以《生活大爆炸》为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制.docx

以《生活大爆炸》为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制.docx

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以《生活大爆炸》为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制

南京理工大学

毕业论文

作者:

曹育

学号：

1101510107

学院（系）:

外语系

专业:

英语

题目:

以《生活大爆炸》为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制

指导者：

陈莲洁

评阅者：

2015年1月

毕业论文中文摘要

幽默是英语中的重要组成部分，幽默反映英语文化和文化价值以及现实等，只有真正理解英语中的幽默才能更有效的掌握英语。

同时幽默的表现形式多种多样，如双关、隐喻、夸张等修辞手法。

这些年，随着中国与世界的接轨，美剧越来越受欢迎，对于英语学习者而言，英语中的幽默和修辞是一个较为困难的学习部分，尤其在从事翻译和口译工作中，如果不能正确的理解别人的幽默和修辞，可能会导致结果大相近庭。

所以理解和掌握语言中的幽默尤为重要。

本文以热门美剧《生活大爆炸》为例，分析英语中的高层次沟通技巧并对英语幽默中的翻译进行探讨。

关键词幽默修辞沟通翻译

毕业论文外文摘要

TitleAresearchforthesystemofthehumorandrhetoricinEnglish–Thebigbangtheoryasacaseinpoint

Abstract

HumorisofvitalimportancepartinEnglish,thereasonwhyweneedtrulyunderstandthehumorinEnglishisduetothefactthathumorrevealsthebritishculture,valuesandreality.Atpresenttime,thereareseveralwaystoexpresshumor,suchasPun,metaphor,hyperboleandetc.withtherapiddevelopmentofglobaleconomy,theAmericanserialsaregettingpopularamongChinese,however,itmightfrustratingsometimesforustounderstandthehumorinTVprogrammes,especiallytothosewhoHumorandrhetoricinEnglishisadifficultpartoflearning,especiallyintranslationandinterpretationwork,ifwecannothavethecorrectunderstandingofothers'humorandrhetoric,itmaycausetheembarrassingresults.asaresult,itisparamounttounderstandandmasterhumorinEnglish.thispaperwillusethepopularTVdrama"thebigbangtheory"asacaseinpointsoastoanalyzehigh-levelcommunicationskillsinEnglishanddiscussessometranslationskillsofEnglishhumor.

Keywords：

HumorRhetoricCommunicationTranslation

TableofContents

中文摘要.......................................................................................................................2

Abstract.........................................................................................................................3

Chapterone

IntroductoryRemarks

1.1Researchbackground…………………………………………………………….5

1.2Previousstudy…………………………………………………………………….5

1.3Purpose&significanceofthestudy……………………………………………….6

1.4Themethodofthisthesis………………………………………………………….6

ChapterTwo

LiteratureReview

2.1Theresearchhistoryofhumor…………………………………………………...7

2.2Thehistoryofhumortranslation…………………………………………………8

ChapterThree

Examplestoanalyzetowaytocreatehumor

3.1briefintroduction………………………………………………………………...9

Examples………………………………………………………………………10

3.3differentwaysoftranslation…………………………………………………….13

3.4Severalstrategies……………………………………………………………….16

3.5Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..18

ChapterFour

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………18

ChapterFive

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………20

1Introduction

1.1Background

Humorisakindofartofwords.Itisconsciouslyactivelyuseoflanguage.Theuseoflanguagedependsoncontext,tounderstandtheEnglishhumor,literalmeaningaloneisnotenough,toproperlycombinedwiththecontexttounderstandthelines.Anykindoflanguagemustfollowcertainprinciples.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguageisalsoundercertainrulestoconveythespecialconversationalimplication,whichmayleadtoasenseofhumor.

Cross-culturalcommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds,thesessionisbetweenpeoplewithdifferentnationalities,theneedtoovercomethemothertongueofpreconceptions,communicationhabitsandwayofthinkingcanbedevelopedsmoothly.Humorouslanguagechange,moredifficulttograsp.IfthesessiononepartyUSESthehumorouslanguage,itwillnodoubtbringalotofobstaclestocommunication.Asaresult,anativeChinesespeaker,correctunderstandingandexperienceinEnglishhumorhugepushforsuccessfulcross-culturalcommunication.

1.2Thepreviousstudy

ResearchesonEnglishhumor

（1）Grice's"cooperativeprinciple"

Grice's"cooperativeprinciple"wasproposedbythefamousAmericanlinguisticphilosopherGricein1967duringaspeechatHarvardUniversity.Gricebelievedthatintheprocessofhumancommunication,dialogue,bothsidesininadvertentlyseemtofollowacertainprincipleinordertoeffectivelycooperatetocompletethecommunicativetasks.

Thus,Grice（H.P.Grice）putforward"CooperativePrinciple"（CooperativePrincipleCP）.Gricebelievesinlanguagecommunication,thespeakerssoastoachieveaspecificpurposewillfollowasetofprinciplesintheprocessofconversation,whichisso-calledthecooperativeprinciple.

