stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx

1、stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upA.Tapescript:For hundreds of years, it has been an imperial capital of Europe. Its rulers raided the Western world to enrich the coffers of the empire. They spent their wealth on magnificent palaces and grand public buildings. They built

2、 an opera house that rivals any in Europe. They founded great museums and libraries. They constructed massive, ornate government buildings. And they raised opulent palaces for themselves. A tour of Vienna is a tour of these monuments to excess.Take Schonbrunn Palace, for instance. The Palaces Millio

3、n Room, named after the cost of the decorations - 1 million guilders, is a Rococo masterpiece. Inset in the paneling are 260 rare miniatures of Indo-Persian heritage. The frames are real gold leaf, and the paneling is precious wood. The Great Gallery, modeled after a room in Versailles near Paris, h

4、as 35-foot ceilings graced with giant frescoes（壁画） boasting of the power of the Austrian army. Massive crystal chandeliers reflect in the wall of mirrors, trimmed in gold leaf. The list of other sights to see in Vienna is long. St. Stephens Cathedral dominates the skyline of Old Town, the medieval s

5、ection of the city. Its main spire soars 450 feet into the sky, and the top can be reached by climbing 343 steps. The cathedral was begun in the 12th century. In the catacombs（陵墓） beneath the cathedral are copper urns（骨灰坛） containing the intestines of deceased Habsburgs. Their bodies are in ornate c

6、askets（棺材） in the Imperial Burial Vaults in the Kapuziner Church a few blocks away, and can be visited. The Old Town is a fascinating place to walk. Most of the narrow streets have been turned into pedestrian malls lined with shops, coffeehouses and restaurants. In one section, the original Roman ru

7、ins under the streets can be seen by going to an underground museum. The Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts occupy matching buildings on Maria Theresa Plaza, a small square across from the Hofburg. Hofburg is the Habsburgs in-town palace. It is big, with 2,600 rooms, but not ornate.

8、Hofburg is a jumble of buildings constructed at different times and in different styles, from Baroque, Gothic and Classical to Renaissance and Rococo. Its oldest parts date from the 13th century, but most were built from the 1700s on.B1.The Palais du Louvre: Location: heart of Paris Beginning year o

9、f construction: 1527 Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid: Designer: Ieoh Ming Pei Use: the main entrance to the Palais du Louvre Height: 21m Width: 33m Materials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glass Year of completion: 1988Tapescript: The Palais du Louvre stands at the

10、heart of Paris, and houses one of the worlds greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, the Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissi

11、oned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and us

12、es a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It was completed in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It em

13、phasizes the beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they dont try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.T

14、apescript: I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you can just look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre

15、building that in fact it doesnt interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, its just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an

16、 unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who co

17、uld just pass and not notice this building. So its something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historical buildings which are such a. they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to

18、 touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they dont even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which

19、would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we dont live in continuity, the architecture doesnt continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17th century, and that would be a lie. Ecology 生态学 ecological system 生态系统 Consultant 顾问 Model 模式 Minim

20、ize 减小，减少 Part II eco-conscious construction A The worlds first eco-city / off the coast Agricultural land / half a million / $ billion / a sustainability consultant Sustainable development A more ecologically friendly model / minimize impact on nature / solar and wind power / power and fertilizers

21、/ electric cars B1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment - an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south - south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit - a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base - milk-based paint5. soluti

22、ons which are beneficial to the environment - environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, youre immediately str

23、uck by a series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and youll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. Hes using milk-

24、based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless o

25、f where its located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that theres ample light coming in high into the room so that we dont need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logans house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-i

26、nsulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. Hes using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room - virtually all the finishes

27、 did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features: south-facing windows: day

28、-lighting, solar heat no furnace no air-conditioning solar heater: hot water three-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobe thermal mass milk-based paint ceiling: galvanized inside wall: plaster no carpet not connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A-Alan J-Jones L-LoganA: Many

29、environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future wont be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radios Peter Jones recently v

30、isited a building site near Boulder and brings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto th

31、e small farm property, youre immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and youll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where its locate

32、d, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that theres ample light coming in high into the room so that we dont need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logans house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, hell tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the buildings many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls - if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: Th