河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题.docx

河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题.docx

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河南省上学期天一大联考顶尖计划高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题

河南省2020年上学期天一大联考“顶尖计划”高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题

考生注意：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

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回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

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3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Fromhelpingrescuedanimalsfindpermanenthomestoprovidingcareforchimpanzees（黑猩猩）thathavefoundshelter,there’salwaysavolunteeringsiteforeveryanimallover.Herearesomeamazingopportunities.

SeattleHumaneSociety

SeattleHumaneSocietyhasbeenhelpinganimalssince1897.In2013,itadoptedoutarecordof6,297pets.Itprovidesawiderangeofprograms,includingdogtraining,apetfoodbankandvolunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.Asix-monthcommitmentisrequired,andallvolunteersmustheatleast18yearsold.

ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwest

ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestwasfoundedin2003asashelterforchimpanzees.ItliesinthefoothillsoftheCascadeMountains,90mileseastofSeattle.Volunteershaveauniqueopportunitytoseewhatittakestorunashelter.Ithasthreelevelsofvolunteers;LevelIvolunteershelpwithmealpreparation;LevelIIvolunteershelpthestaffcleantheshelter;levelIIIvolunteersaretrainedtointeractdirectlywiththechimpanzees.

HopeForHorses

HopeForHorseshasanall-volunteerteamthathashelpedhundredsofseverelyabusedhorsessince2001.It'salsorescuedavarietyofotheranimalsovertheyears,includingdonkeys,chickens,geeseandagoat.Volunteersprovidehands-oncareforhorsesandotheranimals,includingmedicalresearch,sitevisitsandassistancewithadoption.Allvolunteersmustbe18yearsold.

PurrfectPals

PurrfectPals,whichwasfoundedin1988,isthePacificNorthwest'slargestcat-onlyadoptionshelterandorganization.Andit'soneofthelargestcat-onlysheltersinNorthAmericauswell.Itfindshomeforover2,000catseachyear.Itasksforafive-monthcommitmentandvolunteersmusthe18orolder.

21.What’sthetextintendedtointroduce?

A.Benefitsofbeinganimallovers.

B.Permanenthomesforrescuedanimals.

C.Volunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.

D.Commitmentsofvolunteersatanimalshelters.

22.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?

A.SeattleHumaneSociety.B.ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwest.

C.HopeForHorses.D.PurrfectPals.

23.InwhatwayisChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestdifferentfromtheotherthree?

A.ItlieswithinthecityofSeattle.B.Itsetsnoagelimitforvolunteers.

C.Itiscompletelyrunbyvolunteers.D.Itisashelterforonlyonekindofanimals.

B

EmilyEganwasbornandraisedinEssex,UnitedKingdomandspeaksnoforeignlanguage,buthearingherspeak,youcouldswearshe'saRussianimmigrant（移民）oratourist,becauseofherEasternEuropeanaccent.ButthefunnythingisthatshesometimessoundsFrench,ItalianorevenPolish,dependingonhowtiredsheis.

31-year-oldEmily'slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She’dhadheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedaydevelopingadeepervoicesuddenly.Hercolleaguesatachildren'shomethennoticedherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothsignsofastroke（中风）.Bythetimeshewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely,butafterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,insteadblaminghervoicelossonsomesortofinjurytoherbrain.

Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,EmilyEganwasstillunabletospeakandreliedonlyonbasicsignlanguageshe’dpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphonetocommunicate.AdoctorencouragedhertogoonavacationinThailandsheandherhusbandhadalreadybooked,andtotryandrelaxasmuchaspossible.Shedidjustthatandafewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.

"IwassothrilledwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevendiscernthevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth.Itdoesn'tsoundlikeme,"Egansaid.Eversincehervoicecameback,she'stakentimeoffworkbecausestressonlymakesherconditionworse.

WhathashappenedtoEmilysoundsshockinglysimilartothatofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideofAmerica,butwokeuptospeakingwithmanyaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.

24.WhyisEmilyEganconsideredaRussianimmigrant?

A.SheresemblesaRussianverymuch.

B.ShespeaksRussianlikeanativespeaker.

C.ShespeaksEnglishwithaRussianaccent.

D.ShecanfreelyswitchbetweenEnglishandRussian.

25.WhatresultedinEmily’sinabilitytospeak?

A.Braininjury.B.Asuddenstroke.

C.Long-termtiredness.D.Seriousheadaches.

26.Theunderlinedword"discern"inparagraph4mostprobablymeans"".

A.controlB.ignoreC.transformD.recognize

27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEmilyfromthetext?

A.Shehasalreadyreturnedtowork.

B.Hercaseisn'taloneintheworld.

C.Shelearnedsignlanguageafterhervoiceloss.

D.Hervoicereturnedafterthreeweeks'treatment.

C

Arelativeofstarfishdoesn'thaveeyes,butcansillsee.ThatinformationcomesfromscientistswhostudiedseacreaturesinthecoralreefsoftheCaribbeanandGulfofMexico.

