iso 14001中英文.docx

iso 14001中英文.docx

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iso14001中英文

Environmentalmanagementsystems—Requirementswithguidanceforuse

ISO14001:

2015（E）

Thirdedition

2015-09-15

Introduction.............................

1Scope...............................................

2Normativereferences..................................

3Termsanddefinitions.................................

3.1Termsrelatedtoorganizationandleadership..

3.2Termsrelatedtoplanning............

3.3Termsrelatedtosupportandoperation.....................

3.4Termsrelatedtoperformanceevaluationandimprovement

4Contextoftheorganization......

4.1Understandingtheorganizationanditscontext......

4.2Understandingtheneedsandexpectationsofinterestedparties....

4.3Determiningthescopeoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem....

4.4Environmentalmanagementsystem............

5Leadership...........

5.1Leadershipandcommitment........

5.2Environmentalpolicy.......................

5.3Organizationalroles,responsibilitiesandauthorities.

6Planning.

6.1Actionstoaddressrisksandopportunities...

6.1.1General................

6.1.2Environmentalaspects........

6.1.3Complianceobligations.........

6.1.4Planningaction................

6.2Environmentalobjectivesandplanningtoachievethem....

6.2.1Environmentalobjectives........

6.2.2Planningactionstoachieveenvironmentalobjectives...

7Support............

7.1Resources.............

7.2Competence.................

7.3Awareness...................

7.4Communication............

7.4.1General......................

7.4.2Internalcommunication..........

7.4.3Externalcommunication...........

7.5Documentedinformation................

7.5.1General.................

7.5.2Creatingandupdating..............

7.5.3Controlofdocumentedinformation......

8Operation.....

8.1Operationalplanningandcontrol...........

8.2Emergencypreparednessandresponse.....

9Performanceevaluation.............

9.1Monitoring,measurement,analysisandevaluation........

9.1.1General.............

9.1.2Evaluationofcompliance..........

9.2Internalaudit......................

9.2.1General....................

9.2.2Internalauditprogramme..........

9.3Managementreview................

10Improvement................

10.1General...................

10.2Nonconformityandcorrectiveaction

10.3Continualimprovement..........

AnnexA（informative）GuidanceontheuseofthisInternationalStandard.

AnnexB（informative）CorrespondencebetweenISO14001:

2015andISO14001:

2004..（略）

Bibliography..................

Introduction

0.1Background

Achievingabalancebetweentheenvironment,societyandtheeconomyisconsideredessentialtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Sustainabledevelopmentasagoalisachievedbybalancingthethreepillarsofsustainability.

Societalexpectationsforsustainabledevelopment,transparencyandaccountabilityhaveevolvedwithincreasinglystringentlegislation,growingpressuresontheenvironmentfrompollution,inefficientuseofresources,improperwastemanagement,climatechange,degradationofecosystemsandlossofbiodiversity.

Thishasledorganizationstoadoptasystematicapproachtoenvironmentalmanagementbyimplementingenvironmentalmanagementsystemswiththeaimofcontributingtotheenvironmentalpillarofsustainability.

0.2Aimofanenvironmentalmanagementsystem

ThepurposeofthisInternationalStandardistoprovideorganizationswithaframeworktoprotecttheenvironmentandrespondtochangingenvironmentalconditionsinbalancewithsocio-economicneeds.Itspecifiesrequirementsthatenableanorganizationtoachievetheintendedoutcomesitsetsforitsenvironmentalmanagementsystem.

Asystematicapproachtoenvironmentalmanagementcanprovidetopmanagementwithinformationtobuildsuccessoverthelongtermandcreateoptionsforcontributingtosustainabledevelopmentby:

—protectingtheenvironmentbypreventingormitigatingadverseenvironmentalimpacts;

—mitigatingthepotentialadverseeffectofenvironmentalconditionsontheorganization;

—assistingtheorganizationinthefulfilmentofcomplianceobligations;

—enhancingenvironmentalperformance;

—controllingorinfluencingthewaytheorganization’sproductsandservicesaredesigned,manufactured,distributed,consumedanddisposedbyusingalifecycleperspectivethatcanpreventenvironmentalimpactsfrombeingunintentionallyshiftedelsewherewithinthelifecycle;

—achievingfinancialandoperationalbenefitsthatcanresultfromimplementingenvironmentallysoundalternativesthatstrengthentheorganization’smarketposition;

—communicatingenvironmentalinformationtorelevantinterestedparties.

ThisInternationalStandard,likeotherInternationalStandards,isnotintendedtoincreaseorchangeanorganization’slegalrequirements.

