新世纪综合英语B4U2.docx

新世纪综合英语B4U2.docx

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新世纪综合英语B4U2

Unit2Book4

TechnologyandHappiness

1.Difficultsentences

1）（LL24~25）Butit’sbeenleftlargelyunexaminedbyeconomistsandsocialscientists.

Whatdoes“it”refertohere?

（=Itreferstotherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnology.）

Paraphrasethissentence.

（=Buteconomistsandsocialscientistshavehardlyexaminedtherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnologyatall.）

2）（LL25~29）Thetrulygroundbreakingworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-beingwasdonebytheeconomistRichardEasterlin,whoin1974wroteafamouspaperentitled“DoesEconomicGrowthImprovetheHumanLot?

”

Whatisthemeaningof“lot”?

（=Itmeansfortuneinlife.）

Howisthepaperofgreatsignificance?

（=Asaworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-being,itisinnovative.）

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

（=经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗？

”的著名论文。

）

3）（LL32~33）Money,Easterlinargued,couldnotbuyhappiness—atleastnotafteracertainpoint.

Whatdoesthissentenceimply?

（=Moneycan’tbringpeoplehappiness,atleastwhenpeople’swealth

hasreachedtoacertainlevel.）

4）（L.39）…peopleadaptveryquicklytogoodnews.

Howusuallywillpeoplereacttogoodnews?

（=Theytendtofeelhappyandexcitedonhearinggoodnewsbutthey

soontakeitforgranted.）

5）（L.58）Telemarketing,trafficjams,andidentitytheftallcometomind.

Explainthethreeexpressionsinthesentence,“telemarketing”,“trafficjam”and“identitytheft”.

（=Telemarketingmeanssalespeopletrytosellproductstoyouonthephone.Trafficjammeansyourcarisstuckinheavytraffic.Identitytheftmeansyourpersonalinformationisstolen.）

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

（=我们马上会想到电话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。

）

6）（LL60~62）Butforthemostpart,moderncritiquesoftechnologyhave

focusednotsomuchonspecific,badtechnologiesasthe

impactoftechnologyonourhumanrelationships.

Whatdomoderncritiquesoftechnologymainlyfocuson?

（=Theymainlyfocusontheimpactoftechnologyonourhumanrelationships.）

Paraphrasethissentence.

（=However,currentcommentsontechnologyhavemostlycenteredonthebadeffectsoftechnologyonourhumanrelationshipsratherthanparticular,harmfultechnologies.）

7）（LL66~68）Thenotionthattechnologydisruptsrelationshipsandfracturescommunitygainedmainstreamprominenceasanattackontelevision.

Whatdopeopleblametelevisionmainlyfor?

（=Televisionistoblamemainlyforinterferingwiththesmoothdevelopmentofrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandbreakingupcommunityunity.）

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

（=人们对电视的批评主要集中在以下方面：

技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了社区交往。

）

8）（LL78~81）Today,technologicalchangeissorapidthatwhenyoubuysomething,youdosoknowingthatinafewmonthsthere’sgoingtobeabetter,fasterversionoftheproduct,andthatyou’regoingtobestuckwiththeoldone.

Withtechnologychangingsorapidly,isitpossibleforpeopletobuythebestproduct?

Whyorwhynot?

（=No,becauserapiddevelopmentoftechnologywillalwayssoonproduceabetterone.）

Whatcanwedowiththeoldversionoftheproduct?

（=Wehavetokeepitevenifwedon’tlikeitanymore.）

9）（LL82~83）It’sasifdisappointmentwerebuiltintoacquisitionfromtheverybeginning.

Whatdoesthissentencemean?

（=Itseemsasifpeopleweredoomedtodisappointmentthemomenttheyboughttheproduct.）

10）（LL84~87）Dailystress,anannoyingsenseofdisappointment,fearthatthegovernmentknowsalotmoreaboutyouthanyouwouldlikeitto—theseareobviouslysomeofthewaysinwhichtechnologyreducespeople’ssenseofwell-being.

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

（=日常生活的压力、一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你

希望程度的恐惧感——这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的几个方面。

）

11）（LL94~95）…themoretimetheygetonearth,thebetterofftheyfeelthey’llbe.

Whatdoesthissentencemean?

（=…thelongerlifepeopleliveintheworld,thehappiertheyfeel

they’llbe.）

12）（LL97~101）Asmuchasweshouldworryabouttherisingcostofhealthcareandtheproblemoftheuninsured,it’salsoworthrememberinghowvaluableforourspiritsaswellasourbodiesarethebenefitsthatmedicaltechnologyhasbroughtus.

Whoarethe“uninsured”?

（=peoplewhodon’tenjoyhealthcareinsurance.）

Howdoesmedicaltechnologybenefitpeopleaccordingtothissentence?

（=Itbenefitspeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.）

13）（LL102~104）…whatthetechnologicalimprovementofourhealthandourlongevityemphasizesisaparadoxofanydiscussionofhappinessonanationaloragloballevel…

Whatdoesthissentenceimply?

（=…thefactthattechnologyhasgreatlyimprovedpeople’shealthandlifeexpectancyisjustcontradictorytothegeneralclaimatanylevelthattechnologycannotbringhappinesstopeople.）

14）（LL104~107）…eventhoughpeoplemaynotbehappier,eventhoughtheyarewealthierandpossessmoretechnology,they’restillashungryaseverformoretime.

