Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

Unity3DAnimation外文文献.docx

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Unity3DAnimation外文文献外文文献Untiy3DAnimationUnitysAnimationfeaturesincludeRetargetableanimations,Fullcontrolofanimationweightsatruntime,Eventcallingfromwithintheanimationplayback,SophisticatedStateMachinehierarchiesandtransitions,Blendshapesforfacialanimations,andmore.Readthissectiontofindouthowtoimportandworkwithimportedanimationandhowtoanimateobjects,colours,andanyotherparameterswithinUnityitself.AnimationSystemOverviewUnityhasarichandsophisticatedanimationsystem（sometimesreferredtoasMecanim）.Itprovides:

EasyworkflowandsetupofanimationsforallelementsofUnityincludingobjects,characters,andproperties.SupportforimportedanimationclipsandanimationcreatedwithinUnityHumanoidanimationretargeting-theabilitytoapplyanimationsfromonecharactermodelontoanother.Simplifiedworkflowforaligninganimationclips.Convenientpreviewofanimationclips,transitionsandinteractionsbetweenthem.Thisallowsanimatorstoworkmoreindependentlyofprogrammers,prototypeandpreviewtheiranimationsbeforegameplaycodeishookedin.Managementofcomplexinteractionsbetweenanimationswithavisualprogrammingtool.Animatingdifferentbodypartswithdifferentlogic.LayeringandmaskingfeaturesAnimationworkflowUnitysanimationsystemisbasedontheconceptofAnimationClips,whichcontaininformationabouthowcertainobjectsshouldchangetheirposition,rotation,orotherpropertiesovertime.Eachclipcanbethoughtofasasinglelinearrecording.Animationclipsfromexternalsourcesarecreatedbyartistsoranimatorswith3rdpartytoolssuchasMaxorMaya,orcomefrommotioncapturestudiosorothersources.AnimationClipsarethenorganisedintoastructuredflowchart-likesystemcalledanAnimatorController.TheAnimatorControlleractsasa“StateMachine”whichkeepstrackofwhichclipshouldcurrentlybeplaying,andwhentheanimationsshouldchangeorblendtogether.AverysimpleAnimatorControllermightonlycontainoneortwoclips,forexampletocontrolapowerupspinningandbouncing,ortoanimateadooropeningandclosingatthecorrecttime.AmoreadvancedAnimatorControllermightcontaindozensofhumanoidanimationsforallthemaincharactersactions,andmightblendbetweenmultipleclipsatthesametimetoprovideafluidmotionastheplayermovesaroundthescene.UnitysAnimationsystemalsohasnumerousspecialfeaturesforhandlinghumanoidcharacterswhichgiveyoutheabilitytoretargethumanoidanimationfromanysource（Eg.motioncapture,theassetstore,orsomeotherthird-partyanimationlibrary）toyourowncharactermodel,aswellasadjustingmuscledefinitions.ThesespecialfeaturesareenabledbyUnitysAvatarsystem,wherehumanoidcharactersaremappedtoacommoninternalformat.Eachofthesepieces-theAnimationClips,theAnimatorController,andtheAvatar,arebroughttogetheronaGameObjectviatheAnimatorComponent.ThiscomponenthasareferencetoanAnimatorController,and（ifrequired）theAvatarforthismodel.TheAnimatorController,inturn,containsthereferencestotheAnimationClipsituses.Theabovediagramshowsthefollowing:

AnimationclipsareimportedfromanexternalsourceorcreatedwithinUnity.Inthisexample,theyareimportedmotioncapturedhumanoidanimations.TheanimationclipsareplacedandarrangedinanAnimatorController.ThisshowsaviewofanAnimatorControllerintheAnimatorwindow.TheStates（whichmayrepresentanimationsornestedsub-statemachines）appearasnodesconnectedbylines.ThisAnimatorControllerexistsasanassetintheProjectwindow.Theriggedcharactermodel（inthiscase,theastronaut“Astrella”）hasaspecificconfigurationofboneswhicharemappedtoUnityscommonAvatarformat.ThismappingisstoredasanAvatarassetaspartoftheimportedcharactermodel,andalsoappearsintheProjectwindowasshown.Whenanimatingthecharactermodel,ithasanAnimatorcomponentattached.IntheInspectorviewshownabove,youcanseetheAnimatorComponentwhichhasboththeAnimatorControllerandtheAvatarassigned.Theanimatorusesthesetogethertoanimatethemodel.TheAvatarreferenceisonlynecessarywhenanimatingahumanoidcharacter.Forothertypesofanimation,onlyanAnimatorControllerisrequired.Unitysanimationsystem（Knownas“Mecanim”）comeswithalotofconceptsandterminology.Ifatanypoint,youneedtofindoutwhatsomethingmeans,gotoourAnimationGlossary.LegacyanimationsystemWhileMecanimisrecommendedforuseinmostsituations,UnityhasretaineditslegacyanimationsystemwhichexistedbeforeUnity4.YoumayneedtousewhenworkingwitholdercontentcreatedbeforeUnity4.ForinformationontheLegacyanimationsystem,seethissectionUnityintendstophaseouttheLegacyanimationsystemovertimeforallcasesbymergingtheworkflowsintoMecanim.AnimationClipsAnimationClipsareoneofthecoreelementstoUnitysanimationsystem.Unitysupportsimportinganimationfromexternalsources,andofferstheabilitytocreateanimationclipsfromscratchwithintheeditorusingtheAnimationwindow.AnimationfromExternalSourcesAnimationclipsimportedfromexternalsourcescouldinclude:

HumanoidanimationscapturedatamotioncapturestudioAnimationscreatedfromscratchbyanartistinanexternal3Dapplication（suchas3DSMaxorMaya）Animationsetsfrom3rd-partylibraries（eg,fromUnitysassetstore）Multipleclipscutandslicedfromasingleimportedtimeline.AnimationCreatedandEditedWithinUnityUnitysAnimationWindowalsoallowsyoutocreateandeditanimationclips.Theseclipscananimate:

Theposition,rotationandscaleofGameObjectsComponentpropertiessuchasmaterialcolour,theintensityofalight,thevolumeofasoundPropertieswithinyourownscriptsincludingfloat,int,VectorandbooleanvariablesThetimingofcallingfunctionswithinyourownscriptsAnimationfromExternalSourcesOverviewofImportedAnimationAnimationfromexternalsourcesisimportedintoUnityinthesamewayasregular3Dfiles.Thesefiles,whethertheyregenericFBXfilesornativeformatsfrom3DsoftwaresuchasMaya,Cinema4D,3DStudioMax,cancontainanimationdataintheformofalinearrecordingofthemovementsofobjectswithinthefile.Insomesituationstheobjecttobeanimated（eg,acharacter）andtheanimationstogowithitcanbepresentinthesamefile.Inothercases,theanimationsmayexistinaseparatefiletothemodeltobeanimated.Itmaybethatanimationsarespecifictoaparticularmodel,andcannotbere-usedonothermodels.Forexample,agiantoctopusend-bossinyourgamemighthaveauniquearrangementoflimbsandbones,anditsownsetofanimations.Inothersituations,itmaybethatyouhavealibraryofanimationswhicharetobeusedonvariousdifferentmodelsinyourscene.Forexample,anumberofdifferenthumanoidcharactersmightallusethesamewalkandrunanimations.Inthesesituations,itscommontohaveasimpleplaceholdermodelinyouranimationfilesforthepurposesofpreviewingthem.Alternatively,itispossibletouseanimationfileseveniftheyhavenogeometryatall,justtheanimationdata.Whenimportingmultipleanimations,theanimationscaneachexistasseparatefileswithinyourprojectfolder,oryoucanextractmultipleanimationclipsfromasingleFBXfileifexportedastakesfromMotionbuilderorwithaplugin/scriptforMaya,Maxorother3Dpackages.Youmightwanttodothisifyourfilecontainsmultipleseparateanimationsarrangedonasingletimeline.Forexample,alongmotioncapturedtimelinemightcontaintheanimationforafewdifferentjumpmotions,andyoumaywanttocutoutcertainsectionsofthistouseasindividualclipsanddiscardtherest.Unityprovidesanimationcuttingtoolstoachievethiswhenyouimportallanimationsinonetimelinebyallowingyoutoselecttheframerangeforeachclip.ImportingAnimationFilesBeforeanyanimationcanbeusedinUnity,itmustfirstbeimportedintoyourproject.UnitycanimportnativeMaya（.mbor.ma）,3DStudioMax（.max）andCinema4D（.c4d）files,andalsogenericFBXfileswhichcanbeexportedfrommostanimationpackages（seethispageforfurtherdetailsonexporting）.Toimportananimation,simplydragthefiletotheAssetsfolderofyourproject.WhenyouselectthefileintheProjectViewyoucanedittheImportSettingsintheinspector.WorkingwithhumanoidanimationsTheMecanimAnimationSystemisparticularlywellsuitedforworkingwithanimationsforhumanoidskeletons.Sincehumanoidskeletonsareusedextensivelyingames,Unityprovidesaspecializedworkflow,andanextendedtoolsetforhumanoidanimations.Becauseofthesimilarityinbonestructure,itispossibletomapanimationsfromonehumanoidskeletontoanother,allowingretargetingandinversekinematics.Withrareexceptions,humanoidmodelscanbeexpectedtohavethesamebasicstructure,representingthemajorarticulatepartsofthebody,headandlimbs.TheMecanimsystemmakesgooduseofthisideatosimplifytheriggingandcontrolofanimations.AfundamentalstepincreatingaanimationistosetupamappingbetweenthesimplifiedhumanoidbonestructureunderstoodbyMecanimandtheactualbonespresentintheskeleton;inMecanimterminology,thismappingiscalledanAvatar.ThepagesinthissectionexplainhowtocreateanAvatarforyourmodel.CreatingtheAvatarAfteramodelfile（FBX,COLLADA,etc.）isimported,youcanspecifywhatkindofrigitisintheRigtaboftheModelImporteroptions.HumanoidanimationsForaHumanoidrig,selectHumanoidandclickApply.MecanimwillattempttomatchupyourexistingbonestructuretotheAvatarbonestructure.Inmanycases,itcandothisautomaticallybyanalysingtheconnectionsbetweenbonesintherig.Ifthematchhassucceeded,youwillseeacheckmarknexttotheCo