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课时6

新闻报道

(2014·四川·阅读C) 体裁:

记叙文 词数:

293

Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.

Izzy,nine,restartedherfatherColm’sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.

Izzy’smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.

However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren’tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather’schestinstead.

Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.

Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn’tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”

“She’salittlestar,”saidDebbie.“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan’tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe’vegottoseeanexpert.”

TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.

Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.

39.Izzykickedherfatherinthechest.

A.toexpressherhelplessness

B.topractiseCPRonhim

C.tokeephimawake

D.torestarthisheart

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。

根据首段中的“...whichstoppedhisheart.”以及第二段中的“...restartedherfatherColm’sheart...”可知D项符合题意。

40.What’stherightorderoftheevents?

①IzzykickedColm.

②Debbiecalled999.

③IzzylearnedCPR.

④Colm’sheartstopped.

A.③①②④B.④②③①

C.③④②①D.④③①②

答案 C

解析 事件排序题。

根据第二段中的“...stoppedbreathing.”及第三段中的“...called999...sodecidedtouseCPR.”可知这三个动作的顺序;而Izzy能实施急救是因为父亲因过敏犯病前她就学过急救技巧,故“IzzylearnedCPR.”最先发生。

41.WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?

A.WhatColmsuffered.

B.Colm’spresentcondition.

C.WhatcausedColm’sallergy.

D.SymptomsofColm’sallergicreaction.

答案 A

解析 段落大意题。

本段首句提及“...sufferedamysteryallergicreaction...”,第二句提及thesecondattack,可见本段主要是说Colm的遭遇,故A项符合题意。

42.Whydoestheauthorwritethenews?

A.Todescribeaseriousaccident.

B.ToprovetheimportanceofCPR.

C.Toreporta9yearoldgirl’sbraveact.

D.Tocallpeople’sattentiontoallergicreaction.

答案 C

解析 主旨大意题。

本文是新闻报道,而新闻报道的首段往往点明主旨意图。

首段提到小女孩救了父亲,末段说她父亲已经痊愈,再根据第六段首句中的“...whohasbeengivenabraveryaward...”可知,C项正确。

信息句和长难句分析:

1.(39题信息句)Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.

分析:

本句为主从复合句。

句中Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechest为主句;after引导时间状语从句;whichstoppedhisheart为定语从句,修饰先行词reaction。

2.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.

分析:

本句中so...that...引导的是结果状语从句。

preventinghimfrombreathing是现在分词短语作状语。

细节理解题

(四)排列顺序题

做此类题目可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,这样可以迅速缩小选择范围,从而迅速找到答案。

这类试题如果是记叙文,排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索;如果是说明文,排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索;如果是议论文,排序题通常以逻

辑顺序为线索。

从近几年高考试题来看,这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。

如上文中的第40题就属于此类题目。

即时训练

 

TheLampbrellaisastandardlookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuiltinelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(传感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.(2013·山东,C)

68.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?

A.motor→canopy→sensors

B.sensors→motor→canopy

C.motor→sensors→canopy

D.canopy→motor→sensors

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。

根据原文第三段可知伞篷的打开或关闭是先由传感器来接收,然后通过motor来进行操控,因此三者的排序关系是sensors→motor→canopy。

故答案为B选项。

如何布局

一篇好的书面表达除了语法正确,表达符合习惯、内容要点齐全,还要注意文章的布局,即结构的条理性。

学生可以从以下几个方面着手:

一是文章前后要照应,即文章前后语气要一致,前后内容应能自圆其说;

二是要正确使用过渡词,合适的过渡性词语能承上启下,使句子间的逻辑关系更清楚,从而使整段文字衔接自然、流畅;

三是注意段落展开,巧妙设计开头句,努力写好主题句,概括深化结尾句。

使文章生动活泼地开头,循序渐进地展开,自然而然地结尾。

如何巧妙布局:

1.巧妙设计开头句

写作中,不落俗套的开头,不仅能够起到提纲挈领、统领全篇的作用,而且能使文章从林林总总、近乎千篇一律的表达中“脱颖而出”,取得先声夺人、出奇制胜的效果。

以2013年安徽卷写作为例,以“OntheWaytoSchool”为题,以“遵守交通法规,注意举止文明”的开头语进行比较:

一般表达:

Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringcauseseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.(简单平铺)

高级表达:

Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.

(运用双重否定notuncommon表肯定以及分词结构causing...作状语来开头,揭示本文主题,是上好的表达,吸引眼球。

2.写文章主题句的常用方法:

(1)概括一定内容,不空泛

要点:

学校图书馆需要购置一批新书,现向学生征求意见。

(2014·浙江写作)

Knowingthatourlibraryisgoingtobuybooks,I’dliketogivesomesuggestions.(运用现在分词作状语)

要点:

未能及时回复电子邮件。

(2013·山东写作)

I’msorryIcouldn’treplytoyouremailwhichyousentmeaweekagoimmediately.(运用非限制性定语从句)

(2)重述或回答题目要求

要点:

如何理解“成功”。

(2014·福建写作)

Successconsistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.(回答题目要求)

要点:

你为什么喜欢读书。

(2012·江西写作)

Readingismyfavoritehobby.(直接回答)

(3)明确表达自己的观点

要点:

支持汉语词典收录英语词汇。

(2014·江苏写作)

Generally,Iaminfavouroftheinclusion.(明确观点)

(4)叙述个人经历

要点:

Smallthingsmakeabigdifference.(2014·湖北写作)

IcanwellrememberanincidentthathappenedonarainySundayafternoon.

