高中英语语法 定语从句专题.docx

1、高中英语语法高中英语语法 定语从句专题定语从句专题 定语从句专题 Eg:She is a beautiful girl.改写：_（一）定语从句定义 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词 that,which,who,whose,关系副词：when,where,why（二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显

2、得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.The man who gave me this book is Tom.(限定性)2.Tom,who is reading a book,is my classmate(非限定性)（三）关系代词 1.who,whom,whose;that;which The man _ is sitting under the tree is a German.The students_ speaks German best comes from China.The man _ you want t

3、o see is here.The man_ you look for has left.I know the girl _ the teacher is speaking to.I know the girl to _ the teacher is speaking.Everyone heplps the child _ parents are dead.They are the lazy students _homework wasnt handed in.归纳总结：who指_-，在定语从句中作_，宾语；that 也可指人，但多用who.Whom 指_，在句中做_，可省略，但在做介词的宾语

4、是只能用whom,不能用 who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。whose,作_，可指人或物.2.He is the finest comrade that has helped us.This is a plant_ grows in the north.that 指人或物，多指物，作_（不能省略）或_（可省略）which,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）只能 that用做关系代词的情况 1.当先行词是 all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one 等不定代词时 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 3.如果出现两

5、个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时 4.当先行词被 the only,the last,the way,the same 等等修饰时。5.在疑问词 which 开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用 that。6.当先行词被 All,every,no,some,any,little,much 等修饰时，只用 that。7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词 one，指人时除外）只用 that.（四）关系副词 1.when,where,why e.g.He still remember the day when he joined the army.Ill never forget

6、 the time when(during which)we worked on the farm.I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.He regretted the days that/which he spent on play.He rememberes the days when he spent much money on stories.在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year,day,time,week 等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用_,_不能用 when It is the firs

7、t time that 句型中，that是习惯用法，不用 when。Eg:I know the factory_ I worked twenty years ago.This is the house _he has lived for 20 years.This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years.This is the shool _we study every year.This is the shool_we visited yesterday.（1）where指前面的地点，在从句中作_ (2)指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用

8、 where，须用 that/which.注：有时 when,where 相当于“介词+at/in+which”.e.g.He left the room where/in which he lived last year.(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词 3.why表示原因 The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill.（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短

9、语东西如 look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定，例如：（六）.非限定性定语从句 指人做主语用 who,作宾语用 whom，指地点用 where，指时间 when，指物只用which，不能用 that，作定语用 whose。e.g.He didnt see the film,which was very interesting.(不用 that)(七）as 引导的限制性定语从句 such.as：像.一样的，像.之类；the sameas:和.

10、相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）as 可以像 which 一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些 as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we know As has been said before 如上所述 As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样 As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样 重点比较 as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和

11、区别 as 和 which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as 和 which 可以和互换。Eg：He didnt tell me any news,as/which upset me.Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而 as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.=Talks between the two countrie

12、s,as is reported in the newspapers,are making progress.As 与 that的区别 As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。针对练习 1 1.【2011全国卷 I】The prize will go to the writer _ story

13、 shows the most imagination.A.that B.which C.whose D.what 2.【2011四川卷】The school shop,_ customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays.A.which B.whose C.when D.where 3.10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.A.that B.which C.whose D.What 4.10陕西The old temple _ roof was da

14、maged in storm is now under repair.A.where B.which C.its D.whose 5.10北京Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 6.10重庆In china,the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world.A.where B.which C.whose D.tha

15、t 7.09天津A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever 8.09安徽Many children,parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom 9.09湖南I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city nam

16、e will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A.which B.of which C.that D.whose 针对练习 2 1.【2011上海卷】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A.which B.where C.when D.as 2.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are

17、 built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.that 3.【2011福建卷】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A.which B.where C.what D.who 4.10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English

18、speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 5.10全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 关系副词针对性练习 3 1.2011江苏卷）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔;幕间,休息时间;距离）,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.w

19、hich 2.【2011安徽卷）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while 3.【2011浙江卷）A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A.when B.that C.where D.there 4.【2011福建卷）I

20、t was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bwhen Csince Dberore 5【2011陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.where C.who D.that 6.10福建Stephen Hawking believes that e

21、arth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whose 7.10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.A where B who C which D what 8.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a hairc

22、ut?-You should try the barbers I go.Its only 15.A.as B.which C.where D.that 9.09上海Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now。A.where B.when C.there D.which 10.09四川Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A.

23、that B.which C.where D.when 11.09福建Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 12.09浙江I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why 13.09重庆Life is like a long race _we compete

24、 with others to go beyond ourselves.A.why B.what C.that D.where 14.09北京What do you think of teacher,Bob？I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 15.08北京Ill give you my friends home address,I can be reached most evenings

25、.A.which B.when C.whom D.where 16.08安徽All the neighbors admire this family,the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.why B.where C.which D.that 17.08江西Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.w

26、hich 18.08重庆They will fly to Washington,they plan to stay for two or three days.A.where B.there C.which D.when 19.08山东Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when 介词+关系代词针对性练习 4 1.10山东Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the ne

27、ar future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 2.09陕西Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 3.09江西The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which 4.10浙江T

28、he settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 5.08福建By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above

29、 which 6.08四川For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which 非限定性定语从句针对性练习 5 1.【2011全国卷 II）】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A.this B.tha

30、t C.what D.which 2.【2011北京卷）】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_,of course,make all the others upset.A.who B.which C.what D.that 3.【2011江西卷）】She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _had taken more than three years.A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to whic

31、h 4.【2011江苏卷）】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.which 5.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while 6.【2011浙江卷）】English is a language s

32、hared by several diverse cultures,each of _ uses it somewhat differently.A.which B.what C.them D.those 7【2011陕西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.where C.who D.that 8.【2011湖南卷)】Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ s

33、he spoke fluently.A.who B.whom C.which D.that 9.10浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.10江苏The newly built caf,the walls of_ are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which 11.10四川After graduating from college,I took some time off