stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx

stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文

Unit8ArchitecturePartIWarmingupA.Tapescript:

Forhundredsofyears,ithasbeenanimperialcapitalofEurope.ItsrulersraidedtheWesternworldtoenrichthecoffersoftheempire.Theyspenttheirwealthonmagnificentpalacesandgrandpublicbuildings.TheybuiltanoperahousethatrivalsanyinEurope.Theyfoundedgreatmuseumsandlibraries.Theyconstructedmassive,ornategovernmentbuildings.Andtheyraisedopulentpalacesforthemselves.AtourofViennaisatourofthesemonumentstoexcess.TakeSchonbrunnPalace,forinstance.ThePalace'sMillionRoom,namedafterthecostofthedecorations--1millionguilders,isaRococomasterpiece.Insetinthepanelingare260rareminiaturesofIndo-Persianheritage.Theframesarerealgoldleaf,andthepanelingispreciouswood.TheGreatGallery,modeledafteraroominVersaillesnearParis,has35-footceilingsgracedwithgiantfrescoes（壁画）boastingofthepoweroftheAustrianarmy.Massivecrystalchandeliersreflectinthewallofmirrors,trimmedingoldleaf.ThelistofothersightstoseeinViennaislong.St.Stephen'sCathedraldominatestheskylineofOldTown,themedievalsectionofthecity.Itsmainspiresoars450feetintothesky,andthetopcanbereachedbyclimbing343steps.Thecathedral'wasbeguninthe12thcentury.Inthecatacombs（陵墓）beneaththecathedralarecopperurns（骨灰坛）containingtheintestinesofdeceasedHabsburgs.Theirbodiesareinornatecaskets（棺材）intheImperialBurialVaultsintheKapuzinerChurchafewblocksaway,andcanbevisited.TheOldTownisafascinatingplacetowalk.Mostofthenarrowstreetshavebeenturnedintopedestrianmallslinedwithshops,coffeehousesandrestaurants.Inonesection,theoriginalRomanruinsunderthestreetscanbeseenbygoingtoanundergroundmuseum.TheNaturalHistoryMuseumandtheMuseumofFineArtsoccupymatchingbuildingsonMariaTheresaPlaza,asmallsquareacrossfromtheHofburg.HofburgistheHabsburg’sin-townpalace.Itisbig,with2,600rooms,butnotornate.Hofburgisajumbleofbuildingsconstructedatdifferenttimesandindifferentstyles,fromBaroque,GothicandClassicaltoRenaissanceandRococo.Itsoldestpartsdatefromthe13thcentury,butmostwerebuiltfromthe1700son.

B1.ThePalaisduLouvre:

Location:

heartofParisBeginningyearofconstruction:

1527Timewhenfirstusedasapublicartgallery:

1793TheLouvrePyramid:

Designer:

IeohMingPeiUse:

themainentrancetothePalaisduLouvreHeight:

21mWidth:

33mMaterials:

steeltubes,cables,sheetglassYearofcompletion:

1988

Tapescript:

ThePalaisduLouvrestandsattheheartofParis,andhousesoneoftheworld'sgreatestcollectionsofworksofart.Theoriginalpalacedatesfrom1527,anditwasextendedandaddedtooverthenextfourcenturies.Itwasfirstusedasapublicartgalleryin1793.In1981,theChinese-AmericanarchitectIeohMingPeiwascommissionedtoredevelopthepublicpartoftheLouvreandcreatemorespaceforreceptionareasandservices.HedesignedthefamousGlassPyramid,whichservesasthemainentrancetothebuilding,leadingundergroundtothemuseumandartgallery.ThePyramidis21metershighand33meterswide,andusesacombinationofsteeltubes,cablesandsheetglass.Itwascompletedin1988,andquicklybecameamajortouristattractioninitsownright.

B21.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidbecauseofthetransparency,andithasalighteffect.2.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidforitscontrastofshapes.ItemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.3.ShethinkstherightthingistoputsomethingsocontradictorytotheLouvre.Theystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'ttrytocomplementeachother.4.ShethinksitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre.