3.常用结论句

(1)Inthisway,...如此,……

Inthisway,ourworldwillbegreenerandcleaner.(2014·湖南写作)

(2)Therefore,...所以,……

Therefore,alwaysrememberwherethere’sawill,there’saway.(2014·山东写作)

(3)Inaword,...=Inshort,...=Inconclusion,...=Tosumup,...总而言之,……

Inaword,mylifewillbemuchricherandmorecolorful.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ写作)

(4)Only...canwe...只有……我们才能……

Onlyinthiswaycantheygrowuptobeindependentandbecometrulysuccessful.(2013·福建写作)

(5)Ihope...我希望……(表达希望)

Ihopeyou’llsoonfeelcalmerandcarryonasnormal.(2014·安徽写作)

限时规范训练(六)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Eachnewschoolyearbringsfreshremindersofwhateducatorscallthesummerlearninggap.Somecallitthesummerlearningsetback.Simplyspeaking,itmeansthelongerkidsareoutofschool,themoretheyforget.Theonlythingtheymightgainisweight.

MostAmericanschoolsfollowatraditionalninemonthcalendar.Studentsgetwinterandspringbreaksandabouttenweeksofsummervacation.Someschoolsfollowayearroundcalendar.Theyholdclassesforabouteightweeksatatime,withafewweeksoffinbetween.TheNationalAssociationforYearRoundEducationsaystherewerefewerthanthreethousandsuchschoolsatlastcount.Theywerespreadamongfortysixofthefiftystates.

Butmanyexpertspointoutthatthenumberofclassdaysinayearroundschoolisgenerallythesameasinatraditionalschool.LeadresearcherPaulvonHippelsaid,“Yearroundschoolsdon’treallysolvetheproblemofthesummerlearningsetback.Theysimplyspreaditoutacrosstheyear.”

Acrossthecountry,researchshowsthatstudentsfrompoorfamiliesfallfartherbehindoverthesummerthanotherstudents.Expertssaythiscanbeprevented.Theynotethatmanyschoolsandlocalgovernmentsofferprogramsthatcanhelp.

Butcallingthem“summerschool”couldbeaproblem.ThedirectorofthesummerlearningcenteratJohnsHopkins,RonFairchild,saidresearchwithgroupsofdifferentparentsinChicagoandBaltimorefoundthatalmostallstronglydislikedtheterm“summerschool”.InAmericanculture,theideaofsummervacationisconnectedtobeliefsaboutfreedomandthejoysofchildhood.Theparentswelcomedothertermslike“summercamp”,“enrichment”,“extratime”and“handsonlearning”.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthesummerlearninggap.

A.helpschildrentogainweight

B.leadschildrentoworkharder

C.improveschildren’smemories

D.affectschildren’sregularstudies

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句“Simplyspeaking,itmeansthelongerkidsareoutofschool,themoretheyforget.”知暑假影响了学生的正常学习,故选D。

2.Comparedtotraditionalschools,studentsintheyearroundones.

A.performbetterandhavemorelearninggains

B.havemuchlesstimeforrelaxationeveryyear

C.havegenerallythesamenumberofclassdays

D.holdmoreclasseswithmorefreeweeksoff

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。

根据第三段首句“Butmanyexpertspointoutthatthenumberofclassdaysinayearroundschoolisgenerallythesameasinatraditionalschool.”可知,全年的学校与一般的学校都有相同天数的授课时间,故选C。

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Studentsfrompoorfamiliesoftenfallbehindafterthevacation.

B.Yearroundschoolscansolvetheproblemofthelearninggap.

C.Thereareschoolsineachstatefollowingayearroundcalendar.

D.Nothingcanhelpthestudentswhofallbehindafterthevacation.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。

根据第四段首句“Acrossthecountry,researchshowsthatstudentsfrompoorfamiliesfallfartherbehindoverthesummerthanotherstudents.”可知,来自贫困家庭的学生通常在假期过后学习要落后其他学生,故选A。

4.Whydidalmostallparentsdisliketheterm“summerschool”?

A.Theycherishedthechildren’srightsoffreedomverymuch.

B.Theywereworriedaboutthequalityofthe“summerschool”.

C.Theywantedtheirchildrentobeforcedtomakeupthegap.

D.Theycouldn’taffordthefurtherstudyduringvacation.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。

根据第五段中的“...researchwithgroupsofdifferentparentsinChicagoandBaltimorefoundthatalmostallstronglydislikedtheterm‘summerschool’.InAmericanculture,theideaofsummervacationisconnectedtobeliefsaboutfreedomandthejoysofchildhood.”可知,父母认为这样剥夺孩子的自由的权利,故选A。

Ⅱ.完形填空

In1883,acreativeengineer,JohnRoebling,wasinspiredtobuildasplendidbridgeconnectingNewYorkwithLongIsland.However,expertsthroughouttheworldthoughtthatthiswas1.Evenso,Roeblingcouldnot2theideainhismind.Aftermuchdiscussion,he3convincehissonWashington,anupandcomingengineer,thatthebridgeinfactcouldbebuilt

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