Onlythespeakersbothsidesabidebytheprinciplesofcooperation,canachievethecommunicativepurposeeffectively.Ontheotherhand,ifoneorbothviolatedtheseprinciplesincommunication,suchastherulesofquantity,quality,guidelines,theprincipleofcorrelation,itcanleadtothegenerationofhumor.Inthemeanwhile,eveniftalksbothsidesadheretotheprincipleofcooperation,itcanalsobepossibletoproduceahumorouseffectintheaspecificcontext.

（2）SperberandWilson'srelevancetheory

ProfessorSperberandWilsonhavedevotedtheirwholelivestotheresearchesofverbalhumorinEnglishjokes,particularlyinitsmechanismandunderstandingprocess.Duringthattime,theycorrectedGrice'stheoryfromtheperspectiveofcognitiveandputforwardthatlanguagecommunicationisacognitiveprocess,whichmustdependoncriticalthinking.Consequently,theycreatedthenewconceptofhumorwithrelevanceprincipleswiththehopetoexplainvariouskindsofpragmaticphenomenaindailycommunication.

Itisabeneficialendeavortomakehumorbecomearigoroussystemofthelanguageofscienceinsteadofgeneralandarbitrariness.However,theexistingmainproblemsinRelevancetheoryarethatittendstoinsufficientandidealwhileignoringthedifferencesamongdifferentpeople.

1.3Significance

WiththeglobalizationandtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,theworldhasgraduallybecomeavillage.Naturally,itismoreimportanttoachieveanoverallunderstandingofEnglishhumorinmulti-culturalcommunication,buttherearefewarticlestoanalyzethehumor.Itisparamounttounderstanditshumorintranslationandinterpretationwork.

1.4organizationofthisstudy

Inthisarticle,firstofall,wehaveapreliminaryunderstandingofEnglishhumormechanismbasedonGrice'scooperativeprinciple,andthenwethroughexamplesshowthemostpopularhumordialoguesinthebigbangtheorytotestthereliabilityofthecooperativeprinciple,atthesametime,wewillputforwardsomeviewsontranslationaccordingtothepresenttranslationunderthedifferenttheoriesoftranslation.

2.Literaturereview

2.1Historyofhumorcreations

ThecommonlyusedexpressionofEnglishhumor

ThereisalonghistoryintheEnglishlanguageandliteratureofEnglishhumorresearch,afterabundantdebatesandcontroversies,itgraduallyformedthefollowingseveralmethodstoproducehumor.

（1）.Conceptreplacement

Usually,peoplerequirethestabilityofconceptsduringcommunication,inanotherwords,itmeansthatwhatthetwosidestalkingaboutshouldbethesamething.Sowhatisconceptreplacement,itisawaytostealconceptsusingdifferentunderstandingsofthesameconceptstoachievethehumorouseffects.themoreoutrageousandhiddenoftheconcept,thegreaterthedifferenceitwillmake,thehumorouseffectwillbemoreintense.Theconceptreplacementisdividedintogeneralgrammaticalconceptsstealingandsemanticconceptstealing.

（2）.Topicdiversion

Changingthesubject,itisawaytoavoidtheprioritiesincounterpart’stalking,thiskindofspeechisnotfluentallthetimeunderyouintentionallymislead,soitoftencanproduceahumorouseffect.Especiallywhenthespeakersareseriouslyandsincerelylookingforwardtoanswerthequestion,youareavoidingthedirectanswer.Atthattime,theeffectismostobvious.

（3）.Comicdefinition

Thenatureoffunnydefinitionismanipulatingtypesofthinkingandsharplanguagestodescribetheessenceofthingsinwisdom.Humorofthissortoftenmakepeoplelaughwhilethoughtprovoking.Undoubtedly,peopleoftenadmirethispenetratingandclassicdefinitions

（4）.Quickwits

Sometimes,whenfacingembarrassingorinsultingquestions,peoplearealwaystendtobeeagertofindtheansweraccordingtonormalthinkinghabitsdirectlywithoutlosingface.Resultantly,herecomesthequickwit,wisepeoplelikeusingquickwittomeettoughsituationswithrapidresponse.

（5）.Exaggeration

Literally,itmeansemphasizingorcomiceffecttoexpressstrongfeelingsonthefoundationofobjectivefacts.Whenconsciouslyusingexaggeratedwordswithrichimagination,wemaydeliberatelyexaggerateorminimizesomeaspectsofmatters.Itisnotamounttothetruthorignoringtruth,butbyexaggerating,theessencethingswillbebetterreflected.

2.2IntroductionofpopularTranslationTheories

2.2.1Nida,（EugeneNida））functionalequivalencetheory

Nidawasastudentofseveralfamousmasterthelanguagestructuralismmasters,whomselfisalsoaprestigiouslinguists,aformerchairmanofthelinguisticsocietyofAmerica.ThecoreconceptofNida'stheoryis"functionalequivalence".WhatistheSo-called"functionalequivalence"?

Thatistosaywedon’ttranslatethewordsonthesurfacerigidlywhileachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguages.Themaindutyisdeprivingfromtheoriginatemeaningoftheworkuntilanon-nativespeakerscanunderstandthemeaning.

2.2.2Carterford（JohnCatford）SystemicTranslationTheory

WhenCarterford（JohnCatford）published《ALinguisticandfoundofTranslation》toexploresomenewwaysforTranslationTheoryresearchin1965,itreallymadehugewaves.Carterfordsaiditstheoryasde