,thatcontrolbuzzesrightoutthewindow.

Workerhoneybeesmostlyconsumenectar.Whentheygetbacktothehivetheyregurgitatethatfoodandshareitwiththeotherbees.Aresponsibleworkerbeeshouldchoosethebestnectarsources—notjustsettleforthefirstflowershefinds—andcommunicatewheretheyaretohersistersbackhome.Butwillbeesalwayschoosethegoodofthecolonyovertheirownneeds?

Ifabeeishungryenough,willshelowerherstandards?

Tofindout,biologistChristopherMayackgatheredyounghunterhoneybees.Mayackblewdifferentchemicalsmellsoverthebees,thengavethemsugarrewards.Onesetofbeesgottheserewardsimmediately.Foranothersetofbees,thesmallrewardcameafteraone-seconddelay,andthelargerewardcameafterfiveseconds.

Mayackstoppedfeedingthebees.Atsixhours,beesusuallychosethelargereward,whetherornotitwasdelayed.Asmoretimepassed,thestarvingbeeswereincreasinglylikelytochoosethelargereward—butonlywhenitcameimmediately.Andat24hoursofstarvation,beeswerenolongerwillingtowaitfivesecondsfortheirdrinkofsugarwater.Mostofthemchoseasmaller,immediaterewardinstead.

Honeybeesdisplay“oneofthemostextremeformsofsocialbehaviorintheanimalkingdom,”Mayacksays.Atfirstglancetheyappeartotallyselfless.Yethisstudyshowsthatabeeindistresswillactinherownbestinterest.Thebrainpathwaysthatleadtothisbehaviormaybeleftoverfromanearliertimeinbeeevolution,whentheinsectslivedontheirown.Whenabeeishungryenough,sherevertstoactinglikeasolitaryinsectinsteadofagroupmember.

Whethershefeelsguiltyafterward,resolvingtohavemoreself-controltomorrowandmaybehitthegym,isaquestionforanotherday.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍研究人员们发现,饥饿的蜜蜂会失去自制力,吃掉食物,而不再顾及其他蜜蜂:

蜜蜂也自私。

5.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat　　　.

A.humansdon’talwayskeeptheirexerciseplans

B.beesbehavelikehumansinchoosingfood

C.hungrybeeswillflyouttofindfood

D.peoplewillfeelhungryintheafternoon

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第一段的Honeybees,likehumans,canexertself-controlwhenmakingdecisionsaboutfood.可知,蜜蜂像人类一样,在做出关于食物的决定的时候,有自我控制力。

6.WhatdidMayackwanttofindaboutbees?

A.Whatmakesthemactimpulsively.

B.Whentheybegintofeelhungry.

C.Whethertheyarealwaysselfless.

D.Howlongtheycansurvivewithoutfood.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

结合第二段的Butwillbeesalwayschoosethegoodofthecolonyovertheirownneeds?

Ifabeeishungryenough,willshelowerherstandards?

可知,研究人员们想看看蜜蜂在饥饿的时候是否自私。

7.Accordingtotheresearch,hungrybees　　　.

A.willliveindependentlyfromothermembers

B.willfeellonelyevenasagroupmember

C.willsacrificetheirowninterestforthecolony

D.willbegintocaremoreaboutthemselves

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第四段的Andat24hoursofstarvation,beeswerenolongerwillingtowaitfivesecondsfortheirdrinkofsugarwater.Mostofthemchoseasmaller,immediaterewardinstead.可知,在饥饿的时候,蜜蜂就会不管其他的蜜蜂,满足于自己的食欲。

8.Theunderlinedphrase“hitthegym”maymean　　　.

A.gotoworkimmediately

B.domuchmoreexercise

C.practisecontrollingherself

D.continuetobeselfish

【解析】选A。

词义猜测题。

结合最后一段画线句前面的Whethershefeelsguiltyafterward,resolvingtohavemoreself-controltomorrow可知A的意义符合上下文的逻辑。

9.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Beescan’tbehungryactually

B.Hungrybeesloseself-control

C.Selfishbeesareeasytofeelhungry

D.Beeslearntocontrolthemselvesbetter

【解析】选B。

标题归纳题。

本文主要介绍了研究人员对于蜜蜂是否会产生自私行为进行的研究,发现当饥饿的时候,蜜蜂也会自私。

Ⅱ.阅读填句

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

SeeingwithSound

AccordingtoaBritishnewsreport,someblindpeoplemayfinallygetachanceto“see”.

　1　Dr.PeterMeijer,ascientistatPhilipsResearchLaboratoriesintheNetherlands,hasdevelopedanewsystemcalledthevOICe.ThethreemiddlelettersinvOICestandfor“Oh,Isee.”Meijer’sgroundbreakingtechnologymaychangethelivesofvisuallyimpairedpeopleallovertheworld.

AwearablesetupofvOICesystemconsistsofahead-mountedcamera,stereoheadphonesandanotebookPC.Thesystemtranslatesvisualimagesfromacameraintocomplexsounds.

　2　Theprogramisbasedonthetheorythatpeoplecanhearcertainsoundsandlearntotranslatethemintomeaningfulmentalimages.Everythinghasitsownuniquesound.　3　Theheightofanobjectorpersoncouldbedeterminedbypitch（音调）.Andabuilt-incoloridentifierspeaksoutcolornameswhenitisturnedon.WhatthevOICeusershavetolearniswhichsoundgoeswithwhichobject.Meijersaysthatheiscountingonthebrain’sabilitytoadapt.

　4　Withintwoweeks,mostpeoplewhoexperimentwiththevOICesystemareabletoidentifyobjectssuchaswallsanddoors.Theyarealsoabletoidentifycertainsituations,includingwhetherthelightsinaroomareonoroff.　5　MeijerthinksthattranslatingwilleventuallybecomeautomaticformanyusersofthevOICe,bringingaformofvisiontothemfortheveryfirsttime.

A.Brighterareassoundlouderthandarkerareas.

B.Itthensendsthesesoundstoapersonthroughheadphones.

C.However,theyarenotlearningtoseewiththeireyes;theyarelearningtoseewiththeirears.

D.ThevOICesystemisaimingtotreatblindnessbytranslatingimagesfromacameraintoaudiosignals.

E.Meijersupposesthatthebrainisinterestedintheinformation“content”,butnottheinformation“carrier”.

F.Toevaluatethenewsystem’seffectiveness,anumberofvisuallyimpairedpeoplewerechosentotestthevOICe.

G.Overtime,someusershaveevenlearnedto“watch”televisionor“recognize”theoutlinesofbuildingsastheywalk.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了科学家们发明了一种名为ThevOICe的系统,它可以让那些盲人们能够通过声音而看到物体等情况。

1.【解析】选C。

前面see加了引号,注意引号的作用;这里的see实际上就是听,只有C项才能把上下文联系起来。

2.【解析】选B。

说明了本系统的工作流程,先把图像转化成声音,然后再把声音通过耳机传给人。

3.【解析】选A。

前一句话:

Everythinghasitsownuniquesound.表明“任何事物都有自己独一无二的声音”,而A项