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

（=即使人们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术，他们还会像

以前那样渴望长寿。

）

2.WordsandExpressions

1）（L.3）gross:

a.general,total

*grossdomesticproduct（GDP）国内生产总值

（=Hisgrossannualincome,beforetax,isjust$12,000.）

这个包裹连盒子总重量是十公斤。

（=Thegrossweightofthepackageis10kilos,includingthebox.）

2）（L.3）triple:

v.（causeto）growtothreetimestheamountornumber

*Apartmentswithgenerousspacesinthisareawilltripleinvalue.

新设备的引进使我们的产量增加到了三倍。

（=Theintroductionofnewequipmenthastripledtheoutput.）

（=WorldfuelconsumptionhastripledsinceWorldWarⅡ.）

3）（L.5）lifeexpectancy:

thelengthoftimethatapersonoranimalisexpectedtolive

*Womenstillhavealongerlifeexpectancythanmen.

这个部落人的平均寿命是40岁。

（=Theaveragelifeexpectancyofthepeopleinthistribeis40years.）

Collocations:

lowlifeexpectancy预期寿命短

highlifeexpectancy预期寿命长

alifeexpectancyof50years预期寿命50年

4）（L.5）soar:

vi.riserapidlyortoaveryhighlevel

*Unexpectedlythejetcrashedshortlyafteritsoaredintotheair.

（=Industrialunemploymenthassoaredto40%,whichisthreateningthesocialstability.）

5）（L.5）boom:

n.a（periodof）rapidgrowthorincrease

*Thiscountry'seconomydevelopmenthascontributedalottotheboominworldtrade.

我们必须要意识到90年代的经济繁荣已经结束了。

（=Wehavetorealizethattheeconomicboomin90sisovernow.）

6）（L.10）entertainment:

n.sth.,esp.apublicperformance,thatamuses

*LasVegasisoneofthebiggestentertainmentcentersintheUS.

（=Ouragencysuppliesliveentertainmentforprivateorcorporationparties.）

适当的娱乐对于情感和心理的健康是必要的。

（=Appropriateentertainmentisnecessaryforemotionalandpsychologicalhealth.）

7）（L.16）formal:

a.suitableforofficialoccasions,seriouswriting,etc.

butnotforordinaryconversation

Weshouldbeformalonbusinessoccasions,andnevercallanyonebytheirfirstname.我们在商务场合应该讲究礼仪,不要对别人直呼其名。

（=Youshouldn'tuse"Yoursfaithfully"—it'smuchtooformalforthiskindofletter.）

Collocations:

formalcurriculum正式课程

formaldress礼服

formaleffectiveness正式生效

formalstyle正式文体

8）（L.16）survey:

n.ageneralexaminationorstudy,esp.carriedoutbyaskingpeoplequestions

最近的调查发现学生希望在课堂上有更多的时间练习口语。

（=Therecentsurveyfoundthatstudentswantedtospendmoretimepracticingspeakinginclass.）

*Inasurveyconductedbyaleadingtravelfirm,theCanaryIslandswerethemostpopularvacationspot.

cf.inquiry,investigation&survey

这些名词均有“调查”之意。

inquiry普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。

investigation一般指系统的调查，以了解希望发现或需要知道的事。

survey多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。

（Directions:

）Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.A/An_____byairlineofficialshasshownthatthecrashwascausedbyhumanerror.（=investigation）

2.Outofcuriosity,shemade_____abouttheguywhodatedhersister.（=inquiries）

3.Thisreportwasbasedona/an_______ourgroupcarriedoutinthepasttwomonths.（=survey）

4.Someofthepeopleunder______havebeenaccusedofspying.（=investigation）

9）（L.19）onaverage:

inmostcases;usually

*Onaverage,18%ofourdailycaloriescomefromsugar.

我国成年人平均每天抽烟五根。

（=Adultsinourcountrysmokeonaveragefivecigeratteseveryday.）

10）（L.30）whenitcomesto:

whenitconcerns

*Whenitcomestothismatter,people’sopinionsvary.这个问题大家众说纷纭。

在记者招待会上，当提到这位影星的私人生活时，他总是保持沉默。

（=Atthepressconference,whenitcametohispersonallife,themoviestaralwayskeptsilence.）

11）（L.31）correlation:

n.astructural,functional,orqualitative

correspondencebetweentwothings

*Thereisanobviouscorrelationbetweensunbathandskincancer.

（=Intests,therewasnocorrelationfoundbetweendietandintelligence.）

12）（L.37）phenomenon:

n.anoccurrence,acircumstance,orafactthatisperceptiblebythesenses.

*Aneclipseofthemoonisararephenomenon.月蚀是罕见的现象。

对数学的透彻理解有助于解释各种各样的自然现象。

（=Athoroughunderstandingofmathematicshelpsexplainawiderangeofnaturalphenomena.）

13）（L.48）atwork:

havinganeffectonsth.

*Thepillsareatwork,andheissleepinglikealognow.

经济学家们正在研究通货膨胀在经济中的作用。

（=Economistsarenowstudyingtheinflationaryforcesatworkintheeconomy.）

14）（L.50）frustrating:

a.annoying;discouraging

*Manylearnersfinditfrustratingthattheycan'tspeakthesecondlanguagewellenoughafteralongtimeofstudy,andthenquit.

（=Recoveryfromaseriousaccidentcanbeaslowandfrustratingprocess.）

随着孩子们渐渐长大，他们开始反抗父母的管束。

（=Astheygrowolder,kidsbegintorebelagainsttherestraints

imposedbytheirparents.）

frustrate:

v.tocausefeelingsofdiscouragement

*Lackofprogressinrecoveryfrustrateshergreatly.康复没什么起色,这让她很灰心。

frustrated:

a.beinginastateofupsetordiscouragement

*Theworld-famousdirectoroncewas