北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业.docx

北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业.docx

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北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业

Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman"sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖病）laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.AccordingtoSchwarz"sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（80）“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsremendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon"tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.Thefindingisn"tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕））thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

AccordingtoSchwarz"sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?

Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

Themostfamouscollectionsoffairytales（童话）aretheonesbyJakobandWilhelmGrimm.TheGrimmspublishedtheirfirstfairy-talecollectionin1812.Theydidn’tthinktheywerewritingforchildren.TheythoughttheywerepreservingdisappearingGermanfolkculture.Theirfirstedition（版本）wasascholarlybookthatcarefullyrecordedtheoraltales.Theyweresurprisedwhensomeoftheirearlyreaderssuggestedthatthestoriesmightbeinterestingtochildren.ButtheGrimmsneededmoney.Theyhadmadeabaddealwiththeirpublisherandreceivedlittlepaymentfortheirfirstbook.AtonepointWilhelmplainedtherewasn’tachairinhishouseonecouldsitonwithoutworryingitwouldbreak.Sohetookthehintandsettoworktomakeabookthatwouldbesuitableforchildren.Heselectedafewofthetales,madethemmuchlonger,andpolishedupthelanguage.Hedidn’taddmorals,buthedidslipincharacterjudgmentsandmoralizingmentswhereverhecould.TheGrimms’fairytalesalsohaveonecharacteristicthatwouldseemtomakethemunsuitableforchildren.Manyofthemincludeviolentincidents.In“HanselandGretel”anoldwomanisburnedtodeathinanoven,andin“LittleRedRidingHood”achildiseatenbyawolf.Whenherevisedthetalesforchildren,WilhelmGrimmretainedtheviolence.Infact,hesometimesevenrampeditup.Forexample,inthefirsteditionofthetales,Cinderellaforgiveshersistersattheend.It’sonlyinthesecondedition,theoneintendedforchildren,thatherbirdspeck（啄）outtheireyes.Why,then,havetheGrimms’fairytalesbeeclassicsofchildren’sliterature,somuchsothatitishardtoimagineachildwhodoesn’tknowCinderella’sstoryorSnowWhite’s?

Oneansweristhatonlyafewofthetalessurvivedintomoderntimes.ThefirsteditionoftheGrimms’fairytaleshad210tales.By1825itwasdownto50.Andtodayonlyadozenorsoofthetalesareoftenreprintedinchildren’scollections.Butthedeeperansweristhatthetalesthathavelastedaremagicaladventuresthathelpchildrendealwiththestrugglesandfearsoftheireverydaylives.

WhydidWilhelmGrimmsetouttoadapthisbookforchildren?

Whenrevisingthefairytales,WilhelmdidallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

Whatdoestheexpression“rampeditup”inParagraph3probablymean?

WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheGrimms’fairytalesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

Astheschoolyearkicksoff,parentsareonceagainstragglingtocajole（哄编）and,ifneedbe,dragtheirexhaustedteensoutofbed.Thatimagemaymakeyoulaugh,butlackofsleepisnojoke.Teenagerswhodon’tgetenoughresthavemorelearning,health,behaviorandmoodproblemsthanstudentswhogetatleastninehoursanight.Long-termlackofsleepistiedtoheartdisease,overweight,depressionandashortenedlifespaninadults,indicatingtheimportanceofestablishinggoodsleephabitsearlyinlife.Lackofsleepcanbeespeciallydeadlyforteens;caraccidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongteenagers,andsafetyexpertsbelievesleepydrivingisamajorfactor.Unfortunately,fewteenagersgetthesleeptheyneed.Inasurveyofmiddle-andhigh-schoolstudents,UniversityofColoradoresearchersfoundthat82percentsaidtheywokeuptiredandunrefreshed,andmorethanhalfhadtroubleconcentratingduringthedayatleastonceaweek.Blamemultitaskingforsomeofthis.Manystudentsarejugglingafter-schoolactivities,homeworkandpart-timejobs.Evenwhentheymanagetofulfilltheseobligationsbyareasonablehour,television,theInternet,videogames,phonecallsandtextmessagestofriendsoftenkeepthemawakedeepintothenight.Takingsodaandenergydrinkslateinthedayandgoingtolate-nightpartiesonweekendsaddtosleepdebt.Biologyalsoworksagainstteenagers’sleep,Thebody’sinternalclock,whichcontrolswhenapersonstartstofeeltired,shiftsafterpuberty（青春期）,makingithardformostteenstofallasleepbefore11pm.Classusuallybeginsbefore8:

15am,withmanyhighschoolsstartingasearlyas7:

15am.Togettoschoolontime,mostteenshavetogetupby6:

30am,guaranteeingthey’llbesleep-deprivedduringtheweek.Teensoftensleepmuchlateronweekendstocatchup,makingitevenhardertofallasleeponSundaynightandwakeupMondaymorning.Playingcatch-uponweekendsalsodoesn’thelpteensstayrefreshedwhentheyneeditmost:

duringtheweekatschool.Sincethe1990s,middleandhighschoolsinmorethantwodozenstateshaveexperimentedwithlaterschoolstarttimes.Theresultshavebeenencouraging:

moresleep,increasedattendance,bettergradesandfewerdrivingaccidents.Butmostschoolsstillstartearly,meaningteenshavetheirworkcutoutforthemiftheywanttogetenoughsleep.

Accordingtothepassage,poorsleepcanbelinkedtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT

ThemainideaofParagraph3is___

Whatdoestheword“juggling”inParagraph3probablymean?

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtoblameforteenagers’lackofsleep?

Accordingtothepassage,whathavesomeschoolsdonetohelptheirstudentsgetenoughsleep?

Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn"teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit"slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisapletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we"recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it"sbeeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（79）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.

Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisp