高中英语语法 定语从句专题.docx

高中英语语法 定语从句专题.docx

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高中英语语法高中英语语法定语从句专题定语从句专题定语从句专题Eg:

Sheisabeautifulgirl.改写：

_

（一）定语从句定义1.定语从句：

在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：

被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。

3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系代词的种类：

关系代词that,which,who,whose,关系副词：

when,where,why

（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：

从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。

非限定性定语从句：

对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。

1.ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.（限定性）2.Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate（非限定性）（三）关系代词1.who,whom,whose;that;whichTheman_issittingunderthetreeisaGerman.Thestudents_speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Theman_youwanttoseeishere.Theman_youlookforhasleft.Iknowthegirl_theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirlto_theteacherisspeaking.Everyoneheplpsthechild_parentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudents_homeworkwasnthandedin.归纳总结：

who指_-，在定语从句中作_，宾语；that也可指人，但多用who.Whom指_，在句中做_，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。

whose,作_，可指人或物.2.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplant_growsinthenorth.that指人或物，多指物，作_（不能省略）或_（可省略）which,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）只能that用做关系代词的情况1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时4.当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等等修饰时。

5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。

6.当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，只用that。

7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.（四）关系副词1.when,where,whye.g.Hestillrememberthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.Illneverforgetthetimewhen（duringwhich）weworkedonthefarm.Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Herememberesthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories.在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year,day,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用_,_不能用whenItisthefirsttimethat句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。

Eg:

Iknowthefactory_Iworkedtwentyyearsago.Thisisthehouse_hehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.Thisistheshool_westudyeveryyear.Thisistheshool_wevisitedyesterday.

（1）where指前面的地点，在从句中作_

（2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which.注：

有时when,where相当于“介词+at/in+which”.e.g.Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.（3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3.why表示原因Thereasonwhyhedidntattendthemeetingisthathewasill.（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。

但一些短语东西如lookafter等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。

确定介词时：

一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定，例如：

（六）.非限定性定语从句指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。

e.g.Hedidntseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.（不用that）（七）as引导的限制性定语从句such.as：

像.一样的，像.之类；thesameas:

和.相同（代指同类事物）；thesamethat：

和.相同（代指同一事物）as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。

as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：

AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那样AsisreportedAswasexpected正如预料的那样重点比较as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。

Eg：

Hedidnttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。

而as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。

Eg：

Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.As与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。

e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。

ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。

针对练习11.【2011全国卷I】Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2.【2011四川卷】Theschoolshop,_customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where3.10山东Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What4.10陕西Theoldtemple_roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.10北京Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6.10重庆Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing_developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that7.09天津Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever8.09安徽Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillageAtheirBwhoseCofthemDwithwhom9.09湖南IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose针对练习21.【2011上海卷】Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2.【2011山东卷】Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that3.【2011福建卷】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4.10湖南IvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which5.10全国Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what关系副词针对性练习31.2011江苏卷）Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval（间隔;幕间,休息时间;距离）,_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2.【2011安徽卷）Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while3.【2011浙江卷）Abankistheplace_theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there4.【2011福建卷）ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.AthatBwhenCsinceDberore5【2011陕西卷）Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.10福建StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose7.10江西Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcenterwithhersister_shewouldstayforanhour.AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat8.10天津-CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?

-YoushouldtrythebarbersIgo.Itsonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that9.09上海Mozartsbirthplaceandthehouse_hecomposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow。

A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which10.09四川Shellneverforgetherstaythere__shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when11.09福建Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where12.09浙江Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why13.09重庆Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where14.09北京Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob？

Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that15.08北京Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where16.08安徽Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that17.08江西Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which18.08重庆TheywillflytoWashington,theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when19.08山东OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when介词+关系代词针对性练习41.10山东Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich2.09陕西GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich3.09江西ThehouseIgrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich4.10浙江Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those5.08福建Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich6.08四川Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich非限定性定语从句针对性练习51.【2011全国卷II）】TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which2.【2011北京卷）】MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that3.【2011江西卷）】Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich4.【2011江苏卷）】Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which5.【2011安徽卷）】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while6.【2011浙江卷）】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those7【2011陕西卷）】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that8.【2011湖南卷）】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that9.10浙江Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those10.10江苏Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which11.10四川Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeoff