北大17秋《大学英语第三组》在线作业.docx

1、北大17秋大学英语第三组在线作业 Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a womans risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link

2、 easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women from California. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703

3、were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old. According to Schwarzs study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never br

4、eastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found. While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Sch

5、warz says, even longer is better. (80) “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.” Many experts remend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says. The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who d

6、ont breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says. The finding isnt surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurrin

7、g during pregnancy (怀孕) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.According to the f

8、irst paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?According to Schwarzs findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?Which of the following is an appropri

9、ate title for this passage? The most famous collections of fairy tales (童话) are the ones by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The Grimms published their first fairy-tale collection in 1812. They didnt think they were writing for children. They thought they were preserving disappearing German folk culture. Th

10、eir first edition(版本) was a scholarly book that carefully recorded the oral tales. They were surprised when some of their early readers suggested that the stories might be interesting to children. But the Grimms needed money. They had made a bad deal with their publisher and received little payment

11、for their first book. At one point Wilhelm plained there wasnt a chair in his house one could sit on without worrying it would break. So he took the hint and set to work to make a book that would be suitable for children. He selected a few of the tales, made them much longer, and polished up the lan

12、guage. He didnt add morals, but he did slip in character judgments and moralizing ments wherever he could. The Grimms fairy tales also have one characteristic that would seem to make them unsuitable for children. Many of them include violent incidents. In “Hansel and Gretel” an old woman is burned t

13、o death in an oven, and in “Little Red Riding Hood” a child is eaten by a wolf. When he revised the tales for children, Wilhelm Grimm retained the violence. In fact, he sometimes even ramped it up. For example, in the first edition of the tales, Cinderella forgives her sisters at the end. Its only i

14、n the second edition, the one intended for children, that her birds peck(啄) out their eyes. Why, then, have the Grimmsfairy tales bee classics of childrens literature, so much so that it is hard to imagine a child who doesnt know Cinderellas story or Snow Whites? One answer is that only a few of the

15、 tales survived into modern times. The first edition of the Grimms fairy tales had 210 tales. By 1825 it was down to 50. And today only a dozen or so of the tales are often reprinted in childrens collections. But the deeper answer is that the tales that have lasted are magical adventures that help c

16、hildren deal with the struggles and fears of their everyday lives.Why did Wilhelm Grimm set out to adapt his book for children?When revising the fairy tales, Wilhelm did all of the following EXCEPT .What does the expression “ramped it up” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?Which of the following statement

17、s about the Grimms fairy tales is TRUE according to the passage?What is the passage mainly concerned with? As the school year kicks off, parents are once again straggling to cajole(哄编) and, if need be, drag their exhausted teens out of bed. That image may make you laugh, but lack of sleep is no joke

18、. Teenagers who dont get enough rest have more learning, health, behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night. Long-term lack of sleep is tied to heart disease, overweight, depression and a shortened life span in adults, indicating the importance of establishing good

19、sleep habits early in life. Lack of sleep can be especially deadly for teens; car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers, and safety experts believe sleepy driving is a major factor. Unfortunately, few teenagers get the sleep they need. In a survey of middle- and high-school studen

20、ts, University of Colorado researchers found that 82 percent said they woke up tired and unrefreshed, and more than half had trouble concentrating during the day at least once a week. Blame multitasking for some of this. Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs

21、. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep

22、 debt. Biology also works against teenagers sleep, The bodys internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15

23、 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing theyll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning. Playing catch-up on weekends also doesnt

24、help teens stay refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school. Since the 1990s, middle and high schools in more than two dozen states have experimented with later school start times. The results have been encouraging: more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving ac

25、cidents. But most schools still start early, meaning teens have their work cut out for them if they want to get enough sleep.According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPTThe main idea of Paragraph 3 is _What does the word “juggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?Wh

26、ich of the following is NOT to blame for teenagers lack of sleep?According to the passage, what have some schools done to help their students get enough sleep? The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry

27、 and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isnt easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. J

28、ust being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While its long been recognized that city life is exhausting, thi

29、s new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a plete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see

30、trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life. This research arrives just as humans cross an

31、important milestone (里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, were crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of Strangers. In recent years, its bee clear that such unnatural surroundings have important

32、 implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. This research is also leading some scientists to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. (79) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.Which of the following is the main idea of this p