Tapescript:

IliketheLouvrePyramidbecauseofitstransparency,becauseyoucanjustlookthroughit,andithasaverylighteffect.Itisnotheavyanditismadeofglass,andsoitlookslikealightobject.AndIlikeitforitscontrastofshapes,becauseitissuchacontrasttotheLouvrebuildingthatinfactitdoesn'tinterferewiththebeautyoftheLouvre,butiteven,itemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.Andintheeveningwhenthispyramidislighted,it'sjustasourceoflighttoputtheLouvreintoanewlight.Andthishasformealsoasymbolicmeaning.Anditissuchanunexpectedshapeinthisurbancontext,justtouseatraditionalshapeofapyramidbuiltinnewmaterialswithnewtechnologies,high-tech,andsoon,thatitisacompletelysurprisingeffect.Sothatpeoplegetshockedbyitortheylikeit,butthereisnobodywhowouldbeuninvolvedorwhocouldjustpassandnotnoticethisbuilding.Soit'ssomethingyouhavetolookat.AndIthinkthisisalsoveryimportantinbuilding,andcreatingsomethinginthecities,andexactlyforexampleclosetothesehistoricalbuildingswhicharesucha...theyaresosensitivetopicsthatnobodydarestotouchthem.Ithinktherightthingisreallytoputsomethingsocontradictorytoitthattheystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'teventrytocomplementeachother.BecauseitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre,toputabuildingwhichwouldcopytheLouvre,becauseitwouldjustmeanthatwedon'tliveincontinuity,thearchitecturedoesn'tcontinueitshistory,butitwouldmeanthatarchitecturestandsstillonthelevelofthe17thcentury,andthatwouldbealie.

Ecology生态学ecologicalsystem生态系统

Consultant顾问

Model模式

Minimize减小，减少

PartIIeco-consciousconstruction

A

Theworld’sfirsteco-city/

offthecoast

Agriculturalland/

halfamillion/

$billion/

asustainabilityconsultant

Sustainabledevelopment

Amoreecologicallyfriendlymodel/

minimizeimpactonnature/

solarandwindpower/

powerandfertilizers/

electriccars

B1.1.adream-housewhichissustainablebytheenvironment-----anenvironmentally-sustainabledream-house2.windowsthatfacesouth--south-facingwindows3.akitchenthatiswelllit--awell-litkitchen4.paintthatisbasedonmilkorusesmilkasabase----milk-basedpaint5.solutionswhicharebeneficialtotheenvironment--environmentally-beneficialsolutionsTapescript.1.ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentally-sustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.2.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.3.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.4.Inallfacetsofconstruction,Loganisemphasizingbothbiodegradablebuildingproductsandnontoxicmaterials.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample.5.Inmanycases,manyenvironmentally-beneficialsolutionspayforthemselvesinaslittleas6or7or8months.

Tapescript.1.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.2.Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated.3.Alltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday.4.Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.5.Theso-calledsuper-insulationisrequiredtostorethesolarheat.6.Loganisalsousingthermalmass,ordirt,tokeepthehousebothwarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.7.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample,andrelativelylittleofthat.8.Thisroomandtheinsideofthisroom--virtuallyallthefinishesdidnotneedtobepainted.9.Paintingisafairlyun-environmentalactinthatitissomethingthatinvolveschemistry.10.Initially,Loganwillgetallhiswaterfromawell.11.Theroofhasguttersandwilleventuallycollectrainwaterforgeneraluse.

B3.Mainfeatures:

south-facingwindows:

day-lighting,solarheatnofurnacenoair-conditioningsolarheater:

hotwaterthree-footoutsidewalls:

adobe+insulation+adobethermalmassmilk-basedpaintceiling:

galvanizedinsidewall:

plasternocarpetnotconnectedtoawatersystem:

well,rainwaterTapescript:

A--AlanJ--JonesL--LoganA:

Manyenvironmentalistsandenergyexpertssaythatthewaveofthefuturewon'tbeanyonemiraclecure,butratheroverallconservationofavailableresources.Theapproachisbeingspearheadedbyaquietrevolutionintheeco-consciousconstructionbusiness.ColoradoPublicRadio'sPeterJonesrecentlyvisitedabuildingsitenearBoulderandbringsusthisreport.J:

ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentallysustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.L:

Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated,soalltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday,andalsohavesouth-facingglassthatprovidessolarheat.J:

Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.Forhotwater,he'llteeanactivesolarheater.Butefficientuseofthesunisonlyoneofthebuilding'smanyeco-consciousfeatures.L:

Theoutsidewalls--ifyouincludeafootofadobe,afootofinsulation,andanotherfootofadobe-arethreefeetthick.J:

Th