以《生活大爆炸》为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制.docx

1、以生活大爆炸为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制南 京 理 工 大 学毕 业 论 文 作 者:曹育学 号：1101510107学院(系):外 语 系专 业:英 语题 目:以生活大爆炸为例研究英语语言中的幽默和修辞机制 指导者： 陈莲洁 评阅者： 2015年1月毕 业 论 文 中 文 摘 要幽默是英语中的重要组成部分，幽默反映英语文化 和文化价值以及现实等，只有真正理解英语中的幽默才能更有效的掌握英语。同时幽默的表现形式多种多样 ，如双关 、隐喻 、夸张等修辞手法 。这些年，随着中国与世界的接轨，美剧越来越受欢迎，对于英语学习者而言，英语中的幽默和修辞是一个较为困难的学习部分，尤其在从事翻译和口译

2、工作中，如果不能正确的理解别人的幽默和修辞，可能会导致结果大相近庭。所以理解和掌握语言中的幽默尤为重要。本文以热门美剧生活大爆炸为例，分析英语中的高层次沟通技巧并对英语幽默中的翻译进行探讨。关键词 幽默 修辞 沟通 翻译毕 业 论 文 外 文 摘 要Title A research for the system of the humor and rhetoric in English The big bang theory as a case in point Abstract Humor is of vital importance part in English, the reason w

3、hy we need truly understand the humor in English is due to the fact that humor reveals the british culture ,values and reality. At present time ,there are several ways to express humor , such as Pun, metaphor, hyperbole and etc. with the rapid development of global economy, the American serials are

4、getting popular among Chinese , however , it might frustrating sometimes for us to understand the humor in TV programmes , especially to those who Humor and rhetoric in English is a difficult part of learning, especially in translation and interpretation work, if we cannot have the correct understan

5、ding of others humor and rhetoric, it may cause the embarrassing results . as a result, it is paramount to understand and master humor in English . this paper will use the popular TV drama the big bang theory as a case in point so as to analyze high-level communication skills in English and discusse

6、s some translation skills of English humor.Keywords： Humor Rhetoric Communication TranslationTable of Contents中文摘要.2Abstract .3Chapter one Introductory Remarks1.1 Research back ground.51.2 Previous study.51.3 Purpose& significance of the study.61.4 The method of this thesis.6Chapter Two Literature R

7、eview2.1 The research history of humor.72.2 The history of humor translation8Chapter Three Examples to analyze to way to create humor3.1 brief introduction.9Examples103.3 different ways of translation.133.4 Several strategies.163.5 Conclusion.18Chapter Four Acknowledgement18Chapter Five Bibliography

8、201 Introduction1.1 BackgroundHumor is a kind of art of words. It is consciously actively use of language. The use of language depends on context, to understand the English humor, literal meaning alone is not enough, to properly combined with the context to understand the lines. Any kind of language

9、 must follow certain principles. The use of the English language is also under certain rules to convey the special conversational implication, which may lead to a sense of humor.Cross-cultural communication is communication between people with different cultural backgrounds, the session is between p

10、eople with different nationalities, the need to overcome the mother tongue of preconceptions, communication habits and way of thinking can be developed smoothly. Humorous language change, more difficult to grasp. If the session one party USES the humorous language, it will no doubt bring a lot of ob

11、stacles to communication. As a result, a native Chinese speaker, correct understanding and experience in English humor huge push for successful cross-cultural communication.1.2 The previous studyResearches on English humor (1) Grices cooperative principleGrices cooperative principle was proposed by

12、the famous American linguistic philosopher Grice in 1967 during a speech at Harvard University. Grice believed that in the process of human communication, dialogue, both sides in inadvertently seem to follow a certain principle in order to effectively cooperate to complete the communicative tasks.Th

13、us, Grice (H.P.G rice) put forward Cooperative Principle (Cooperative Principle CP). Grice believes in language communication, the speakers so as to achieve a specific purpose will follow a set of principles in the process of conversation, which is so-called the cooperative principle.Only the speake