0.3Successfactors

Thesuccessofanenvironmentalmanagementsystemdependsoncommitmentfromalllevelsandfunctionsoftheorganization,ledbytopmanagement.Organizationscanleverageopportunitiestopreventormitigateadverseenvironmentalimpactsandenhancebeneficialenvironmentalimpacts,particularlythosewithstrategicandcompetitiveimplications.Topmanagementcaneffectivelyaddressitsrisksandopportunitiesbyintegratingenvironmentalmanagementintotheorganization’sbusinessprocesses,strategicdirectionanddecisionmaking,aligningthemwithotherbusinesspriorities,andincorporatingenvironmentalgovernanceintoitsoverallmanagementsystem.DemonstrationofsuccessfulimplementationofthisInternationalStandardcanbeusedtoassureinterestedpartiesthataneffectiveenvironmentalmanagementsystemisinplace.

AdoptionofthisInternationalStandard,however,willnotinitselfguaranteeoptimalenvironmentaloutcomes.ApplicationofthisInternationalStandardcandifferfromoneorganizationtoanotherduetothecontextoftheorganization.Twoorganizationscancarryoutsimilaractivitiesbutcanhavedifferentcomplianceobligations,commitmentsintheirenvironmentalpolicy,environmentaltechnologiesandenvironmentalperformancegoals,yetbothcanconformtotherequirementsofthisInternationalStandard.

Thelevelofdetailandcomplexityoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystemwillvarydependingonthecontextoftheorganization,thescopeofitsenvironmentalmanagementsystem,itscomplianceobligations,andthenatureofitsactivities,productsandservices,includingitsenvironmentalaspectsandassociatedenvironmentalimpacts.

0.4Plan-Do-Check-Actmodel

ThebasisfortheapproachunderlyinganenvironmentalmanagementsystemisfoundedontheconceptofPlan-Do-Check-Act（PDCA）.ThePDCAmodelprovidesaniterativeprocessusedbyorganizationstoachievecontinualimprovement.Itcanbeappliedtoanenvironmentalmanagementsystemandtoeachofitsindividualelements.Itcanbebrieflydescribedasfollows.

—Plan:

establishenvironmentalobjectivesandprocessesnecessarytodeliverresultsinaccordancewiththeorganization’senvironmentalpolicy.

—Do:

implementtheprocessesasplanned.

—Check:

monitorandmeasureprocessesagainsttheenvironmentalpolicy,includingitscommitments,environmentalobjectivesandoperatingcriteria,andreporttheresults.

—Act:

takeactionstocontinuallyimprove.

Figure1showshowtheframeworkintroducedinthisInternationalStandardcouldbeintegratedintoaPDCAmodel,whichcanhelpnewandexistinguserstounderstandtheimportanceofasystemsapproach.

Figure1—RelationshipbetweenPDCAandtheframeworkinthisInternationalStandard

0.5ContentsofthisInternationalStandard

ThisInternationalStandardconformstoISO’srequirementsformanagementsystemstandards.Theserequirementsincludeahighlevelstructure,identicalcoretext,andcommontermswithcoredefinitions,designedtobenefitusersimplementingmultipleISOmanagementsystemstandards.

ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotincluderequirementsspecifictoothermanagementsystems,suchasthoseforquality,occupationalhealthandsafety,energyorfinancialmanagement.However,thisInternationalStandardenablesanorganizationtouseacommonapproachandrisk-basedthinkingtointegrateitsenvironmentalmanagementsystemwiththerequirementsofothermanagementsystems.

ThisInternationalStandardcontainstherequirementsusedtoassessconformity.AnorganizationthatwishestodemonstrateconformitywiththisInternationalStandardcandosoby:

—makingaself-determinationandself-declaration,or

—seekingconfirmationofitsconformancebypartieshavinganinterestintheorganization,suchascustomers,or

—seekingconfirmationofitsself-declarationbyapartyexternaltotheorganization,or

—seekingcertification/registrationofitsenvironmentalmanagementsystembyanexternalorganization.

AnnexAprovidesexplanatoryinformationtopreventmisinterpretationoftherequirementsofthisInternationalStandard.AnnexBshowsbroadtechnicalcorrespondencebetweenthepreviouseditionofthisInternationalStandardandthisedition.ImplementationguidanceonenvironmentalmanagementsystemsisincludedinISO14004.

InthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingverbalformsareused:

—“shall”indicatesarequirement;

—“should”indicatesarecommendation;

—“may”indicatesapermission;

—“can”indicatesapossibilityoracapability.

Informationmarkedas“NOTE”isintendedtoassisttheunderstandingoruseofthedocument.“Notestoentry”usedinClause3provideadditionalinformationthatsupplementstheterminologicaldataandcancontainprovisionsrelatingtotheuseofaterm.

ThetermsanddefinitionsinClause3arearrangedi