高三英语二轮专题复习第31节 文学与艺术一.docx

高三英语二轮专题复习第31节 文学与艺术一.docx

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高三英语二轮专题复习第31节文学与艺术一

第31节　文学与艺术

（一）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Doyoulistentothesongsthatyourparentslike?

Chancesarethatyoudon’t.Youprobablythinkthemusicthattheylikeisoldanddullandthatthesongsonyourplaylistaremuchcooler.

Buthereiswhatscientistsfoundrecently：

people’smusictasteschangeastheyage，accordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Soit’slikelythatyourownmusicalpreferencewillfollowasimilarpathtoyourparents’，whetheryoulikeitornot.

Weusedtothinkthatcultureandpersonalityaretheonlyfactorsthataffectone’smusicchoice.ButresearchersattheUniversityofCambridge，UK，gathereddatafrommorethan250,000peopleoverthepast10years.Theynoticedthataspeopleage，theirsocialcircumstanceschange，andsodoestheirmusictastes.

Therearethreemusicalperiodsthatpeoplepassthroughastheymature—“intense”，“contemporary”and“sophisticated”．

Thefirstperiodcomesintheteenageyears，duringwhichtimepeoplelikeintensemusicsuchaspunkandrockbecauseteenagerstendtobeaggressiveandwanttoestablishtheiridentityasindependentindividuals.

Butaspeoplemoveintoearlyadulthood，theirlifestylechanges—theysocializemoreandwanttobuildcloserelationshipswithothers.Asaresult，theybecomemorefondofcontemporarymusic，suchaspopandR&B，whichisusuallyupliftinganddanceableandplayedatpartieswherepeoplehangouttogetherandchat.

Whenmiddleagecomes，thingshavesettleddownformostpeople.Thisperiodwillbedominated（支配）bymore“sophisticated”music，suchasjazzandclassical，aswellasmorecatchymusiclikecountry，folk，andblues.

“Formany，thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily，andthereisarequirementforrelaxing，emotive（有感染力的）music，”JasonRentfrow，aresearchermember，toldThetelegraph.

Butyoumustbethinking：

“Aren’tthereoldpeoplewhoarestillintorockmusic？

”Ofcoursethereare.ButRentfrowexplainedthattheirreasonsforlisteningtorockmusicmayhavechanged.“Weusemusicfordifferentreasons，”hesaid，andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.

语篇解读　本文主要讲述了“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？

”研究发现音乐品味随着年龄的增长而变化。

1．Whydochildrenusuallylikedifferentsongsfromtheirparentsaccordingtothepassage?

A．Childrenprefercoolmusic.

B．Musictastechangeswithage.

C．Parents’songsarealwaysdull.

D．Parentshavebettersocialcircumstances.

[答案]　B

[解析]　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化，所以孩子与父母喜欢的音乐不同。

可知[答案]为B。

2．Theunderlinedword“catchy”inParagraph7probablymeans“”．

A．touchingandeasilyremembered

B．awkwardandeasilycaptured

C．elegantbutdifficulttounderstand

D．flexibleanddifficulttocatch

[答案]　A

[解析]　词义猜测题。

由该画线词后列举的例子，如乡村音乐、民谣音乐和蓝调音乐，以及倒数第二段中的“Formany，thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily，andthereisarequirementforrelaxing，emotive（动情的）music”可知，画线词的意思是“吸引人的，容易记住的”，故[答案]为A。

3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．Oldpeopledon’tlikerockmusic.

B．Musiccanserveasareminder.

C．Rockmusicmakesoldpeopleyounger.

D．Listeningtorockmusicneedsreasons.

[答案]　B

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“‘Weusemusicfordifferentreasons，’hesaid，andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.”可知，音乐可以作为一个引起人回忆的事物。

故[答案]为B。

4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Whydopeoplelikemusic?

B．Howcanyouimproveyourmusictalent?

C．Whatinfluencespeople’smusictaste?

D．Whydodifferentpeoplelikedifferentmusic?