14、rs both sides abide by the principles of cooperation, can achieve the communicative purpose effectively. On the other hand, if one or both violated these principles in communication, such as the rules of quantity, quality, guidelines, the principle of correlation, it can lead to the generation of hu

15、mor. In the meanwhile, even if talks both sides adhere to the principle of cooperation, it can also be possible to produce a humorous effect in the a specific context. (2) Sperber and Wilsons relevance theoryProfessor Sperber and Wilson have devoted their whole lives to the researches of verbal humo

16、r in English jokes, particularly in its mechanism and understanding process .During that time, they corrected Grices theory from the perspective of cognitive and put forward that language communication is a cognitive process, which must depend on critical thinking. Consequently, they created the new

17、 concept of humor with relevance principles with the hope to explain various kinds of pragmatic phenomena in daily communication.It is a beneficial endeavor to make humor become a rigorous system of the language of science instead of general and arbitrariness. However, the existing main problems in

18、Relevance theory are that it tends to insufficient and ideal while ignoring the differences among different people. 1.3 SignificanceWith the globalization and the rapid development of Internet technology, the world has gradually become a village. Naturally, it is more important to achieve an overall

19、 understanding of English humor in multi-cultural communication, but there are few articles to analyze the humor. It is paramount to understand its humor in translation and interpretation work.1.4 organization of this studyIn this article, first of all, we have a preliminary understanding of English

20、 humor mechanism based on Grices cooperative principle, and then we through examples show the most popular humor dialogues in the big bang theory to test the reliability of the cooperative principle, at the same time, we will put forward some views on translation according to the present translation

21、 under the different theories of translation.2. Literature review2.1 History of humor creationsThe commonly used expression of English humorThere is a long history in the English language and literature of English humor research, after abundant debates and controversies ,it gradually formed the foll

22、owing several methods to produce humor.（1）. Concept replacement Usually, people require the stability of concepts during communication, in another words, it means that what the two sides talking about should be the same thing. So what is concept replacement, it is a way to steal concepts using diffe

23、rent understandings of the same concepts to achieve the humorous effects. the more outrageous and hidden of the concept, the greater the difference it will make, the humorous effect will be more intense. The concept replacement is divided into general grammatical concepts stealing and semantic conce

24、pt stealing.（2）. Topic diversionChanging the subject, it is a way to avoid the priorities in counterparts talking, this kind of speech is not fluent all the time under you intentionally mislead, so it often can produce a humorous effect. Especially when the speakers are seriously and sincerely looki

25、ng forward to answer the question, you are avoiding the direct answer. At that time, the effect is most obvious.（3）. Comic definitionThe nature of funny definition is manipulating types of thinking and sharp languages to describe the essence of things in wisdom. Humor of this sort often make people

26、laugh while thought provoking .Undoubtedly, people often admire this penetrating and classic definitions（4）. Quick witsSometimes, when facing embarrassing or insulting questions, people are always tend to be eager to find the answer according to normal thinking habits directly without losing face. R

27、esultantly, here comes the quick wit, wise people like using quick wit to meet tough situations with rapid response.（5）. ExaggerationLiterally, it means emphasizing or comic effect to express strong feelings on the foundation of objective facts. When consciously using exaggerated words with rich ima

28、gination, we may deliberately exaggerate or minimize some aspects of matters. It is not amount to the truth or ignoring truth, but by exaggerating, the essence things will be better reflected.2.2 Introduction of popular Translation Theories2.2.1 Nida,( Eugene Nida) functional equivalence theoryNida

29、was a student of several famous master the language structuralism masters, whom self is also a prestigious linguists, a former chairman of the linguistic society of America. The core concept of Nidas theory is functional equivalence. What is the So-called functional equivalence? That is to say we do

30、nt translate the words on the surface rigidly while achieve functional equivalence between two languages. The main duty is depriving from the originate meaning of the work until a non-native speakers can understand the meaning.2.2.2 Carter ford (John Cat ford) Systemic Translation Theory When Carter ford (John Cat ford) published A Linguistic and found of Translation to explore some new ways for Translation Theory research in 1965, it really made huge waves . Carter ford said its theory as de