Theresearchersreportedthismonththatthestarfish’srelative-calledtheredbrittlestar-isonlythesecondcreatureknowntobeabletoseewithouthavingeyes.Thisabilityiscallextraocularvision（眼外视觉）.Theothercreaturesaidtohaveextraocularvisionisakindofseaurchin.

Brittlestars,withfivearmsextendingfromacentraldisk,arepartofagroupofsealifecalledechinoderms.Theyhaveanervoussystembutnobrain.Theredbrittlestarmeasuresuptoabout35centimeterswide,fromtheendofonearmtotheother.Itlivesinbrightandcomplexenvironments.Becauseofthepossibilityofbeingeatenbyfish,thecreaturehidesduringdaylighthours.

Theredbrittlesstarpossessesextraocularvisionasaresultoflight-sensingcells,calledphotoreceptors.Thesephotoreceptorscoveritsbodyandchromatophores,thecellsresponsibleforcoloring.Duringthedaytime,thechromatophoresnarrowthefieldoflightbeingdetected,makingeachphotoreceptorslikethepixel（像素）ofacomputerimage.Whencombinedwithotherpixels,theimagebecomescomplete.

Thevisualsystemdoesn'tworkatnight.Laboratoryexperimentssuggestedthatthebrittlestarshaveverysimplevision.Placedinacircularenvironment,forexample,theymovedtowardwallsthatwerewhitewithablackbar,suggestiveofaldaytimehidingplace.

LaurenSumner-RooneyisaresearchfellowattheOxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory.Sheledthestudy.Shesaid,"It'ssuchadifferentconceptforus,asveryvisuallydrivenanimals,toimaginehowananimalmightseeitshabitatwithouteyes,butnowweknowoftwoexamples."

28.What'sresearchers'newfindingabouttheredbrittlestar?

A.Itisarelativeofstarfish.B.Itlivesinthecoralreefs.

C.Ithasaveryrareability.D.Itisaseacreature.

29.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph3?

A.Togive:

reasonswhythebrittlestarhasnobrain.

B.Tomakeageneralintroductionofthebrittlestar.

C.Tostresstherolethebrittlestarplaysinthesea.

D.Toexplainwhythebrittlestarkeepsauniquelifestyle.

30.Accordingtothetext,photoreceptors.

A.spreadonthesurfaceoftheredbrittlestarB.functionnormallyeveninthenighttime

C.controlthefieldoflightbeingdetectedD.serveascellsresponsibleforcoloring

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowSeaCreatureFindsItsHabitatUnderwaterB.HowSeaCreature'sVisualSystemWorks

C.SeaCreatureFindsNewHabitatD.SeaCreatureSeesWithoutEyes

D

AresearchteamledbyUCLAmaterialsscientistshasshownwaystomakesuperwhitepaintthatreflectsasmuchas98%ofincomingheatfromthesun.Theadvanceshowspracticalpathwaysfordesigningpaintsthat,ifusedonrooftopsandotherpartsofabuilding,couldgreatlyreducecoolingcosts,beyondwhatstandardwhitecool-roofpaintscanachieve.

"WhenyouwearawhiteT-shirtonahotsunnyday,youfeelcoolerthanifyouwearonethat'sdarkerincolor-that'sbecausethewhiteshirtreflectsmoresunlightandit’sthesameconceptforbuildings,"saidAaswathRaman,aresearcherofthestudy."Aroofpaintedwhitewillbecoolerinsidethanoneinadarkershadebyrejectingheatatinfrared（红外线的）wavelengths,whichwehumanscannotseewithoureyes.Thissuperwhitepaintcouldallowbuildingstocooldownevenmorebyradiative（辐射的）cooling."

Thebestperformingwhitepaintsnowavailabletypicallyreflectaround85%ofincomingsunheat.Theremainderisabsorbedbythechemicalmakeupofthepaint.Theresearchersshowedthatsimplechangesinapaint'singredientscouldofferabigjump,reflectingasmuchas98%ofincomingradiation.Thepotentialcoolingbenefitsthissuperwhitepaintcanachievemayberealizedinthenearfuturebecausethechangessuggestedarewithintheabilitiesofthepaintandcoatingsindustry.

Manycitiesandgovernments,includingthestaleofCaliforniaandNewYorkCity,havestartedtoencouragecool-rooftechnologiesfornewbuildings."Wehopethattheworkwillinspirefuturecreativityinsuper-whitecoatingsfornotonlyenergysavingsinbuildings,butalsolesseningtheheatislandeffectsofcities,andperhapsevenshowingapracticalwaythat,ifappliedglobally,couldaffectclimatechange,"saidRaman,whohasstudiedcoolingpainttechnologiesforseveralyears,"Thiswouldrequireexpertsindiversefieldstoworktogether."

32.What’sthefunctionofthesuperwhitepaint?