[答案]　C

[解析]　主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段及第二段首句可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化。

所以本文讲述的是“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？

”故选C。

B

（2018·北京朝阳区一模）

ComedyandPsychology

EarlierthisyearIdidaparttimecomedycourse.TheclasswastaughtbyRyan，aprofessionalcomedian.Ihadperformedashow，whichwasn’toriginallymeanttobeacomedy.However，theaudiencelaughedatmyfirstjoke，thencontinuedtolaughthroughouttheroutinesthatweremeanttobeserious.SoitwastheaudiencewhotoldmeIwasfunny，butIdidn’tunderstandwhyorhowtocontrolthecomic（滑稽的）moments.So，Ijoinedthecoursetolearn.

“Turnoffyoureditorthatmakesyousaytherightthingandrememberhowtobeachild，”explainedRyan.“Don’ttrytobeclever.Don’ttrytoohardtobefunny...andknowingallaboutthetheoryofhumorisunlikelytohelpyoumuch.Justbehaveinasillyway.That’swhatpeoplewanttoseeonstage.”Ryanwouldhelpusloosenupbysayingthingslike，“Wanderaroundtalkingtoothers，butmakesurethatyou’retheloweststatuspersonhere.”

I’dsaythatunderstandingthepsychologyofhumorhasactuallyhelped.RecentlyIcameacrossthebookInsideJokes：

UsingHumortoReverseEngineertheMind.Itsmainideaisthatanyselfdirectedintelligentsystemwillneedtocorrectitsownfault.There’sariskthattheoccasionalerrorwillbemade.Ifthiswasboringorburdensome，we’dbelesswillingtodoit.However，evolutionhasmadetheprocessfun.

Here’sajokeinthebook：

Twofishareinatank.Onesaystotheother，“Doyouknowhowtodrivethisthing？

”Itworksontheprinciplethatwehavestartedtoimagineonething—thatthetankisthetypicalcontainerpeoplekeepfishin—and，justintime，thefollowingwordstellusthatourfirstassumptionwaswrong—it’saheavyvehicle.Forcorrectlyfiguringouttheerror，wearerewardedwithapleasurablefeeling.Thejokeisanefficientwayofencouragingthisnaturalreaction，andcomedianshavebecomeexpertsinslightlytouchingthismentalfunnyboneinordertomakeuslaugh.

Ryanwasrightwhenhesaidthatknowingthetheoryofhumorwouldn’thelpusthatmuchasacomedy.Duringoneexerciseinthecourse，fourofusweretoldtoperformanopera.SusanandCarolinesangearnestlyoneithersideofthestage，andIbroughtHenrytothefloor，wherewewrestled（摔跤）eachotherlikeoutofcontrolteenagers.Therestofthegroupwasinuncontrollablefitsoflaughter.Asaperformer，I’llneverappreciatejustwhyitseemedsofunny.ButthepointisthatIwouldneverhavewrittenthisonthepaper.Itwasajoyous，foundmoment.

5．Whydidtheauthorattendthecomedycourse?

A．Hewantedtoseehowthetheoriesworkedinpractice.

B．Hediscoveredhehadsomenaturalabilityincomedy.

C．Heworriedabouthowotherperformerswouldfindhim.

D．Hegotunpleasantexperienceswhenperformingacomedy.

[答案]　B

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据第一段中“SoitwastheaudiencewhotoldmeIwasfunny，butIdidn’tunderstandwhyorhowtocontrolthecomic（滑稽的）moments.So，Ijoinedthecoursetolearn.”可知，作者参加了喜剧课程是因为他发现自己在喜剧方面有一定的天赋。

故选B。

6．Ryanrequiredthepeopleonthecomedycourseto.

A．copytheirfavoriteperformances

B．imagineotherpeople’sreactions

C．helpthemselvesfeelcomfortable

D．behaveinamoreplayfulmanner

[答案]　D

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据第二段中“...andknowingallaboutthetheoryofhumorisunlikelytohelpyoumuch.Justbehaveinasillyway.That’swhatpeoplewanttoseeonstage.”可知，赖安要求喜剧课上的人们以一种更有趣的方式表现。

由此可知[答案]为D。

7．WhatisthepurposeofthejokementionedinParagraph4?

A．Todiscusswhathumorbringsaboutexactly.

