《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt.ppt

《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt.ppt

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Non-finiteVerbs,Infinitive;gerund;participle,Infinitive（不定式）,1.不定式的式和态（以动词do为例）,相关例句:

1）Mr.Brownissupposedto_forItalylastweek.A.haveleftB.beleavingC.leaveD.havebeenleft2）Mr.Johnsonpreferred_heavierwordtodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven注：

一般式：

不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生完成式：

不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式：

不定式动作在谓语动作之前，并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生,2.不定式的句法功能,3.几点补充,1）不定式to的省略A.不定式作表语，若谓语有实词do，则不定式不带toAllIwantedtodowassolveitassoonaspossible.B.介词but,except，save后可接不定式作宾语，若谓语是do则省略to，反之则不省Hehasnoalternativebuttogowithher.LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.,C.在hadbetter;wouldrather（sooner）than;wouldratherthan;cannotbut;canthelpbut;mayaswell等习惯用法中，省略toMarycanthelpbutrushintotheheavyrain.Hewouldratherstayathomethangotowork.D.作使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,listento,feel,hear等的宾语补足语HemadeHelenteachusEnglish.注：

此类句子的被动形式，to不可省略HelenwasmadetoteachusEnglish.,E.口语中，why开头的简单问句中，用不带to的不定式Whynotgoatonce？

2）不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出Itsanhonorformetotakepartinthework.ItsveryniceofyoutoseemewhenIwasill.3）注意区分介词to和不定式to如：

beused（accustomed）to;beopposedto;objectto;lookforwardto;stickto;preferto;等词组中to均为介词,Participle（分词）,分词的式和态（以do为例）注：

beingdone表被动语态的进行式,2.分词的句法功能,3.分词作状语的补充说明,1）分词可作伴随、时间、原因，条件等状语（前可有连词）伴随:

Theystoodtherewatchingthemovie.Prof.Johnsoniscoming,followedbyhisassistant.时间:

（When）Comingdownthemountain,Imetanoldfriend.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedbeautiful.原因:

Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofeducation.Gettinguptoolate,hemissedtheschoolbus.条件:

Givenenoughsunlight,theflowerscouldhavegrownparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.,2）独立结构：

（作状语）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和谓语动词的主语保持一致。

否则，分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其主语。

这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构。

有时独立结构前还可用with。

Theboyreturned,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Hisworkfinished,hepackedthetoolsandleft.Withtheissuesettled,theywenthome.Thehouseisverybeautifulwithsomanyflowerssurroundingit.,注：

with独立结构还可以是:

with+名词/代词+不定式/介词短语/形容词或副词Withsomuchworktodo,Icantgowithyou.WithnothinginterestingonTV,wecanplaythebridgetonight.4.分词做宾补的补充说明:

1）感官动词的宾补既可是分词，也可是不带to不定式Iheardhimtalkingtohissister.（表正在进行）Iheardhimtellthestorytohissister.（表动作全过程）,2）have/get+宾语+过去分词，分词动作并非主语所为YoudbetterhaveyourlungX-rayed.Iamgoingtogetmyradiorepaired.,Gerund（动名词）,动名词的基本形式（以动词do为例）,2.动名词的句法功能,3.动名词的补充说明1）逻辑主语：

可以是物主代词、名词所有格或普通格、人称代词宾格等Maryinsistedonhergoingtocollege.TheoldmandoesntlikeGeorgelosinghistemper.Theoldmandoesntlikelosinghistemper.2）在need,want,require,demand,beworth之后，表被动Thewindowneedscleaning.Thebookisworthreading.,3）接动名词不接不定式的常见动词：

admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,canthelp/resist/stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,mind,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitatefancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk,suggest,4）有些动词接续关系是：

动词+宾语+into+doing如：

trick,mislead,shame,talk,trap,beguile,blackmail,coerce,deceive,foolIshamedhimintoreturningthestolenmoney.Dontlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintotrustinghim.Shebeguiledmeintolendinghermoney.,其它接续关系：

动词+宾语+from+doing这类动词有：

stop,prevent,keep,hinder,restrain,save等，基本含义是“使不”:

Nothingcouldstopmefromachievingmyambition.Hecouldhardlyrestrainhimselffromshoutingaloud.又有：

thank/blamesb.fordoing;congratulatesb.ondoing;accusesb.ofdoing,etc.,ThankYou!