B．Togiveanexampleofanotherkindofhumor.

C．Toprovethepointaboutthepsychologyofhumor.

D．Toshowwhysomepeoplearefunnierthanothers.

[答案]　C

[解析]　目的意图题。

根据第三段内容和第四段最后一句可知，第四段提到笑话的目的是为了证明幽默心理学的观点。

可知[答案]为C。

8．Whatviewdoestheauthorputforwardintheend?

A．Visualhumoriswhatappealstopeoplemost.

B．Whatpeoplefindfunnyisoftenunpredictable.

C．Theoriesexplaininghumortendtobemistaken.

D．Learningcomicskillsprovestobeadifficulttask.

[答案]　B

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者认为人们觉得有趣的东西往往是不可预测的。

故[答案]为B。

Ⅱ.完形填空

（2018·安徽六校教育研究会第二次联考）

Ayoungpainterlivedinasmallhouse，livingonpaintingportraits（画像）．Oneday，arichmancameforaportrait.Theyagreedonthe9of10,000.Thedaythemancametotakethepainting，an10ideaoccurredtohim：

“It’smeinthepainting.IfIdon’tbuy，noonewill11...”Sohesaid，“I’llonlypay3,000！

”Theyoungartisthadnever12suchthings.Hestronglyargued，expectingtherichmanto13theagreement.“Iaskyouatlast，willyousellit3,000ornot？

”

Realizingthemandidit14，theartistsaidina15voice，“No!

I’dprefernottosellitratherthanbehumiliated（羞辱）．Todayyou16yourwordandsomedayyoumustpay17times.”

“Whatajoke!

AmIstupid？

”

“Well，we’dbetterwaitandsee.”

Soonthepaintermovedoutto18somewellknownteacherstoworkharder.Yearslater，hefinallymadeaname19inthecircleofart.

Therichmanhadforgottenthewholething.20oneday，somefriendscametotellhim，“Inafamousexhibition，onepaintingis21200,000andthemaninitlooks22thesameasyou.It’ssostrangethatits23is“Thief”.Heimmediatelythoughtofthe24.Ifthepaintingwerethatone，itwouldbea（n）25forhim.Hewenttofindtheyoungpainter26.

Anditwas!

Hequicklyapologizedtotheartistandpaid200,000dollarstobuyitback.Withastrong27，theyoungpaintermadetherichman28hishead.ThisyoungmanwasPabloPicasso.

语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。

一个有钱人让一位画家给他画一幅肖像，约定给艺术家10000美元，但是，有钱人后来食言了，只打算给3000美元。

艺术家对此非常生气，发誓要让有钱人付出20倍的代价。

后来，艺术家成名了，他将这幅画标价200000美元，并取名为“小偷”。

有钱人知道后，花了200000美元将这幅画买回。

艺术家终于洗刷了自己的耻辱。

9．A.awardB．reward

C．bonusD．salary

[答案]　B

[解析]　award奖赏，奖品，奖；reward报答，酬金；bonus红利，津贴；salary薪水。

有钱人请画家给他画一幅肖像，他们约定的报酬为10000美元。

B选项正确。

10．A.illB．optimistic

C．abstractD．elegant

[答案]　A

[解析]　ill坏的，不好的，生病的；optimistic乐观的；abstract抽象的；elegant优雅的。

由下文可知，有钱人想少付钱，这是一个非常坏的念头。

故A选项正确。

11．A.neitherB．either

C．norD．besides

[答案]　B

[解析]　neither也不；either也；nor也不；besides此外，另外。

有钱人想：

“画像上画的是我。

如果我不买，别人也不会买。

either置于句末，表示“也”。

故B选项正确。

该句中noone已表示否定意思，故A和C选项不正确。

12．A.stoodbyB．sentfor

C．comeacrossD．pulledthrough

[答案]　C

[解析]　standby站在……的一边；sendfor派人去请（叫）；comeacross（偶然）遇见；pullthrough（使）渡过危机（或难关）。

年轻的艺术家以前从未遇到过这样的事情。

C选项正确。

13．A.sticktoB．taketo

C．seetoD．turnto

[答案]　A

[解